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2008年成人高考英语语法复习资料1. 一般现在时的被动语态: 承受者+beis/am/are +done(过去分词) by+执行者 . E.g.: Many schools are built(done) every year in the city. note: 地点状语,时间状语一般都放在句末;in the city 特指 其中 be 的使用取决于主语的单复形式。 A lot of修饰可数和不可数名词 Many修饰可数名词 Mach修饰不可数名词 主动: They all read(原形) English every day. 被动:English read (过去分词)by all of them every day. 主动:Mother often scolds(责骂) me. 被动:I am often scolded by mother.2. 一般过去式的被动语态: 承受者+bewas/were +done(过去分词) by+执行者 (不明确可省略)。 E.g.: 主动:He repaired his bike yesterday. 被动:His bike was repaired by him yesterday. 主动:Children cleaned many streets last Sunday. 被动:Many streets were cleaned by children last Sunday. 3. 现在进行时的被动语态: 承受者+beis/am/are being(现在分词)done by+执行者 (不明确可省略)。 E.g. 主动: He is writing his composition. (作文)被动:His composition is being written by him. Note: write/wrote/ written4. 过去进行时的被动语态: 承受者+bewas/were being(现在分词)done by+执行者 (不明确可省略)。 E.g. 主动:He was majoring computer during his college. 被动:Computer was being majored by him during his college. 5. 将来时的被动语态: 承受者+be going to/will/shall(be动词原形)/be tobe done by+执行者 (不明确时可省略)。 E.g.1 A big supermarket will/shall/be to be built here next year Note : be to :计划或安排好的动作或行为。 E.g.2 The flight is to leave for Hefei city. 6. 现在完成时的被动语态: 承受者+have(复数主语)/has been done by+执行者 (不明确可省略) E.g. 主动:Our School has finished many scientific researches. 被动:Many scientific researches have been finished by our school. 7. 将来时态的被动语态: 承受者+be going to/will/shall/be tohave been done by+执行者 E.g. 主动:We ll have finished the book by the end of September. 被动: The book will/shall have been finished by the end of September Note: by the end of 短语的用法 (1) Will have done by the end of +将来时态 (2) Had done by the end of +过去完成时态 E.g. The project had been made by the end of last week. look out (for) 小心watch out (for) 小心wear(*)out 使疲劳;劳累 leave out 省去;遗漏;忽略work out(well) 很成功;结果是好的 turn out 生产; 证明是 put out 扑灭;生产;出版;赶走take out 拿出 pull out 拉出;掏出; 拔出;抽出;取出;(车,船)驶出 pick out 选出;领会;弄明白pay out 付出;得到报应 make out 看清;理解;断定 keep out 把挡在外边 hold out 伸出;支撑;提出hand out 分发;施舍 go out (灯、火)熄灭;(年、月)结束;(衣着)过时;倒塌;罢工carry out (the plan / the policy) 实施;执行 break out 爆发 check out 结账离开give out 发出(气味、热)等;分发;耗尽;疲劳call out 大声叫喊 drop out 辍学;掉落come out 出来;花开放;出版; 得名次 get out (使)出去;逃脱;(消息等)泄露;说出;公布think out 想出 let out 泄漏(机密)发出(喊叫) point out 指出 blow up 告吹;发脾气(风雨)等发生break up 破碎;结束(士气)衰弱;(关系)破裂bring up 培养;养育;呕吐call up 给打电话;使人想起come up 走近;发芽;提出来; 出现(问题;建议);上楼 cover up 掩盖;包庇cut up 切碎;使难过get up 起床;起立(风、浪)大起来;打扮;安排;组织 check up=check through=check over 核对;检查give up 放弃;把送交;使埋头于 go up 上升;涨价;修建;增长 hang up / off 挂起;挂断电话hold up 举起;竖起;支撑;使停顿;使延误 keep up 保持;继续(某活动)shut up 关门;关在里面;闭嘴look up 抬头看;查阅;看望;(身体)好转 make up 弥补;赔偿;编造;组成;虚构pull up 拔出;拔掉;使车停住;停车 pick up 举起;拾起;(身体)好转;中途接入;wind up 上紧(钟表)发条;使紧张;兴奋;结束 put up 举起;盖起;支起;张贴;投宿show up=turn up 露面 take up 着手; 占有(时间, 空间)turn up 出现;放大(灯光,收音机,煤气等)work up 激发(情感)wrap up 席卷而去; 包起来 think up 想出 use up 用完make up 化妆; 编造save up 节省 eat up 吃光 stay up / sit up 熬夜不睡觉 light up 照亮; (脸上)呈现高兴的情绪look up 抬头看; 查找; 好转 blow off 吹掉;埋怨;炸掉break off 突然中断;停止;与断绝关系call off 叫走;取消carry off 夺走;抢走;获得奖品; 叼走 come off 脱落;举行;结果cut off 切下;剪下;切断 cross off/out 勾掉;划掉 die off 相继死去fall off 跌落;减少;脱落;衰退knock off 撞落; 撞倒get off 下来;下车;脱下(衣服);(飞机)起飞 give off 发出;放出go off (to) 熄灭; 动身去某地; 炸锅 hang off / back 忧郁;畏缩hold off 推迟;抵挡;不使接近keep off 避开;防止;挡住 leave off 停止;中断 pay off 