初中英语名词复习.doc

初 中 英 语 名 词 复 习名词：指名词表示人或事物或时地的名称。它分为普通名词和专有名词两类。在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。一、名词的种类普通名词 book pencil 铅笔 dog spaceship太空船 等集合名词 class 班级、班上的同学 family 家庭、家人 audience 听众例：1、 My family is large. (我家是大家庭) 2、 My family are all early risers. (我的家人都起的早)专有名词 第一个字母大写 Bob （保伯） Smith 史密斯 April 四月 London 伦敦*前面加定冠词 the例：the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国物质名词 单数glass 玻璃 wood 木头 paper 纸 butter 奶油 fruit 水果 meat 肉 sugar 糖 air 空气 gas 瓦斯 water 水 glass-glasses 眼镜 wood-woods 森林用法：物质名词在计算数量时，用容器或度量衡的单位来表示数字+容器或度量衡 + of + 名词a loaf of bread 一条面包 two loafs of bread 二条面包a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡a sheet of paper 一张纸a spoonful of sugar 一汤匙糖抽象名词 前面不加 a an 没有复数形式例：beauty 美丽 honesty 诚实 love 爱 patience 耐心 happiness幸福 music 音乐二、名词的数 （单、复数） 规则变化的字尾加s例：dog-dogs 狗 book-books 书 girl-girls 女孩名词字尾为 s、sh、ch、x、o-加es例：classclasses 班级 busbuses 公交车 dishdishes 盘子（盘中菜） benchbenches 长凳 boxboxes 盒子【注意】 名词字尾是o时加es 如 tomatotomatoes 但有例外 如 photos 照片，pianos 钢琴等。名词字尾是y时 ， 去y加ie例： babybabies 婴儿 storystories 故事 citycities 城市 ladyladies 女士名词字尾是f或fe时 ， 去f或fe 加 ves例：leafleaves 叶子 wifewives 妻子、太太 knifeknives 刀子【注意】 例外 ：handkerchiefs 手绢 chiefs 领袖 roofs 屋顶无规则变化的复数名词 名词字尾加en、ren 如oxoxen 公牛 childchildren 改变母音 如 manmen 男人 womanwomen 女人 goosegeese 鹅 toothteeth 牙齿 mousemice 老鼠单复数同形 如 fish鱼 deer鹿 sheep 绵羊 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人三、名词的所有格单数名词-名词+ s例：the boys schoolbag 男孩的书包 Joans dress （ Joan的书包）复数名词-名词s 例：a girls school 一所女校 these students teacher 这些学生的老师 字尾非s的复数名词-名词s例：childrens playground 小孩们的游乐园 womens activities 女人们的活动【特别注意的所有格用法】共同所有格与个别所有格 共同所有格-名词+名词+名词 个别所有格-名词s+名词s+名词s例：1，Harry and Bills father is scientist Harry和Bill的父亲是一位科学家。 2，Harrys and Bills fathers are scientist Harry和Bill的父亲都是科学家。（无）生命所有格； A的B B of A例：桌子的腿 the legs of table 车门 the door of car 所有格之后的名称（名词），如果很容易理解时，可以省略。1、Shes going to dentists. 她要去看牙2、I met him at barbers. 我在理发院遇见他3、We like to eat lunch at McDonalds. 我们喜欢去麦当劳吃午餐名词的数详解与练习1普通名词：A个体名词:如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。B集体名词:如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。C物质名词:如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。D抽象名词 :（摸不着的）如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。2. 专有名词:主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如Churchill丘吉尔、Tokyo东京、China中国等。1）不可数名词它没有复数形式，如water, advice, glass, juice bread, fruit news, paper, ,food 等。它们与表示量的可数名词连用,表示可数的概念。 如:a piece of advice/ a piece of cake / cups of tea/three pieces of paper,/ some bottles of water1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 2、There is some _ on the plate(盘子).A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 3、He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice 4、Please pass me _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water 5、This table is made of _. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass 6、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news 7、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.A. little B. much C.a large number of D.a large amount of 8、 There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.9. I see you have a few white_(hair). 10、 Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?2）可数名词却有单数和复数之分，名词单数变复数变化如下:一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans1、Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. There are many_(fox) in the picture.2The _ has two _.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. Their_(dictionary) look new.以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a, e, i, o, u)如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。如： photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯1、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe 2、There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 3、 Lets take_(photo), OK?4、 I have lots of_(tomato) here.五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D.leave 2、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese, Germen1、-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 2、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A.sheeps, people B.sheep, people C.sheeps, peoples D.sheep, peoples 3、Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1、There are five_(people ) in his family.2、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B.sheep, peopleC. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples 3、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A.person; life B.people; lives C.peoples; lives D.persons; life 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, Looker-onLookers-on1、_ can get a better view of the game than the participants.A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons 2、The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers1、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. A.women doctors B.woman doctors C. women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Two _ would come to the village.A.woman-doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctors 3、They are_(woman) doctors.十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、One _ of Mikes was hurt in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D.ear 2、The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 3. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 4、The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men 5、The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 课后习题I. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ II. 选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3