高级英语2.doc

高级英语：一、单项选择（101）1、Tongue:Silver-tongued 口才敏捷的，有口才的Ready tongue 敏捷的口才Bitter tongue 说话刻薄Smooth tongue 油嘴滑舌Oily tongue 甜言蜜语Hold ones tongue 不开口；保密Lose ones tongue 因说不出话；尽不能言Loose ones tongue 打开了某人的话匣子The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts. 舌非刀剑，亦能伤人The tongue of idle person is never idle. 人懒嘴不懒2、hand:An old hand 老手；擅长做Ask for a ladys hand 求婚A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜似二鸟在林Nothing is stolen without hands. 无贼不失窃A cold hand and a warm heart. 手冷心热Many hands make light work. 人多好办事A clean hand wants no washing. 清者自清On hand 现在In hand 在进行中；在控制中At hand 在手边；在将来By hand 用手3、double negation 双重否定：Not a day passed without their meeting.He cannot see you quickly enough.How is life? Couldnt better.You cannot be too careful in the exam.4、false friends:Lady chair 手搭的轿子Lazy Susan 转盘Hen party 妇女聚会Bad sailor 晕船的人Busy body 爱管闲事的人Bring down the house 喝彩Manager of the graveyard 夜班经理人House flag 船上的公司旗China rose 月季Morning glory 牵牛花Indian meal 玉米粉Italian hand 奸猾的干涉Mongolia idiot 先天性愚型患者American beauty 红蔷薇Turkish delight 软糖Indian summer 小阳春English disease 软骨病Spanish athlete 爱吹牛的人Sweet water 淡水French chalk 滑石粉Yellow book 法国年度报告Chinese dragon 麒麟Blue stocking 女才子；女学者White man 忠实可靠的人二、阅读理解（101）三、Paraphrase（52）1、Well show them a few tricks.We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2、The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament.The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.3、“ Lets take this thing to court and test the legality of it.” Lets accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not.4、He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant.He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.5、What underlies all this sound and fury?What causes the abuse in the popular press?6、All languages are dynamic rather than static.Every living language is in a process of constant change.7、But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionarysA dictionary should record the fact without bothering whether it can satisfy the vanity of those who use a dictionary to prove their unyielding position in an argument or help those who bet some money in support of their conviction.8、Has the dictionary abdicated its responsibility?Has the dictionary failed to do its duty?9、And this, too, is complex, subtle, and forever changing.And this is also complicated, delicate, and always changing.10、They make it harder to make a big killing in good times.They make it more difficult to make a large amount of money when economic conditions are favorable.11、But they make it easier to weather the bad times.But they make it easier to survive when economic conditions are unfavorable.12、Much of Britains liner fleet rarely sees a British port.Much of the fleet carries goods between foreign countries.13、British companies are big on the Japan-to-Australia run.British companies are doing much business on the line between Japan and Australia.四、Translation 汉译英（52）1、我没有预料到会卷入这场争端。I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute2、如果你想学到一些东西，那你就应该自己参加到这项工作中去。You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.3、陪审团裁决他有罪，法官判了他三年徒刑。The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years imprisonment.4、当时伦敦的报纸认为纳粹德国即将垮台。The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at hand.5、合同签订后不久，工程就开始了。The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.6、他号召孩子们以解放军英雄为榜样。He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes7、你能用简明的语言概况这首古诗的中心思想吗？Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms?8、我们应不断地使自己的思想适应变化的情况。We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions.9、该公司将为他们提供住宿和交通工具。The said company will furnish them with lodging and transportation.10、车速限制在每小时五十五公里之内。The speed of motor vehicles is restricted to 55 km. per hour.11、电报转达了首都人民对震区人民深切的关怀。The cable message conveyed the deepest concern of the people in the capital for those in the quake-afflicted areas.12、关于作者本人的情况，你能从文章本身猜出些什么？What can you infer about the author from the article it-self?13、英国政府答应提供解决失业问题所急需的钱。The British government promised to put up the money needed to solve the problem of unemployment14、沙特阿拉伯已知石油储量在世界上是遥遥领先的。