英语试题02.doc

科目：101英语 (答案请写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效)Part I Listening Comprehension (15 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear five short passages. At the end of each passage, a few questions will be asked about what was said. The passages and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions from 1 4 are based on the following passage.1. A. Televisions effect on the movie industry.B. The relationships between different media.C. Radio news as a substitute for newspapers.D. The role of the print media.2. A. Movie attendance increased due to advertising on television.B. Old motion pictures were often broadcast on television.C. Television had no effect on movie attendance.D. Motion picture popularity declined.3. A. To illustrate another effect of television.B. To demonstrate the importance of televised sports.C. To explain why television replaced radio broadcasting.D. To provide an example of something motion pictures cant present.Passage 2Questions from 4 6 are based on the following passage.4. A. The development of the modern skyscraper.B. The skyscrapers effect on urban areas.C. Problems with future skyscraper construction.D. Safety regulations for skyscraper design.5. A. It created design problems for architects.B. It was needed for transporting construction materials.C. It enabled architects to design their office buildings.D. It made skyscrapers more expensive to build.6. A. Projected changes in the building code.B. Design features of modern skyscrapers.C. Strategies for reducing traffic congestion.D. Methods of estimating construction costs.Passage 3Questions from 7 9 art based on the following passage.7. A. It allowed workers to spend more time at home.B. It gave workers opportunity for better training.C. It allowed workers to live far from their jobs.D. It eliminated many factory jobs.8. A. The lack of a qualified sales force.B. A decline in the number of customers.C. Difficulty in transporting merchandise.D. Increased transportation costs.9. A. Job opportunities are better there.B. Prices are lower in downtown stores.C. Highway commuting has become unpleasantD. Property is more valuable in the cities.Passage 4Questions from 10 12 are based on the following passage.10. A. Education during the Civil War.B. Post-Civil War developments in higher education.C. Current trends in technological education.D. Benefits for women in state universities.11. A. Two.B. Three.C. Ten.D. One hundred12. A. It was well established.B. It was the same as that available to men.C. It was only available in the northern states.D. It was not highly developed.Passage 5Questions from 13 15 are based on the following passage.13. A. A recipe for a soft drink.B. The medicinal effects of cola.C. The history of cola.D. Soft-drink production.14. A. He sold cola to doctors.B. He was a drugstore clerk.C. He developed the cola syrup.D. He suffered from severe headaches.15. A. By mixing it with special oils.B. By heating it.C. By combining it with different flavors.D. By adding soda water.Part II Cloze Test (10 points)Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.One of the most dangerous drugs for pregnant women to consume is alcohol. Because alcohol is 17 quickly into the blood and passes quickly into the 16 and membranes, the human fetus is particularly 18 to its effect. In fact, the negative effects on a fetus are so 19 that babies born after 20 to alcohol are said to be suffering from fetal alcohol 21. 22 a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, the alcohol is passed into the bloodstream almost 23 . Moreover, because the bloodstream of the fetus is 24 that of the mother, the alcohol passes directly into the fetus as well. 25 , whats more, the 26 of alcohol in the fetus is exactly the same as in the mother.For the mother, this concentration is not a problem because her liver can 27 one ounce of alcohol from her system per hour. However, the fetus liver is not completely 28 . The rate at which it is able to 29 the alcohol from the blood of the fetus is much slower.30, the alcohol will be returned to the mothers system by passing across the placenta, but this process is slow. By the time this 31, major neurological damage may have already 32 . Research has shown that as little as one drink of alcohol can produce significant,33 damage to the fetus.Babies born after exposure to alcohol generally 34 facial distortion, inability to concentrate, and difficulty in remembering. Simply speaking, it is 35 that pregnant women avoid alcohol.16. A. conferredB. deliveredC. endowedD. injected17. A. tissueB. muscleC. fabricD. liver18. A. accessibleB. resistantC. vulnerableD. immune19. A. pronouncedB. accurateC. severeD. harsh20. A. adaptationB. infectionC. exposureD. contraction21. A. affectionB. impactC. consequenceD. syndrome22. A. AfterB. AsC. WhenD. Because23. A. simultaneouslyB. immediatelyC. directlyD. frequently24. A. tied toB. similar toC. fixed uponD. linked to25. A. BesidesB. AndC. RatherD. Likewise26. A. condensationB. functionC. concentrationD. poison27. A. distinguishB. removeC. abandonD. discriminate28. A. developedB. cultivatedC nurturedD. grown29. A. eliminateB. preventC. distanceD. relieve 30. A. EventuallyB. PracticallyC. VirtuallyD. Gradually31. A. takes effectB. takes placeC. has impactD. prevails aver32. A. experiencedB. arisenC. emergedD. occurred33. A. irreversibleB. perceivableC incomprehensibleD. unimaginable34. A. revealB. exhibitC. involveD. perform35. A. desirousB. hopefulC imperativeD. optimisticPart III Reading Comprehension (45 points)Directions:There are six passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal”. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.36. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?A. They revert from the long term memory.B. They are filtered from the sensory storage area.C. They get chunked when they enter the brain.D. They enter via the nervous system.37. How do theorists believe a person can remember more information in a short time?A. By organizing itB. By repeating itC. By giving it a name.D. By writing it down on paper.38. Why does the author mention a dogs bark?A. To exemplify poor memory.B. To analyze a type of interruption.C. To compare human memory with dogs memory.D. To illustrate the lack of efficiency of rote rehearsal.39. Which of the following is true about retrieving information?A. Elaborate rehearsal contributes to information retrieval.B. The most efficient way of retrieving information is to assign semantic meaning to the information.C. Its impossible to retrieve forgotten information without picture prompts.D. Encoding information is more efficient than chunking it.40. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Ones memory capacity can be enhanced by rote rehearsal,B. Putting information to writing is suggested to improve memory.C. Providing sufficient prompts helps information retrieval.D. Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.Passage 2Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the worldEven here in the United States, we make few concessions (让步) to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual (多语言的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to stay in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives - usually the richer - who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could gel by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.41. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably .A. stand still B. jump aside C. step forward D. draw back42. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their .A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitors D. arrogance towards other cultures43. In countries other than their own most Americans .A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants44. According to the author, Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will .A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar45. The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that .A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. his important to maintain their leading role in world affairs C. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other culturesPassage 3Most British newspapers are not necessarily careful about language, but they are careful about bad words anyway. The phrase family newspaper is an inevitable part of our lives. Newspapers are not in the business of giving unjustified offence. It is a limitation of newspaper writing, and everybody in the business, whether writing or reading, understands and accepts. There are many other necessary limitations, and most of these concern time and space.Newspapers have dominated sportswriting in Britain for years. But ten years ago, a new player entered the game. This was the phenomenon of mens magazines. GQ was the pioneer and it leads the way still, leaving the rest panting distantly in its wake.Sport is, of course, a blindingly obvious subject for a mens magazine - but it could not be tackled in a blindingly obvious way. Certainly, one of the first things GQ was able to offer was a new way of writing about sport, but this was not so much a cunning plan as a necessity. The magazine was doomed, as it were, to offer a whole new range of freedoms to its sportswriters. Freedom of vocabulary was simply the most obvious one and, inevitably, it appealed to the schoolboy within us. But space and time were the others, and these possibilities meant that the craft of sportswriting had to be reinvented.Unlike newspapers, a magazine can offer a decent length of time to research and to write. These are, you would think, luxuries - especially to those of us who are often required to read an 800-word match report over the telephone the instant the final whistle has gone. No one expects a masterpiece under such circumstances. But a long magazine deadline gives you the disconcerting and agoraphobic freedom to research, to write, to think.GQ is not restricted by the same conventions of reader expectation as a newspaper. You need not worry about offending people or alienating them; the whole ethos of the magazine is that readers are there to be challenged. There will be readers who would find some of its pieces offensive or even impossible in a newspaper, or even in a different magazine. But the same readers will read the piece in GQ and find it enthralling.That is because the magazine is always slightly uncomfortable to be with. It is not like a cozy member of the family, nor even like a friend. It is the strong, self-opinionated person that you can never quite make up your mind whether you like or not. You admire him, but you are slightly uneasy with him. The people around him might not altogether approve of everything he says; some might not care for him at all. But they feel compelled to listen. The self-confidence is too compelling. And just when you think be is beginning to become rather a bore, he surprises you with his genuine intelligence. He makes a broad joke, and then suddenly he is demanding you follow him in the turning of an intellectual somersault.46. What does the writer say about newspapers in the first paragraph?A. They tend not to include articles readers will find very challenging.B. Articles in them do not reflect the way many people really speak.C. They are more concerned with profit than with quality of writing.D. They fail to realize what kind of writing would appeal to readers.47. What does the writer imply in the second paragraph?A. GQ magazine contains articles that are well worth reading.B. Some of the more recent mens magazines are unlikely to survive.C. The standard of sportswriting in newspapers has improved in recent times.D. He is in a position to give an objective view of sportswriting in magazines.48. Why were sportswriters for GQ given new freedoms?A. The restrictions of newspaper writing do not apply to writing for GQ.B. The magazines initial plans for its sports articles proved unrealistic.C. Notions about what made good sports journalism were changing.D. The writers that it wanted to employ demanded greater freedom.49. Why cant writers for GQ use the same methods as writers for newspapers?A. Articles in GQ are not allowed to consist mainly of interviews.B. They want to be considered better than writers for newspapers.C. Writers for newspap