中国文化通览试卷.doc

Quiz 1 (Chapter One)Part One T or F Questions: (10%)1. Chinas ancient civilization originated mainly in the Yellow River Valley and the Yangtze River Valley. ( )2. In Primitive society, three types of regional economyfarming, pasturage and fishing gradually came into existence. ( )3. In the Qin Dynasty, Taoism came into being. ( )4. Buddhism was introduced to China in middle of the Han Dynasties. ( )5. The four great inventions all appeared in Song Dynasty. ( )6. Mencius supposed that every man is kind by nature. ( )7. The Five Classics includes The Book of Songs,Collections of Ancient Texts,The Rites,The Book of Changes and The Book of Analects by Confucius. ( )8. Situated in the continent of Southeast Asia, China is located in relatively enclosed geographical surroundings. ( )9. The unique thinking pattern of the Chinese are the dialectical thinking and the thinking in the mode of Confucian classics study. ( )10. The scroll of painting entitled The Festival of Pure Brightness on the River presented a vivid panorama of the town life in Tang Dynasty. ( )Part Two Blank filling: (30%)1. The culture includes the _ and _ as well as their materialized presentations.2. _,_,_ and _ were regarded as the four greatest classical novels in Chinese culture.3. The mainstream of the ancient Chinese culture was based on the _.4. The structure of the Chinese culture is typical of _.5. The agricultural society, which lasted for several thousand years, with _ _in the leading position, exerted a strong influence on the development of the Chinese culture.6. The realistic life the Chinese were after was to “keep your family in order, govern the state effectively and _”.7. Lao Zis ideal society is _.8.The major productive mode was the natural family economy with the man _ and the woman weaving at home.9. In terms of their worldview and philosophy of life，the Chinese developed a rational nation of seeking for harmony and _ as well as an optimistic sentiment to be content with ones lot.10. The core of the Confucian ideology is _ and _.Part Three Translation of the useful expressions (20%)1. 文化融合，政治统一 2. 劝农抑商3. 吐故纳新4. 炎黄子孙 5. 甲骨文 6. 焚书坑儒7. 消灾祈福 8. 性善论 9. 否极泰来10. 普天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣 Part Four Questions: (40%)1. The roles agriculture played in ancient China. (5%)2. How can the Chinese culture be the only one that has lasted for thousands of years without suspension? (10%)3. Why did Chinese uphold the notion of “oneness of man and nature”? (7%)4. How did Confucianism and Taoism explain “Heaven” respectively? (8%)5. Explain “the golden mean”. (10%)Quiz 1(Key)Part One T or F Questions: (10%)1. T2. T3. F Qin Dynasty 改为Han Dynasty4. T 5. F 改正：Three great inventions (the art of printing, the making of the gunpowder and compass) appeared in Song Dynasty.6. T7. F The Book of Analects by Confucius改为The Spring and Autumn Annals8. F Southeast Asia改为East Asia9. T10. F Tang Dynasty改为Song DynastyPart Two Blank filling: (30%)1. spiritual culture, behavioral culture2. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Heroes of the Marshes, Pilgrimage to the West, A Dream of Red Mansions3. agricultural civilization4. integrated pluralism5. the small-scale peasant economy6. bring peace to the world7. a small state with a small population8. cultivating the land9. maintaining, equilibrium10. propriety, benevolencePart Three Translation of the useful expressions (20%)1. cultural fusion and political unity2. encouraging farming but limiting commerce 3. discarding the old and embracing the new4. the descendants of Yandi and Huangdi5. the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones6. burning books and burying Confucian scholars alive7. averting calamities and praying for blessings8. the theory of original goodness of human nature9. Out of depth of misfortune comes bliss.10. All the land under the sun belongs to the king; all the people within this country are the kings subjects.Part Four Questions: (40%)1. The roles agriculture played in ancient China. (5%)1) Agriculture was fundamental to the development of ancient China. It is instrumental in molding the basic social outlook of ancient China.2) Agriculture shaped the political system and ideology: encouraging farming but limiting commerce. (P3)2. How can the Chinese culture be the only one that has lasted for thousands of years without suspension? (10%)It is attributed to its innate structure of integrated pluralism and essential quality of a self-confident magnanimity.“Pluralism”: the fact that Chinese culture is a blending of so many different cultures and cultures from extraneous places.