Saudi Arabias proved reserves of oil are by far the greatest in the world15、一座新的电报大楼即将完工并交付使用。A new telegraph building will be completed and put into service soon.16、伊拉克的扩张主义受到了世界各国报纸的抨击。Iraqs expansionism was under attack from the press all over the World.五、缩略词（101）1、NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织(北约)2、OASOrganization of American States美洲国家组织3、OAUOrganization of African Unity非洲统一组织(非统)4、OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织5、SALTStrategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈6、MITMassachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工学院7、BBCBritish Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司8、VIPvery important person重要人物9、GMTGreenwich mean time格林威治平均时10、GNPgross national product国民生产总值11、KGBKomite Gossudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti(Committee of State Security)国家安全委员会(克格勃)(苏联)12、UNCTADUnited Nations Conferences on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议13、EECEuropean Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体14、BBCBritish Broadcasting Company15、VOAVoice of America16、SOSSave Our Soul17、EUEuropean Union18、IMFInternational Monetary Fund19、IBMInternational Business Machines20、P.SPostscript21、GMGovernment Man22、e.gexampli gratia23、etc.et cetera24、cf.confer25、SISUSichuan International Studies University26、UNESCOUnited Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organisation27、AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome28、bikebicycle29、fridgerefrigerator30、motelmotor hotel31、smog smoke fog六、修辞举例（101）1. Smile 明喻The pen is to a writer what a gun is to the fighter. He bellowed like a bull seeking for combat. Life is like a yoyo, full of ups and downs.生活就像悠悠球，充满了起起伏伏 A book is like a lighthouse that guides our way.书就像指引我道路的灯塔 I am as poor as a church house. as deaf as a post. as happy as a lark. as light as a feather. The first I read the book, as if I have gained a new friend. 2. Metaphor 暗喻 The sunshine of life is made up of little beams.生活的阳光又一束束光线组成 Habit is a cable, and everyday you weave a thread, and finally youll never break it.习惯就是线，每天你织一线，最后你就用完不能弄破它 Life is a fond dream vanishing without trace. 生如春梦了无痕。 Age is my alarm clock. 水是眼波痕，山是眉峰峻。 Love is a light that never dims 爱是永不变暗的灯 Life is a flower for which love is the honey. 生活是花，爱是蜜 Love is the moon, when it does not increase, it decreases. 爱如月，不增既减 A book is a kind of medicine. The book is the nutritional food. The book is a philosopher, reading a good book equals talking with a number of great men. She is a kitten of a woman ( a pearl of a film, a palace of a house, an angel of a wife)3. Personification 拟人 There happy masks that kiss fair ladies brows. Rough wind moans loud.4. Plantification 拟物 His family is like potatoes, all that is good of them are undergrand. I have a leaf that quivers, you , the unshaken trees.5. Synaesthesia 通感 He gave him a sour look. His voice was a censer that scaltered parfum. The music breezes from her face.6. Metonymy 借代 The kettle is boiling. My daddy is fund of the bottle. He has good ear for music.7. Allusion 用典 He has met his waterloo. I fear the Greeks even when they bring gifts. This is a catch 22 situation 自相矛盾 She sat there all night, a silent sphinx. You want a pound of flesh from me. She is a Cinderella.8. Euphemism 委婉 His grand-father has passed away.(done for; gone to West; kicked the bucket) As soon as D.H Lawrence kicked the bucket, he started to become famous Memory garden Lost the license The long illness = cancer Are you soft in the read?9. Hyperbole 夸张 His eloquence can split the rocks. My legs weigh 3 tons. The noise is loud enough to wake up the dead. I love Ophelia, 40000 brothers with all their quantity of love could not make up my sum. Music has charms, to soothe a savage breast, to soften rocks or bend a knotted oak.音乐有着抚慰粗野的胸怀、软化顽石或使千年老树弯腰的魅力 I have waited for sth for a perfect age. The flakes were falling thick and hard now, pouring past the windows a waterfall of mystery. 雪下得又厚又猛，好似神秘的瀑布在窗外倾泻。 