词汇与结构练习.doc

词汇与结构练习 1. _ , we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus.A. As it being pretty lateB. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty lateD. Being pretty late译文：(时间已晚)，我们决定立即动身，因为我们不想错过这班公交车。2. _ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. As 译文：（曾被认为不可能的事）现在变成现实了。3. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _ going to the party this weekend. A. amB. isC. areD. will 译文：Smith先生，（与他的妻子和孩子一起），本周末要去参加一个聚会。4. Would you mind _ the computer game in your room? A. him playingB. his playingC. him to playD. him play译文：你在意（他）在你的房间里（玩电脑游戏）吗？5. By next year he _ in New York for five years. A. has workedB. has been working C. worksD. will have worked 译文：（到明年），他就（将）在纽约（住满了）五年了。6. Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom. A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read 译文：Henry 常常（被人看到）每天早晨在教室里大声（朗读）英文。7. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well. A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown 译文：（假设热和阳光都没有了）地球上的植物就（将不会生长了）。8. Only recently _ to deal with the environmental problems. A. something has doneB. has something done C. has something been doneD. something has been done 译文：（只有最近）有些事情（才被做了）对付环境问题。9. The question _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to discussB. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed 译文：在明天会议上（将被讨论的）问题非常重要。10.Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _ last night. A. must rainB. was raining C. must have rainedD. may rain 译文：因为这条路很湿又滑，（昨天晚上肯定）下雨了。 答案解析1. _ , we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus.A. As it being pretty lateB. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty lateD. Being pretty late译文：(时间已晚)，我们决定立即动身，因为我们不想错过这班公交车。讲解：正确答案为B独立主格当伴随的情况中的主语与主句中的主语不一致时，伴随情况中：1.带有逻辑上的主语；2.逻辑主语的谓语部分不同于一般的动词，而使用分词(-ing 或-ed)；3.不要连词。比较Because my mother is sick, I cannot attend the conference.My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference. Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference.My arm injured, I cannot attend the conference.题中原句的意思是： it is pretty late, 用来说明我们为什么要立即动身的理由，有三种办法表达这种意思：1. 用原因状语从句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to 2. 分两句讲： It is pretty late. We decided to 3. 用独立主格： It (指时间) being pretty late, we decided to 误判1：pretty late误认为指的是we，所以选D. Being pretty late. 解：late 如果指人，we are late,此处late的意思是（迟了/ 晚了= 过了应做事情的时间）。既然过了赶车的时间，还去赶车是讲不通的。还要去赶车，说明此处late是时间不早的意思，一般是指很晚（快到黑天）的意思。而讲时间要用主语it, it is late而不是we are late。误判2：选C. It was being late, 解：It was being late是个完整的句子，它和后面的主句之间就形成相对平等的关系，或用句号结束这句话，但题目上给的是逗号。或用连词and把两句连起来，It was being late, and we decided to 但题目上没有and。所以是错的。误判3：选A，As it being pretty late,如用as 应是As it was pretty late.而不是As it being。 2. _ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. As 译文：（曾被认为不可能的事）现在变成现实了。讲解：正确答案为A名词从句名词从句的引导词是”what” ，语序有变化，不同于正常语序。”what”代替了句中某个“事或物”，而这个“事或物”(名词)则被省略。(we once considered “something” as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) （从句作主语）has now become reality。误判 1： 选 B. That 解： that 所引导的从句应是完整的句子，语序正常，如：That everybody has passed the exam is known to all, 而what / who引导的从句等于替换句中的相关成分。如： what we know （我们所知的），what we are now studying（我们所学的）,此处what 代替的的是know，study 的宾语，但没有明确讲是什么。(What you saw yesterday) cannot be found in other places. 你昨天见到的（事 / 东西）在其他地方是见不到的。（what从句作主语）Please dont tell other people about (what you saw yesterday). 你不要告诉别人你昨天见到的（事 / 东西）好吗。（what从句作介词宾语）误判 2：which 引导的是定语从句，as引导的是状语从句，均不可选。 3. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _ going to the party this weekend. A. amB. isC. areD. will 译文：Smith先生，（与他的妻子和孩子一起），本周末要去参加一个聚会。