时态和语态专项复习.doc

时态和语态专项复习(by pigkeeper)总的说来按时间划分可以把时态分为三类：现在时、过去时和将来时。现在时包括：一般现在时（表示现在经常、习惯或总是进行的动作） 现在进行时（表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作） 现在完成时（表示过去的动作一直延续到现在过去的动作对现在产生的影响）过去时包括：一般过去时（表示过去时间中发生的动作） 过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作） 过去完成时（表示过去的过去或在宾语从句中出现的相应变化）将来时包括：一般将来时（表示将来时间内发生的动作） 过去将来时（表示过去情境下将要发生的动作，即过去的动词+将来的时间）时态填空练习主要要分三步走：1. 判断非谓语动词用法,即有无词组to do, do, doing等。 2. 时态（即根据一些标志或情景判断时态） 3. 语态（即根据主谓关系确定是主动还是被动）下面我们就归纳一下各种时态在动词填空的运用：一、 一般现在时1. 结构 +S主动： +V（动词原形）被动： 公式：is/ am/ are +PP(过去分词)2. 标志 Often, usually, always, sometimes, all the time, seldom, never, from time to time, every, twice a week, how often, at times,(in the morning, afternoon, evening)例如：He seldom eats snacks at school. We think of our friends in England from time to time. My father takes the medicine three times a day. The street lights are turned on at 6:00 pm every day. How often is the event held? Every two years. 在after, before, when, until(till), as soon as, every time, if(如果)，unless(除非)，only if( 只要)等时间和条件从句中，用一般现在时来代替将来时。例如：You will feel better after you take this medicine. She will give me a call before she arrives at the train station tomorrow. It wont appear red until the question is answered. He will mark them in red every time the sentences are checked. What shall we do if the rain doesnt stop next Sunday. You wont pass the driving test unless you practice harder. Nothing will be too difficult only if you put your heart into it.记住以下的时态结构： 将来时 as soon as 一般现在时 祈使句 as soon as一般现在时 过去时 as soon as过去时其余的如until, after, before, when, if, unless等同as soon as. 自然现象、客观规律、真理以及普遍常识常用一般现在时.(且不随其他动词的变化而变化) Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. light travels faster than sound through he air. The earth goes around the sun. There are four seasons in a year. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 一般现在时可以表示现在的一种状态，主要是be和连系动词。例如：We are busy now. He looks happy.注意下列情况：1. 感官连系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel摸起来)用一般现在时的主动语态。不用进行时和被动。The clothes made of cotton feel soft.Not all the food _ good is good for our health.A. smelt B. smells C. smelling D. is smelt2. 有时为了表示动作的 先后关系，会用完成时代替一般现在时。（了解）Dont get off the bus until it _(stop). 正确答案：stops / has stoppedYou will get better after you _(take) the medicine. 正确答案：take / have taken3. 有时为了表达喜欢、厌恶等强烈的感情色彩可以用进行时代替现在时。He always tells lies. He is always telling lies.他老是要撒谎。He is often late for school. He is always being late.他老是迟到。4. 不要只看某个标志词，要注意全文的情景。He often _(play) football when he was a school boy._ you sometimes _(get) angry when you were troubled by the noise.练习题：1. You may go out with your friends as soon as your homework_(finish).2. Dont forget to say thank you when you _(give) a present.3. Before _ (send) to study abroad, he will receive a 2-month training.4. Before he _(send) to study abroad, he will receive a 2-month training.5. Mr Smith told us he _(miss) his students from time to time.6. You are sure to succeed at last only if you _(not give) it up.7. I will certainly be glad to go if I _(invite) to the party.8. Listen! How wonderful the piece of music _(sound)!9. Now matter what_(happen) in the future, I will be always with you.10. What if it _(rain) tomorrow? But no one knows if it_(rain) tomorrow.二、 现在进行时1. 结构：is / am / are +doing2. 标志：now=right now=at the moment=at present, its two oclock in the afternoon, look, listen., these days3暗示：通过对话提示现在的场景。且能翻译成“正在”例如：1. Dont make any noise, the baby is sleeping. 2. Where is your mum? She is cooking in the kitchen. 3. I cant count the monkeys because they are running all the time. 4. Please wait a minute, I am answering a phone.注意：1. 