“Integrated”: various cultures melt into a unity, forming a distinctly Chinese culture with common values.With the ability to discard the old and embrace the new, the Chinese culture can absorb foreign cultures constantly and has survived all kinds of ordeals and turmoil. (P4)3. Why did Chinese uphold the notion of “oneness of man and nature”? (7%)Because the agricultural production relied heavily on the blessing of nature; therefore the premise of its success lay in complying with farming seasons and having favorable weather; hence emerged the initial idea of harmony of man with nature, which emphasized the harmony and the inseparable relationship between man and nature. (P13) 4. How did Confucianism and Taoism explain “Heaven” respectively? (8%)In Confucianism, Heaven means the moralization of personality, indicating sublime morality and spirit. Confucianism stresses moral cultivation. In Taoism, it means the naturalization of personality, a pristine and natural spirit in its original state. Taoism returns to the nature. (P13)5. Explain “the golden mean”. (10%)1) Zhongyong or the golden mean is composed of two Chinese characters. Zhong means neither too many nor too few, neither too much nor too little; yong means neither outstanding nor common. In other words, whatever you do and whomever you happen to deal with, you should always adhere to this principle. (P97)2) The golden mean is a methodology. It stresses the unity of opposites(矛盾的对立统一), like that of benevolence and rites in politics, poverty and wealth in economy, righteousness and interests in ethics, teaching and learning as well as learning and thinking in education, moral integrity and ability, polish and substance as well as force and grace in the molding of personality. It attempts to seek a relative equilibrium between two contradictory sides. It is for the impartial(不偏不倚) and mild but against the extreme. (P13)Quiz 2 (Chapter Five)Part One T or F Questions: (20%)1. The Book of Poetry is compiled by Confucius. ( )2. The Book of Rites mainly discusses the principles of conduct of the scholar-bureaucrats. ( )3. The Book of History is the source of narrative writing in China. ( )4. Kun Opera was gradually on the wane because it was only enjoyed by the nobles in the royal court, not the general public. ( )5. According to The Doctrine of the Mean, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and propriety are all parts of human nature. ( )6. While Confucius advocated “killing oneself for yi”, Mencius encouraged “killing oneself for ren”. ( )7. The Confucian Analects is a collection of the saying and teachings of Confucius. ( )8. The Doctrine of the Mean is another essay in The Book of Rites, which is about the Confucian Philosophy of life. ( )9. Of all types of the traditional Chinese paintings, figure painting has the most cognitive and instructive significance. ( )10. Traditional Chinese flower-and-bird painting embodies the aesthetic relationship between the Chinese people and natural being. ( )11. Landscape painting is the earliest kind of traditional Chinese painting. ( )12. Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan of the Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty are collectively known as the “Four Great Masters of the Regular Script”. ( )13. Chinese calligraphy has five major scripts. ( )14. Traditional Chinese figure paintings are divided into four major categories: gongbi, xieyi, baimiao, pomo. ( )15. The Four Books refers to The Great Learning, The Doctrine of The Mean, The Confucian Analects and The Works of Mencius. ( )16. The Spring and Autumn Annals is a canonical book of history . ( )17. The Book of History is a complete collection of the history ancient China. ( )18. Yi Ching is a book used for the interpretation of Yi Zhuan. ( )19. The Doctrine of the Mean is a sister chapter to The Great Learning. ( )20. Artistic conception is the soul of traditional Chinese landscape painting . ( )Part Two Blank filling: (40%)1. The First major collection of Chinese poems is _.2. The core of ren is “_” or “_”.3. Calligraphy is known for its beautiful shape, _ and artistic conception.4. XiYin can be classified into official seals and _.5. According to the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, while The Great Learning is _, The Doctrine of the Mean teaches _.6. The Four Treasures of the Study are _, ink-stick, paper and_.7. Seal cutting, though based on_, is a comparatively independent traditional art form.8. The Great Learning is about the_ and the wisdoms of _ during the “daxue” period of ancient China.9. Subjects as plums, _, bamboo and _ became very popular among the literati painters.10. The Book of Rites includes Yi Li, Zhou Li and _.11. According to the performance style, Beijing Opera can be divided into _, which are characterized by singing and acting, and “martial” ones, which feature acrobatics and stunts.12. Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean being without _. 13. The Four Books and The Five Classics are a must for ancient scholars who had to pass the _ to become government officials .14. Yi Zhuan puts forward an _, regarding taiji or the Supreme Ultimate as the “primary beginning” or the origin of everything in this world . 15. Yi is _ under the guidance of ren.Part Three Translation (30%)Section A: Translation of the useful expressions (20%)1. 祭歌 2. 东方思维模式 3. 恻隐之心，人皆有之 4. 霸王别姬 5. 脸谱 6. 闲情逸致的仕女7. 仁者乐山，智者乐水 8. 寄物言志 9. 楷书 10. 文化代码 Section B: Translation of the following paragraph (10%)京剧是一门高雅的古典艺术，是中华民族文化的瑰宝，是中国的国粹。京剧艺术的历史悠久，源远流长，内容丰厚，形式完美，风格独特，直至今天，仍能令无数中外观众为之倾倒。京剧剧目丰富多彩，琳琅满目。根据不同标准，从不同的角度，可划分为不同的类型。