中国文化习俗——四级新题型翻译.doc

筷子是最能反映中国饮食文化特色和传统的重要象征之一。筷子有着悠久的历史，有关筷子的记载可以追溯到3000多年以前。无论到何时何地，中国人吃饭都很难离开筷子。从此，筷子还可以作为礼仪（etiquette）、馈赠、寄情、收藏的特殊工艺品和礼品。如今，筷子已经出现在全世界很多国家的餐桌上，西方还流行起了“为了您的健康，请您拿起筷子来”的时潮。Chopsticks are one of the important symbols that can most reflect the characteristics and traditions of Chinese food culture. Chopsticks have a long history and the records of them can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. Wherever and wherever, it is hard for Chinese people to have meals without chopsticks. In addition, Chopsticks can also be used as special handicrafts and presents for etiquette, gifting, expressing feelings and collection. Today, Chopsticks have appeared on the table of many countries all over the world and there is even a fashion of “please pick up Chopsticks for your fitness” prevalent in the western countries.京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京 剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装 类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困 者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜 色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)， 黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日中秋节。传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，嫦娥奔月是最为人所熟知的故事。虽然各地风俗不同，但是赏月是最流行的活动。每当中秋月亮升起，人们会将月饼、石榴、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，全家人围桌而坐，边吃边谈，共赏明月。The MidAutumn Festival is one of the Chinese traditional festivals held on the 15th day of me 8th lunar month. Among which Chang E flying to the moon is the most wellknown. Although customs differ in different districts, enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity. On that day when the moon rises, all the family members will sit around the table to talk and enjoy the glorious lull moon as well as the fruits and desserts such as mooncakes, pomegranates and dates.中国烹饪文化是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗孕育了这一独特艺术。中餐以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称。它讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、作料的调制、切菜的刀工、适时的烹调以及装盘艺术。最富盛名的菜系有南方的粤菜、北方的鲁菜、东部淮扬菜和西部川菜，以及“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”见称。Chinese cuisine culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure. This unique art owes itself to the long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition of china. Chinese food is famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. It gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate. Among the best-known schools of cuisine are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shangdong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west, noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy- hot flavor of the west”.狮舞（lion dance）是中国最为广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶，保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有2000多年的历史。在唐代，狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，狮舞成为元宵节（the lantern festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好处平安和幸福。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in china. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and project humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2000years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the lantern festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.中国国画有风景画，花鸟画和人物画三大类。从审美的角度来看，尽管中国国画与西洋画有很多相似之处，但它仍独具中国民族特色。中国国画吸引了诗歌、书法、绘画和篆刻等多种艺术形式的长处。它很少像西方人那样因循守旧，反倒给画提供了自由的表达空间。中国的画家通常将诗歌和哲理结合起来，正如中国的一个成语“诗情画意”。Chinese traditional painting includes landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting and figure painting. Form an aesthetic point of view, it still possesses Chinese unique national character although it has much in common with the Western painting. It absorbs the best of many forms of art, like poetry, calligraphy, painting, and seal engraving. Chinese traditional painting seldom follows the convention like westerners, but gives the painter freedom to express. Chinese painters usually combine poetry and philosophy together, as there is Chinese idiom “painting in poetry and poetry in painting”端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to their state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. Forth thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。Wushu，or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity. The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event. The booming of Wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese Wushu masters over the years. Martial artists of the older generations have sown Wushu seeds in foreign countries. Wushu， which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong， soon became popular on new lands. Today superb Wushu masters are a