还清;偿还掉 put off 推迟;延期shut off 关掉;切断电源 take off 脱下; 起飞 turn off 关掉;切断;取消wipe off 擦掉;还清(债务)blow down 吹倒;吹落 break down 出故障;失败;崩溃; 分解 bring down 使下降;使泄气come down 下来;下降 cut down 减少开支;砍倒 die down (风、雨、火、植物,浪)平息fall down 落下;跌到;倒塌;失败;证明是不行的 go down (价格)下降;(日、月)落下;(风、浪)平静;(船)下沉;倒闭 hand down 递给;传递下来;世代相传 hold down 制止;控制;缩减put down 写下;记下;镇压;放下 shut down (指工厂)关闭;停工turn down 拒绝;关小;调低take down 记下来; 取下来;拆除;咽下 let * down 使 失望 bring about 导致;产生;发生come about 产生;造成 hang about/around 闲逛;逗留;徘徊 check over 核对;检查 come over 走过来take over 接管; 接替; 继承 think over 仔细考虑;思考一下 turn over 翻开;翻身;移交go over 越过;细看;复习;转向;被翻倒get over 爬过(山、墙);克服(困难、偏见)熬过;从恢复过来;做完; 浏览 look over ones shoulder 看过去 roll over 翻滚;翻身fall over 绊了一跤take away 拿走 get away (from) 逃脱;离开;出发;把送走;寄走blow away 吹走;吹散break away from 脱离(政党)等;放弃;打破(陈规)carry away 运走;使失去自制力die away (风、声音)减弱 give away 分发;赠送;出卖;放弃(机会)等go away 走开;离去;(岁月)流逝;死去 keep away from 使避开;使远离 pass away 去世;消失;度过put away 把收起来;存好;放置暂时不用 run away 逃走;携带逃走 fade away 褪色; 慢慢褪去wash away 洗掉;(洪水)冲垮 stay away from 离 远点 shy away from 退出; 躲避 bring back 拿回;使回想起 call back / ring back 回电话 turn back 回来fight back 反击 get back 回来;恢复;要回; 带回 put back 放回原处;拨回时钟;延期推迟 take back 收回kick back 踢回 pay back 偿还 write back 回信 give back 归还;送回;恢复;后退come back to life 恢复健康 look back on 回忆;回顾 throw back 扔回去draw back 后退其他常用词组(to为介词)object to 反对 attend to 办理;处理;注意听;照顾 look forward to 期待;盼望be opposed to 反对 devote to 贡献给 stick to 坚持 lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到be related to 与有关 be limited to 限制到 be applied to 应用于 refer to 提到; 指的是see to 注意做到;务必做到; 负责 turn to 翻到; 求助于第一章 名词 1、名词的数 A、常见的不可数名词 1、Fluids(流体): air空气, smoke烟, water水, oil油, ink墨木, juice果汁, rain雨水, tea茶, coffee咖啡, wine酒,beer啤酒 2、Substances(物质): paper纸, glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁, chalk粉笔, fruit水果,meat肉, beef牛肉, mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉, sugar糖, salt盐, rice米, sand沙子, dust灰尘, gold黄金 3、Abstracts(抽象名词): health健康, wealth财富, honesty诚实, friendship友谊, wisdom智慧, attention注意力,luck运气, progress进步, work工作, room空间, news新闻, information消息, love爱, trouble 麻烦, happiness幸福, silence寂静 4、Subjects(学科): physics物理, chemistry化学, mathematics数学,history历史, geography地理, English英语, biology生物, music音乐 B、可数名词的复数形式 1、直接在词尾加-s,如 desks, maps, cats, pens cars, farms 2、以-s, -x, -ch, sh结尾的词加-es :glasses, classes, buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, brushes, dishes(例外:stomachs 胃) 3、以-O 结尾的词: Negroes, heres, potatoes, tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es); photos, pianos, kilos, radios, zoos studios(无生命的名词加-es) 4、辅音字母+y 结尾的,把y 变为i再加es : city-cities, story-stories, baby-babies, dictionary-dictionaries, factory- factories, fly- flies, diary-diaries 但是,元音字母+y直接+s toytoys 5、以 -f, -fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe 再加 ves: knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, wolf-wolves, thief-thieves, leaf-leaves 例外:roof-roofs屋顶, belief-beliefs信仰, gulf-gulfs海湾 safe-safes, handkerchief-handker chiefs手帕 6.特殊变化: man-men womanwoman childchildren, toothteeth, goosegeese鹅 footfeet, mousemice, looker-onlookers-on 旁观者 passer-bypassers-by过路人, editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief总编辑, man-doctormen doctors, woman-doctorwomen doctors; fish, deer, Chinese, sheep单复数同形。 