英语语法讲义.doc

英语语法讲义 词法 第一讲：名词， Part One: 名词考点： 名词的数，名词的所有格 ， 名词作定语， 名词与冠词。I. 名词的分类： 1.专有名词： 2.普通名词： 可数： 不可数：II.永远不可数的名词： advice fun information chocolate knowledge progress luggage/baggage furnitureIII.即可数又不可数的名词: room word experience shock danger success failure work difficulty honour surprise pleasure equipment IV. 加s不加s意思不一样 sand manner work wood time drinks arm glass regard V.特殊的复数1. 以f结尾：belief cliff roof gulf serf chief handkerchief proof 2 .以o结尾：photo piano kilo radio zoo 3. 只有复数：cattle people clothes police 4.集体名词： class government team army committee group company family 5.单复数同型：sheep deer aircraft spacecraft means species series 6.有关man和woman: a woman teacher -two women teachers ,a man cooktwo men cooks 7.主干词加s: brother-in-law comrade-in-arm story-teller looker-on passer-by 8.无主干词在最后加： grown-up go-between forget-me-notVI.名词的格： 1.s所有格的用法: 2.国家，城市的所有格： 3.时间，距离的所有格： 4. else 的所有格： 5.of 的所有格用法： 6.名词做定语：VII.过关测试：1. It is bad _to speak with your month full of food.A. manner B way C .manners D. thing 2.I cant say which is better-its a(n)_of personal taste.A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety 3.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _and weakness . A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values4.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the childrens_. A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place P1.5.Always read the _carefully on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions6._came _the president himself would inspect our school next week. A. Word/that B. Word/which C. A word /that D. Word ,what 7.How far is it ? It is _from here. A. a twenty minutes walk B. a twenty-minutes walk C. a twenty minutes walk D .twenty minutes walk 8He is a man of _and he has lot of interesting _in his life.A. much experience /experiences B. much experience /experienceB. many experience /experience D. many experiences/ experience9 .China has _of more than 1.2 billion. A. much population B. the population C. a little population D. a large population of 10. Classification is a useful _to the organization0f knowledge in any field .A. manner B. means C. way D. approach 11. Schoolmaster is offering a _to whoever can give some information about the problem. .A. money B. reward C. prize D. promise 12.He read the passage again and again but fail to make _of it . A. meaning B. understanding C. view D. sense 13.No one is allowed to have the _to use the office computer to plays games. A. power B. privilege C. ability D. right 14.The meeting was _.Most people were for our plan. A. succeed B. successfully C. success D. a success15.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. A. wealth/work B. wealth /works C wealths /work D. wealth / works 答案：15 B 6-10.ACADD 1115. BDBDD 名词及主谓一致Part one.1. You will find this map of _in helping you to get round the city.A.source B. sense C. favour D. value.2. Do you have any _of what life would be like if we lived on other planets.B.plan . B. idea C. impression. D. imagination.3. Always read the _on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.C.explanations B. instructions C. descriptions. D.instructions.4. The _on his face told me that he was angry .D.impression B. sight C. appearance. D. expression5. At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics.E.approaches B. means C. methods D. ways.6. School children must be taught how to with dangerous _.F.states B. conditions. C. situations D .positions.7. You are always full of _.Can you tell me the secret?-Taking plenty of exercise every day .G.power B. strength C. force D. energy8. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_.H.bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges 9. H and his wife are of the same _:they both want their son to go to college .I.soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind .10. I cant say which wine is better ?It is a(n)_of personal taste.J.affair B. event C. matter D. variety.11. The _shoes were covered with mud ,so I asked them to take them off before they got into _.car.K.girls/Toms girls/Toms C. girls /Toms Dgirlss /Toms12. James took the magazine off the little table to make _for the television.L.room B. area C. field D. position.13. All the _have three _each.M.hero, photo B .heros, photos C . heroes , photos D.heroes ,photos.14. Genenrally speaking ,the _wages should be 10 percent higher than the _N.teachers/officials B.teachers/that of officials.C.teachers/officials D.teachers?officials.15. I dont like him to know that I dont want to be with him.,but he never gets the _.O.message B. news C. information D. word.Part Two : 1.