When a woman loves a man, her body has an odor of thousand apples trees in blossom.10. Irony 讽刺 That boy works very hard, he reads one time every week. What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country, they let the paupers go to sleep. You are a fine goalkeeper, allowing the other side get 6 goals. Robbing a window of her saving is a noble act. This hard-working female seldom reads per week.11. Pan 双关 7 days without water makes one weak. Try our sweet corn, you will smile ear to ear.If we dont hang together, we will hang separately.How do you keep cool at football game? Sit next to the fan.Why is every book like a tree in summer? Because every book is full of leaves.Why are the middle ages called dark ages? Knight.Why should a man never tell his secret in a corn field? Because it has so many ears.What kind of money do girls like most? Matrimony.12. Rhetorical 设问 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? Who ever loved that loved not as first sight? 谁钟情不是一见钟情呢？ Can the leopard change his spots? 江山易改，本性难移 13. Antithesis 对比,对照 To err is human, to forgive is divine. Man proposes, God disposes 谋事在人，成事在天 Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit. 吃一堑，长一智 A step further, a person wiser. 向前一小步，文明一大步 Silence is deep in eternity, speech is shallow as time.沉默深于永恒，言语浅如时间 Give me liberty or give me death. 要不给我自由，要不给我死亡 Deep rivers move in silence，shallow brooks are noisy. 深水静静流，浅溪潺潺流 We prefer to die a hero, rather than live a slave. Pride hurts, modesty benefits. 满招损，谦受益 Take little, give more. 少索取，多奉献 United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡14. Climax 层进 I came, I saw, I conquer I am sorry, I am very sorry, I am extremely sorry. Some books are to be tasted, some books are to be digested and chewed. I honor him, I trust him and I love him. He has gone, he has escaped, he has broken the way. Social position, friends, reputation, life itself, had no longer any attraction for him. His acquaintance, his friends, his family all turn against him. Some read to think, rare; some to write, there are common; some read to talk, this form the great majority. 15. Anticlimax 突降 It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man is in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理 For God, for America, for Yale. I have lost my beau and lipstick too We often joke about his passionate love for his little daughter, his cat. Where shall I find hope, happiness, friends and a book.16. Repetition 重复，反复 Thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second.Light come, light go. 来得容易去得快 Common sens is not so common. Diamond outs diamond. 棋逢对手 Like draws like 物以类聚，人以群分。 Like cures like 以毒攻毒 Like begets like 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞 Happy happy pair None but the brave. Happy happy pair Happy happy pair 唯有英雄 Deserves the fair. 堪与美人配 For glances beget ogles惊鸿一瞥则频送秋波 For ogles beget sighs频送秋波则惊叹不已 For sighs beget wishes惊叹不已则遐思飞扬 For wishes beget words遐思飞扬则欲叙衷肠 And words beget a letter. 欲叙衷肠则化作情诗一首17. Parallelism 排比 Love is a smoke, raised with the fume of sighs: being purged, a fire sparking in lovers eyes being vexed, a sea nourished with lovers tears. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with Gods help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his joke. 18. Transferred epithet 转移修饰 A bright moon shines your calm sleeping face. The thief made trembling confession of his wrongdoing. He crashes down a protesting chair. They talk to the foreigner in hesitant English. The doctors face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. Before him there were still tem weary Li.19. Oxymoron 矛盾修辞法 Falsely true Open secret Dam confession A sweet sorrow An honorable villain 奸徒 A living dead 活死人 Speaking silence 千言话语的沉默 Silence is also speech. 沉默也是语言。 Disagreeable pleasant 喜忧参半20. synecdoche 提喻部分代整体：They share the same roof.We are short of hands.The birds sing merrily to welcome the smiling year.The surgeon cut me up and took the appendix out and stitched me up again.抽象代具体：All the wit and learning of the world are assembled here.There is a mixture of a tiger and an ape in the character of a Frenchman.21. 押韵Seeing isbelieving.Small rain lays great dust.小雨能压滚滚尘Assonance: 腹韵 （元音相近）Fi