C、 只有复数形式的名词 1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词: clothes衣服, fireworks烟火, wages工资, thanks谢意, remains残留物,sweets糖果 2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词: scissors剪刀, glasses眼镜, trousers裤子,shoes鞋, socks袜, gloves手套 这些名词如表示数量,要以 pair为单位,如: a pair of shoes一双鞋 two pairs of shoes 两双鞋 a pair of glasses一副眼镜 two pairs of glasses两副眼镜 3.某些集合名词,本身即为复数,所以不能加-s,也不能以one, a, every等词来修饰,如: this people() these peoples() these people() that police() those polices() those police()2.名词的所有格 名词所有格的构成 英语名词所有格有两种:s属格和of属格。 1)s所有格 单数名词加-构成,如: Hellens car海伦的汽车; the doctors glasses医生的眼镜; a dogs tail 狗的尾巴; the managers secreatry 经理的秘书 复数名词以-s结尾的只加-,不以-s结尾的加-s,如: the girls school女子学校; ladies hats女帽; the students Library学生阅览室;Womens club妇女俱乐部; Childrens toys儿童玩具; mens hats男帽 复合名词在最后一词后加-s,如: Somebody elses umbrella别人的伴伞; my brother-in -laws car我姐夫的汽车 2) of所有格的用法: 主要用于表示无生命的名词,一般采用the +所有物+of +(the, that, my ) + 所有者的形式,如: the door of this classroom这间教室的门;the leaves of the tree树叶; the name of our school我们学校的名字。the door of the house, a map of China. 3)双重属格的用法: a friend of +名词所有格or 名词性物主代词,主要用来表示人的所有关系,例如: a friend of my brothers, two plays of Shakespeares, some children of Mr. Browns, these ideas of yours, those dirty shoes of James. 双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。 Note:of my own属于我自己的on my own我独自地 4)特殊所有格 若一样东西为两人共有,后一个人名用所有格,在最后一词后加-s;如: Tom and Johns room汤姆和约翰(共同)的房间; Lily and Lucys school莉莉和露茜(共同)的学校。 如果属于二人分别拥有,则在两个名词之后分别加-s,且其后名词应为复数。如: Marys and Johns pens玛丽和约翰(各自)的钢笔; Mikes and Henrys desks迈克和亨利(各自)的书桌 John and Toms room(only one room); Johns and Toms rooms(two rooms:one for John and one for Tom) 例如The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alices mother. You should find what the difference between Mr. Smiths and Mr. Blacks cars is. 5)在表示某人家,店铺时,所有格后面的名词常常省略: at Mr. Greens(在格林先生家); at my brothers(在我兄弟家); at the tailors(在裁缝店); at the barbers(在理发店); at the doctors(在诊所) 6)noun+to I dont quite remember the key_the question though I answered it correctly. A.of B.to C.for D.about 3.名词的常用考点 考点1.牢记六个不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用数词,但是可用some, any information,weather,fun,progress,advice,furniture, a. _ important information it is!A. What B. What an b. _ nice weather it is today! A. What B. What a c. _ fun it is! A. What B. What a d. Physics has made great progress in this century. And so has maths. e. The doctor gave my father some advice on how to stop smoking. f. She has to clean all the furniture in all the bedrooms in two hours. g.It was fun to play on the beach that it attracted countless children. A such great B so great C such a great D so great a 考点2.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义 papers(报纸;文件); works(工 厂;著 作); looks(外 表); hairs(几 根 头 发); times(时 代); sands(沙滩); drinks(饮料); manners(礼貌); arms(武器); forces(军队) glasses 牢记五个名词单复数形式可以表示特别意义的名词 word / man difficulty room people population a.当 word和man用作不可數名词时,前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式时,它们的意义是:word(消息;通知),man(人类) Word came that the headmaster would come to talk to us.(消息) Please send me word of your arrival.(通知) Labor created man.(人类) Quite a lot scientists have studied the origin of man in the last century. b.have some difficulty in doing sth. c.I am afraid that there isnt _left for you two in my car. There are already five people in it. A.many room B.any rooms C.any room many rooms dpeople作集合名词用时,后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式 The people in the village like the new teacher. 