Part Four Questions: (10%)Explain the concept of ren and yi in The Confucian Analects.Quiz 2 (Key)Part One T or F Questions: (20%)1. F Key：The Book of Poetry is not compiled by Confucius.2. T3. T4. T5. F Key：propriety 改为 love6. F Key：While Confucius advocated “killing oneself for ren”, Mencius encouraged “killing oneself for yi”.7. F Key：Confucius改为Confucius and his disciples.8. T9. T10. T11. F Key：Landscape painting改为Figure painting.12. T13. T14. F Key：four 改为five，pomo后加上jianbi.15. T16. T17. F Key：complete改为incomplete.18. F Key：Yi Ching与Yi Zhuan的位置互换.19. T20. TPart Two Blank filling: (40%)1. The Book of Poetry2. The benevolent love others, universal love3. rich emotion4. private seals5. a gateway to perfect virtue, the ways of the world6. the writing brush, ink-slab7. Chinese calligraphy8. cultivation of ones moral character, governing a country9. orchids, chrysanthemums10. Li Ji11. “civil” pieces12. principles13. imperial competitive examination14. ontological theory15. the codes of conductPart Three Translation (30%)Section A: Translation of the useful expressions (20%)1. sacrificial songs2. oriental mode of thinking 3. All men have natural sympathies.4. Farewell My Concubine5. facial make-up6. leisurely and carefree beauties7. A true man loves the mountains; a wise man loves the sea.8. expressing ideas through certain objects9. Regular Script10. cultural tokensSection B: Translation of the following paragraph (10%)Beijing Opera is a refined classical art. It is a treasure of the Chinese nation as well as a cultural symbol of China. Rich in content, perfect in form and unique in style, Beijing Opera, with a long history, is still enjoyed by a large Chinese audience. There is a long list of Beijing Operas with a wide range of subjects. Beijing Opera can be divided into different types according to different criteria or approaches.Part Four Questions: (10%)(1) Ren or humanity or benevolence is rich in content, and varied in form. The core of the concept is “The benevolent love others” or universal love, which is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble character. Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean being without principles. One should be clear about what to love or hate. Ren is the No.1 principle of being a decent man. It is actually the essence of li and yue. (2) Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. Yi is the codes of conduct under the guidance of ren. Quiz 3 (Chapter Six)Part One T or F Questions: (20%)1. Wushu began to take shape in the struggle of the people against nature. ( )2. The earliest embroidery unearthed so far dates back to the Warring States Period. ( )3. Chinese chess originates from ancient bo and yi games, both of which were intellectual board games widespread during the Qin period. ( )4. It is generally believed that firecrackers developed from fireworks. ( )5. In China, tug-of war originated in the Warring States Period. ( )6. Block-printed Chinese New Year pictures fall into four groups chubby babies, figures of ladies, common customs, and legendary stories. ( )7. Folk spinning and weaving have undergone three important historical phases in their long history of development. Namely, cotton fabric period, silk fabric period and flax fabric period sequentially. ( )8. About 3000 years ago, the dragon dance was performed when people offered sacrifices to Heaven. ( )9. Chinese chess has 16 pieces of chess on each side. ( )10. In many parts of China, paper-cutting skill has become a must for women, old and young, and the symbol of a clever mind and nimble fingers for Chinese ladies as a whole. ( )Part Two Blank filling: (20%)1. The four major schools of embroidery are su, _, yue and xiang.2. From the perspective of techniques, the most representative of Chinas printing and dyeing handiwork are printing and dyeing, _and _. 3. Following the tradition of _ in Chinese culture, the kite artisans or craftsmen in Weifang have invented the “dragon-headed centipede”.4. The Chinese words “tao ci” (ceramics) are the general term for _ and _ together. 5. Paper-cut, a traditional Chinese folk art, takes the scissors or engraving knife as the tool and _ as the material to cut various motifs or patterns. 6. Fireworks are primarily known for _ while firecrackers for loud sound. 7. Lantern show is the major folk activity of _ or yuanxiao Jie. 8. Usually, the shehuo show includes _, horse-riding, lion dances, dragon dances and the land-boat yangge. Part Three Multiple choice (30%)1. When were Chinese kites introduced to Korea, Japan, Malaysia and some other countries before they were brought to Europe and America? A. after the Tang Dynasty B. after the Ming Dynasty C. after the Qing Dynasty D. after the Song Dynasty2. Nowadays paper-cut artisans fall into two groups. What are they? A. artistic and professional B. simple and amateurC. sophisticated and artistic D. professional and amateur 3. Each clan adopted the image of an animal as its emblem and this became the clans totem. And who adopted the dragon as the totem of his tribe ? A. Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty B. the first emperor in Qin dynastyC. Emperor Huangdi D. Emperor Yandi 4. From the perspective of acting styles, lion dance can be categorized into two types. What are they? A. strong and wild B. gentle and wild C. simple and complex D. quiet and strong5. Five kilns stood out as most prestigious in the Song Dynasty. Which province was Ding Kiln in? A. Zhejiang B. JiangxiC. Hebei D. Henan6. Firecrackers are generally subdivided into three categories, which one below are not included?