-Henry has been teaching English in Beijing University for many years. -Its no _he can speak Chinese so wellA. matter B. doubt C. problem D. wonder 2._is not a long way to walk . A.Three milesdistance B. Three miles distance C.Three-mile-distance D.Three-miles distance3.I am serious .Dont regard it as a _. A. pleasure B. joke C. fool D. fun.4.Before we moved into the new house ,we bought many _.A. furniture B. furnitures C. pieces of furniture D. furniture pieces.5 .What _it is to jump into the water to swim in the hot weather . A. a fun B. funs C. the funs D. fun.6.In this strange village ,there are many small flags on the _.A.roof. B. roofs C. rooves D.foofes7.When I gave up work I shall take a long sea _. A. trip B. travel C. journey D. voyage.8.In that country ,there are two glass _and one chemical _. A .work s /works B. work /works C, factories ,work D.work,work9.Although Tan Weiwei began her _by singing in a local bar, she is now a famous star. A. employment B. profession C. occupation D.career10.It was reported that the problem had been settled without much _. A.affect B. affair C. effect D. effort11.These trousers dont fit me well. Would you please show me another _. A. set B. pair C. piece Done 12.He has spent a large _of money on his new house . A. deal B. number C. amount D. piece.13.Our _protects us from the cold. A.dress B. clothing C. clothes D. cloth.14.I should like to try that coat on, for I dont know if it is my _. A. shape B. model C. design D. size.15.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English exam ,so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire. Part Three.1. The mananger entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets_.A.was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked ,2. Every possible means _to prevent the air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear.B.is used B. are used C. has been used D.have been used.3 .He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholar for three years.A.is B.are C. have been D. has been4 As a result of destroying the forest a large _of desert _covered with the landA .numbers/has B.quantity /has C. number/have quantity/have5. The teacher ,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 6. On top of the books _the photo album you are looking for. A. is B. are C. has D have 7. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. have8.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _used regularly. A. is B. are C was D. were.9 The population of Jiangsu _to more than twice what it was in 1949. A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing 10. Either you orr one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow . A. are B. is C. have D.be .11.A survey of the opinions of experts_ _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for oens health. A. show/are B. shows/is C.show/is D.shows/are12. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _rising steadily since 1990.A.is B. are C. has been D. have been 13.-Is everyone here? -Not yet-look,there _the rest of our guests. A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming 14.It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built.15. Buying clothes _a hard job because the clothes a person likes _not very offen fit him.A. are, do B. is ,does C. are ,does D. is ,do Part Four1. He is the only one of the students who _abroad.A.have gone B. has gone C. are going D. is going to 2. Do you know the singer and dancer who _at the gate?B.is standing B. are standing C. is stand D. standing3. Mike ,what did our monitor say just now ?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _to visit the musem _asked to at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning .C.is ,is B. are, are C. is ,are D. are, is 4. The city government is planning to build a new factory to deal with rubbish, but when and where to start _.D.hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided5. _either of your parents come to see you recently?E.Have B.Had C. Has D. Is 6. They both have some friends ,but his _more active .F.is B. will be C. was D. are7. Dou you think fifty dollars _enough for a chair? I dont have much money with me . A. is B. are c. has D. have 8. Films , _the one you told me about yesterday or one that will be on ,_not worth seeing .G.including ,is B. as well as ,are C. besides ,is D. such as, are 9. More than one student ,along with some parents, _quizzed for information on the reference book so far. A was B. were C. have been D. has been10. What the science teacher does and say _of great importance to college students. A. was B. are C. is D. were11A large _of money is spent on the Hope Project and a good many schools _set up.A. amount ,has been B. amount ,have been C.number ,has been D. deal, have been12.Lage quantities of information ,as well as some timely help _since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C. have been offered D. is offered.13.To play basketball and to go swimming _good for character training. A. was B. is C. are D. were.14.Nowdays a large number of women ,especially those from the countryside ,_in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 15.Chairman Mao”s works _published. A. has been B. have been .was D. is .15 DBBDA 610 CDBDC 1115 CACAA 15 DABCD 610 BDADD 11-15 BCCDB15 BCABA 610ABDAB 1115 BCADC15 BADAC 610DADDB 1115BCCCB第二讲: 冠词考点：冠词的基本用法。冠词的种类：定冠词和不定冠词I. 定冠词的用法：1. 定冠词可用在单数可数名词，复数名词和不可数名词前，表特指。2. 独一无二的名词前：3. 方位名词：4. 谈话双方都知道的人和物：5. 上文提到的名词。6. 