但是,作民族解释时是可数名词,有复数形式:peoples;作全体公民解释时,动词用复数形式。 the peoples of Asia(亚洲各民族) The Chinese people are a great people.(中华民族是一个伟大的民族。) e.population具有集合名词的一般用法 A:The population of China is largethan that of India. (中国人口比印度多。) B.Eighty percent of the population of China are peasants. (中 国80%的人 口是农民。)考点3.集合名词的数 一般地说,集合名词只以单数形式出现。常见的有:family,police,cattle,team,people,government, class,group,audience(观众),public(公众),crew(全体船员)等。当这些名词作主语时,若表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a big family./ The whole family are watching TV now. The government welcomes the proposal.(政府欢迎该建议。) The government are discussing the proposal.(政府官员正在讨论该建议。) 注意: (1)police和cattle后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式 Many cattle are kept on the farm. Several hundred police are on duty. 考点4.of+抽象数=相应的形容词 of+geat+抽象名词=very+相应的形容词 of+no+抽象名词=not+相应的形容词(or -less, un-) 这样的抽象名词主要有:importance,value,use,help The dictionary is of great use/help.=The dictionary is very useful/helpful. The meeting is of great importance.=The meeting is very important. Ginseng is of great medicine value. (西洋参具有很高的药用价值。) Your advice is of great value to us=Your advice is very valuable to us His suggestion is of no use=His suggestion is not useful That program is of great interest to the children =That program is very interesting to the children 但是,of+colorageheightwidth常用来表示具有同样的颜色、年龄、高度、宽度等等。 These two jackets are of the same color.(这两件夹克衫颜色一样。) Were of the same age.(我们年龄一样大。) 考点5.to+抽象名词常表示喜、怒、哀、乐 to ones surprise(令人惊讶地);to ones joy/delight(令人高兴地); to onesdisappointment(令人失望地);to ones shame(令人羞愧地) 考点6.名词作定语 名词作定语一般用单数 eg. mountain areas山区 apple pies苹果派color TVs彩色电视机 machine guns机关机 the school bus学校的班车a shoe shop/ a stone bridge/ a mountain village/ the ticket office/ war stories/ book leaves/ vegetable garden 例外savings account储蓄存款帐户 womens college女子学院 girlss high school女子中学 man,woman作定语与后面的名词的数一致 eg,a man doctortwo men doctors sports运动,作定语一般用复数 eg. A sports car/ sports shoes/ a sports meet/ the sports field sport(单数)表示具体的运动项目 eg.Which sport were you in yesterday? 例句I walked too much yesterday and _are still aching now. (CET-4 1995,6) A) my legs muscles B) my muscles of leg C) my leg muscles D) my muscles of the leg 本题为名词作定语,不用所有格形式,故正确答案为C. 类似的用法还有:a woman doctor,a straw hat,a paper cover. 例句Now people use the word MS instead of Miss or Mrs before the name of_ in business letters. A)woman manager B)women manager C)woman managers D)women managers 考点7.复合形容词中的名词必须用单数 eg. two-minute ride seven five-yuan notes a nine-foot-tall tree a three-year old三岁的小孩 a seven-day holiday七天的假期 a 200-meter-high building二百米高的大厦 注意名词所有格和复合形容词的用法 eg.二十分钟的路程 twenty minutes walk a twenty-minute walk 例句Despite the wonderful acting and well developed plot the movie could not hold our_ attention. (CET-1996,1) A) three-hours B) three-hour C) three-hours D) three-hours three-hour为复合形容词,作定语不能加s.另外,复合形容词作定语,其中名词保持单数,故A、C、D都不对。正确答案为B.三个小时的电影也可以表达为:three hours movie . 考点8.表示时间的名词前有one,some,this,that,last,next,every,all等修饰时,前面不再用介词: eg. 1. One day I happened to meet her on my way back from school. 2.He kept washing all day. 3.Next morning I will leave for the USA to study English. 考点9.最高级形容词前如有名词,要用所有格形式,如有数词,要用序数词形式,如: the worlds highest mountain世界最高的山 the countrys largest library国家最大的图书馆 the second longest river in China中国第二长河 考点10. 