表示一个动态的过程也可以用现在进行时来表示： The number is getting smaller and smaller. Science is developing so fast. Im getting fat. 2. 不要被某一个标志所迷惑误导。尤其是那些终止性动词。 Dont make any noise. The baby has fallen asleep.三、 现在完成时 主动：have / has +PP(过去分词)结构：现在完成时 被动 have / has been +PP(过去分词)标志： for+时间，since, just, already, recently, in recent years, ever, never, yet, so far, by now, up till now, in the past ten years, over the years, during the last two weeks, before The Greens have lived in China for five years.(到现在5年) A lot of money has been raised since the charity was set up. So far no man has travelled farther than the moon. Great changes have taken place in this town in the last few years. We have never heard of that before. Has the plane taken off yet? Yes, It took off just five minutes ago. Its my second time I have visited Wuxi.(“到现在为止”第二次) Its the most exciting football match I have ever watched.(到现在为止) 没有具体的 时间，但能加上“到现在为止已经” The Train has left. We have learned over 1000 English words. 过去的动作对现在的影响，强调现在留下的后果。 I cant open he door. I have lost my key. I wont go to see the film. I have seen it twice. The floor is so clean. Who has swept it.注意事项：1. 现在完成时不能和过去的时间和地点连用。 We have already seen the film last week.(错) We already saw the film last week.(对) - Have you ever been to Beijing? - Yes, We _(stay) there for nearly 2 weeks last summer. 正确答案是：stayed. 不能被for nearly 2 years 迷惑。 -Have you finished your homework? -Yes, I did it at school. 2. 现在完成时可以和任何动词连用(包括终止性的动词)，但终止性动词不能和for, since， how long等时间状语连用。例： The old man has died.(对) The old man has died for two years.(错) 3. 现在完成时只能用于现在的情景或对现在的影响，注意体会是否为“到现在为止”。 These old soldiers were so excited to see each other last Friday. They _(not see) each other for many years. They didnt go to the film because they _(see) it twice. He told me he_(teach) in this school since he came here.5. 注意since的时态结构： 现在完成时 since 一般过去时（主动 / 被动）四、 一般过去时结构：一般过去时： 主动：过去式 (V+ed) 被动：was / were +PP (过去分词)标志： yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday evening, last night, last week, last, ago, just now, a moment ago, in the past, and(but)等。 例如：The doctor performed two operations yesterday afternoon. He was often laughed at in the past. My sister received a letter two days ago. Last week, he was asked to leave the office because of the accident. 在as soon as, until, before, after 等引导的时间状语结构中。 一般过去时 as soon as / until 一般过去时 The old woman was operated on as soon as she was sent to hospital. He didnt go to bed until the homework was finished. He felt better after the medicine was taken.五、 过去进行时结构：was / were + doing标志： 过去的某一时刻（过去的几点钟） The Greens were watching TV at 8:00 last night. Our teacher was preparing his lessons at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. I was visiting a friend at 7:00 last Friday evening. 过去的某段时间（过去的几点到几点） Class 3 were doing the cleaning from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm yesterday. What was your mother doing between six and nine last night. 在when结构中(当， 某人正在) Mother was cooking when I got home. The earth started to shake when we were having an English class. Father was reading a newspaper when I was doing my homework. Kitty screamed when she suddenly saw a snake. 注意：在这一结构中用进行时还是过去时取决于动作的长短。 在while结构中（注意while一定要接延续性动词） While + 现在进行 / 过去进行 Dont trouble me while I am working. Someone knocked at the door while I was having dinner. 在一些特定的时间状语中：（at） this time yesterday, at that moment, at that time(then)We were chatting online this time last weekend.I was waiting for the bus at that moment. 通过语境的暗示（省略了at that time 或 when） -I nearly hit a boy last night. - Really? Maybe you were driving too fast. -Why didnt you open the door earlier? - But I was taking a bath, how could I? -Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday? - Sorry, I was learning to drive. Well have a driving test this Friday. -Sorry, Ann, I didnt answer you phone just now, I was listening to a speech. - Not at all.