用在短语或从句修饰的名词前：7. 用在形容词最高级或序数词前：8. 江河湖海洋山脉群岛海湾海峡沙漠名词前：9. 用在形容词前表一类人：10. 用在姓的复数前表一家人：11. 用在乐器名词前：12. 用在计算单位名词前：13.用在单数名词前表一类人：II. 不定冠词的用法：1用在单数可数名词前，表示一2. 笼统指某人和某物（名词带有描绘性修饰语，仅把意义范围缩小）。 P23. 用在姓名前或Mr.Mrs Miss MS +姓氏前，表示某一位：4. a 和one 区别：5. a（an）+序数词表“又一，再一”III. 零冠词： 1物质名次，抽象名词或复数名词用于一般意义： 2.by +交通工具 3.学科名词，球类，棋类，疾病通常不加 4.普通名词 +/as(though) 5/turn +名词III. 过关测试：1. None but _were expected. .A. brave B. a brave C braves D. the brave 2. -What did you think of _president?-I didnt care for him at first, but after _time I got to like him .A. the,/ a B. a/ the C. the /the D. / a3. Many _scientist wants to be _second Newton. A. a/the B. a/a C. / a D. / the 4.At noon we reach _small village _east of the town. A. the/ the B. a/ the C. a/ x D. a/ an5 Apples usually sold by _weight and eggs are sometimes sold by _dozen. A. the ,the B. x, a C. x, the D. the ,a 6.-I find _German grammar very difficult. -I agree. Though _grammar is poor ,you pronounce very well.A. x,your B. x/x C. the /you D. the/ the 7.When you finish reading the book ,you will have _better understanding of _life. A. a/the B. the/a C. the /x D. a/x8.In _China of today, _computer is no longer _rare thing . A .the. a/a B. x/x/the C. x/the/a D. the/x/the9.They say that _ Japanese language is particularly difficult for _European. A. the/an B. a/a C. the/a D. a/the 10.About 1979,he went to _high school and began to study _law by himself. A. a/the B. x/the C. x/x D .x/a11.The man rushed into the room ,seized tom by _collar and hit him in _face. A. the/the B. his/his C. the/his D. his /the 12.Wuhan,_capital city of Hubei province ,is on _Changjiang River. A .the/x B. x/x C .x/the D. the/the 13.People all over the world celebrate _New Years Day and people in China celebrate _Spring Festival as well. A. the/x B. x/the C. x/x D. the/the 14.Wouldnt it _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another ? A. a/x B. the/x C. a/the D. the/the 15.Nobody knows who invented _wheel. which is _most useful invention in _history. A.a/the/x Bx./the/x C. the/a/x D.a/a/the答案：1-5：DABCA 610 ADACC 11-15 ADBACPart Two:1. When you finish reading the book, you will have _better understanding of _ life. A: a; the B: the; a C: /; the D: a; /2. For a long time they walked without saying _word . Jim was the first to break _silence.A: the ; a B: a ; the C: a ; / D: the ; /3. It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen.A: a the B: a; a C: the ; a D: / ; / 4. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A: / ; / B: the ; / C: the ; the D: a ; the 5. How about taking _short break? I want to make _ call.A: the ; a B: a ; the C: the ; the D: a ; a 6. Have you heard _news? The price of _petrol is going up again!A: the , the B: / , the C: the . / D: / , /7. In _ United States, there is always _flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A: a ; the B: the ; a C: the : the D: a ; a 8. The biggest whale is _blue whale , which grows to be about 29 meters long the height of _ 9-story building.A: the ; the B: a; a C: a; the D: the ; a 9. Some people fear that _air polluted may bring about changes in _weather around the world.A: / ; the B: the ; / C: an ; the D: the ; a 10. I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _rough idea of _ project plan.A: the ; a B: / ; a C: the ; / D: a ; the 11. He left word with his secretary that she should keep it _ secret for _moment.A: the ; the B: the ; a C: a; / D: a ; the 12. In _old society many women died from _cruel and improper customA: an; a B: / ; the c: the ; a D: the ; /13. First impressions are the most lasting . After all, you never get _second chance to make _first impression.A: a; the B: the ; the c: a; a D: the ; a 15 DBBCD 6-10 CBBBD 11-13 DBC P3第三讲: 代词考点：不定代词的区别，指示代词的替代，代词所运用的语境和代词所含的逻辑关系：代词的种类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，疑问代词，不定代词1. 人称代词的并列顺序：2. it的用法：形式主语，形式谓语，强调结构，在心理活动动词like, love , hate ,appreciate ,help等后面，3. 反身代词的意思和词组：Teach oneself , enjoy oneself , help oneself ,make oneself at home ,for oneself , of oneself ,by oneself ,in oneself 4. 相互代词：each other ,one another 5. 指示代词 this 和that 用来指代上下文叙述的事情。6. that /those ,one/ones, it/ them 用来代替。7. 疑问代词或连接代词或关系代词：what 和which8. 不定代词：（1） every , some , any ,no +（2） both和all（3） some 和any（4） each 和every（5） nothing, none ,no one （6） everyone 和every one （7） neither和either （8） other，the other ,the others ,another (9) 不定代词的完全否定和不完全否定： （10） 关系代词：II：过关测试：1. Alan sold most of his belongs. He has scarcely _left in the house .A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something 2. Tom isnt the tallest boy in the class ,but he is taller than _students. A. any of the B. some C. any other D. some of the boy 3. I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time . A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little 4.-Who called me this morning when I was out ?-A man calling _Robert. A. him B. himself C. his D. X5.These three girls help _to share their studying experience . A. one another B. each other C .one and the other D. one and other6.Canada is larger than _country in Asia. A. any B.