表示数量的hundred,thousand,million,dozen,(打),score(二十)的用法 (1)表示确定数目时,不加s:five hundred(thousand,million)students;six dozen pens (2)表示不确定数目时,加s并且与of连用:hundreds of students;dozens(scores)of people (3)many, several等修饰dozen,score时,不用复数,也不用of:many/several dozen pencils,但是当名词前有限定词或事物本身为人称代词,必须加 of: a dozen of these people/eggs; two score of such books; two dozen of them two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 four score and seven years ago八十七年前 dozens of students几十名学生 hundred of horses上千匹马 millions of people上千万人 He has flow two hundred miles to get here 他坐飞机飞了两百英里赶到这里。 Millions of people come to visit this city every year 每年有几百万人来这个城市参加。 12.自我检测 (1) The_of the cottage were covered with_. A. roofs; leafs B.roofs;leaves C.roovws; leafs D.rooves;leaves (2) That shop sells_clothing. A.childs and womans B.children and womens C.childrens and women D.childrens and womens (3) There are five_ in our clinic. A.woman doctor B.woman doctors C.women doctor D.women doctors (4)What can I do for you? Id like to have a _of China Daily. A.piece B.sheet C.copy D.lot (5)If these shoes are too big, ask him to bring you a small_. A.pair B.one C.suit D.piece (6)The advertisements in newspapers help to cut the _of making newspapers. A.value B.price C.cost D.pay (7)Mr.smith had no_in finding his teachers address. A.difficulty B.difficulties C.troubles D.mistakes (8)_it is to have a swim in hot summer! A.What a fun B. What fun C.How fun D.How a fun (9)It is bad_to speak with your mouth full. A.way B.manner C.manners D.methods (10)You should pay much_to your pronunciation. A.interest B.notice C.money D.attention Answer BDDCA CABCD 一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分。)在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。( )1.A.straight B.prefer C.enough D.fall ( )2.A.low B.though C.knowledge D.sold( )3.A.calm B.hall C.talk D.ball ( )4.A.already B.each C.league D.weak( )5.A.produce B.true C.computer D.news二、词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分,共37.5分。)从每小题的四个选择项中,选出最佳的一项,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括号里。( )6.Are you sure you dont have _ advice to give me?I really need _.A.any;anyB.some;any C.any;someD.any;some( )7.When we saw his face, we knew _ was bad.A.the newsB.some news C.a news D.news( )8.The number of students in our school _.A.increasedB.is increased C.has increasedD.are increased( )9._ your step,or you might fall into the water.A.SeeB.Watch C.MissD.Look at( )10.The meeting _.A.is to put offB.is going to put off C.is to be put offD.will put off( )11.Since the road is wet this morning,last night _.A.it must be rainingB.it must rain C.it must have rainedD.it must have been rained( )12.Nothing could stop _.A.him comeB.that the cameC.him from comingD.him to come( )13.The noise of desks _ could be heard out in the street.A.opened and closedB.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closedD.having been opened and closed( )14.The medicine will _ you good.A.doB.saveC.giveD.help( )15.A few years later,I found my hometown completely _.A.changedB.changingC.to be changedD.to change( )16.This novel is worthy of_.A.readingB.readC.having readD.being read( )17.It is very kind _ see me.A.from you toB.asC.as ifD.like

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