讲解：正确答案为B主谓一致所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词要与主语相一致。这句要求的是动词的单 / 复数要与主语匹配。如下面几种情况：1. 用and 连词是复数： Mary and Larry are 2. 用or, either or, neither nor 时，随or / nor后面的词而定。这被称作就近原则。Neither he nor we are 3. 出现together with 和as well as 的短语时，不要管它,要以主语而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to the movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to . 4. Would you mind _ the computer game in your room? A. him playingB. his playingC. him to playD. him play译文：你在意（他）在你的房间里（玩电脑游戏）吗？讲解：正确答案为BMind 后面的宾语带ing。类似的动词还有： enjoy, cannot help, avoid, give up, keep等。动词的宾语既能用ing形式，也可用不定式 to do的动词还有stop，remember, forget但意思不同。stop to do something停下来去干什么stop doing something 停止干什么remember doing something 记着干过了什么remember to do something 要记住（以后）去干什么，别忘了动词的 -ing形式可带逻辑上的主语: 如his playing football, my opening the window，如： Would you mind my opening the window?I would suggest your not smoking here.它可以用否定形式，not knowing why, not smoking here.Would you mind not smoking here? 5. By next year he _ in New York for five years. A. has workedB. has been working C. worksD. will have worked 译文：（到明年），他就（将）在纽约（住满了）五年了。讲解：正确答案为以介词by 引导的时间，往往用完成时。by 2008, by the end of next year, by then, by the end of 1992等等。将来完成时： 时间信号是by + 将来的时间, 主句中用将来完成时或完成进行时。By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married.By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games.过去完成时： 时间信号是by + 过去时间，主句中用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。By the time when we got there, everything had been sold out.By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college. 6. Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom. A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read 译文：Henry 常常（被人看到）每天早晨在教室里大声（朗读）英文。讲解：正确答案为感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, 在主动语态状况下不定式作宾语补足语时没有to。例：We saw him take everything away from the house.。但在被动语态状况下，不定式 要带to。例：He was seen to take everything away from the house。问题中的句子可还原为 (We) often see him read English aloud every morning in the classroom. 误判：C. reading。感官动词后的不定式不带(to)，同时也可带动词的-ing形式。如：I saw him take everything away from the house yesterday. (见到take的全过程)。I saw him taking everything away from the house yesterday.（见到taking那一刹那）。see somebody do something 与 see somebody doing something 意思上的区别是：一个是do 的全过程，一个是doing的那一瞬间。此句的动作时间是every morning，故，不是一瞬间，所以不是reading，而是read。 7. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well. A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown 译文：（假设热和阳光都没有了）地球上的植物就（将不会生长了）。讲解：正确答案为A虚拟语气 without (假设没有)。如果假设没有某人的帮助，这种假设条件是可能存在的。但是假设没有阳光和热，这种假设就是不真实的假设，应使用非真实条件句（虚拟语气）。虚拟语气的主句中的动词应带would。动词grow：生长应用动词grow,不能用被动语态。8. Only recently _ to deal with the environmental problems. A. something has doneB. has something done C. has something been doneD. something has been done 译文：（只有最近）有些事情（才被做了）对付环境问题。讲解：正确答案为倒装句1. 以only 和not only, but also 开头的句子。Only in this way can we learn English well. （注意：can we learn是个倒装形式）。Not only did they take the desks awayt, but they took the chairs away.(注意but后的正常语序)2. 以否定词no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 开头的句子。No where else can you fin such good quality furniture.Never before have I ever been so happy.9. The question _ at the meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to discussB. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed 译文：在明天会议上（将被讨论的）问题非常重要。讲解：正确答案为C不定式作定语修饰名词1 所谓定语：修饰名词的词或短语叫定语。有的定语在名词的前面，叫前置修饰词，有：形容词，名词，动名词等。如：a happy man, a sleeping boy, a photo copy。但副词，介词短语，分词短语和不定式作定语修饰名词时在被修饰词的后面，叫后置修饰词。如：the car over there （在那儿的那辆车）the man