练习题：1. A: _ the rain _(stop) yet? B: Yes A: When _ it _ (stop)? B: Ive no idea.2. Everyone except the twins seldom_(take) exercise in the morning.3. Where is your father? He _(leave) for Hainan island4. Nobody _(believe) you if you are always telling lies.5. We wont start until we are told to.6. Do you know that a lot of water _(waste) in our town every day . Yes , its really a serious problem .7. “ Made in China”_(see) on many things even in America. 8. What a beautiful fridge !How long _ you _(have) it ? For only two months .It _(buy) on my last birthday . 9. Does anybody know if we _(have) another test next week?10. Where were you when I came to see you? I_(discuss) a project with some of my classmates.11. Mr li is probably the most forgetful person that I _(know).12. I _(see) it happen when I_(ride) past the park. Yesterday.13. If I _(give) another chance, I will do it better.14. A number of swimmers _(kill) in water because of not being careful this year.15. _ your family_(watch) the news of Yushu earthquake at 7:00 last night. 16. -When will you come to see me, Dad?-I will go to see you when you _ (finish) the training course next month.17. He was involved in the murder(凶杀案) because no one knew what he _(do) at this time of that day.18. We did a lot of research before the conclusion _(draw).19. How unlucky he was _ (fall) off the bike yesterday!20. The trainers my mum bought for me last Sunday _(feel) very comfortable.六、 过去完成时结构： had + PP (过去分词)标志： 到过去某一时间为止 by yesterday, by last term, by the end of last month We had finished half of the work by last Friday. The homeless boy ate a lot yesterday. He hadnt eaten anything for days.(隐含了by yesterday) 过去式 完成时的标志 He said he had lived there for 20 years(过去) （完成时） He told us he had worked in the factory since he left school. 过去时 before He said they had come to Wuxi two years before. 完成时标志 before从句 They had lived here for 10 years before they moved to the new flats. 在when结构中，表示“当时，某人已经” When we arrived home, the rain had stopped. （后） （先） I had finished my homework when my parents came back. The baby had fallen asleep when we returned. After he had taken some medicine, he felt better.注意：在when 结构中会出现多种变化 We _(tell) him about it when he comes back. We_(listen) to music when he came back. The plane_(take) off when we arrived at the airport.七、 一般将来时结构： 主动：will + V (动词原形) / is (am. are) going to + V (动词原形) 被动：will be + PP (过去分词) / is(am, are) going to be + V （动词原形）标志： tomorrow, this evening, tonight, in two days (weeks, years), soon, how soon, some day (one day) ,sooner or later, you wait and see, or(否则)+将来时，next, hope + 将来时， Promise +将来时， and / then you will No one knows what _ (happen) in 100 years. I _ (be ) fourteen years old next year. Hurry up, or you _(miss) the bus. Could you tell me how soon the meeting _ (end)? My aunt promises that she _ (buy) me an Ipad. Try it more times, and you _ (pass) the level. Look at the clouds! It seems that it_ (rain). _ Wangdong_ (join) us in the next match? Im afraid he isnt. He was badly hurt in the last match. 在时间和条件状语从句的主句中 将来时 as soon as 一般现在时 Until If Before / after / when / while I will give you a call as soon as I arrive. She will phone me before he comes to Wuxi.注意：1. 在确定完将来时后，需仔细检查是否有限制，从而确定用will或 be going to 2. 在以下句式中通常用shall Shall we meet at the gate tomorrow? Shall I go with you now? When shall we start this afternoon?八、 过去将来时结构： would + V (动词原形) / was (were) going to + V (动词原形)标志： 过去式 将来的标志 Uncle Peter promised that he would give me a big surprise. He told me he would return the next week. It se