怎样写好文章的开头.doc

. 怎样写好文章的开头开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相，它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好，就意味着有了良好的开端，也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done，我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?1. “开门见山”式开头一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money（时间和金钱）” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I dont think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but2. 回忆性开头在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget （永远无法忘记）、 remember （记得）、unforgettable （难以忘怀的）、 exciting（令人激动的）、surprising（令人惊讶的）、sad （难过的）如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.3. 疑问性开头在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees（种树）”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Dont you think planting trees is 再如“Traveling Abroad（出国之旅）”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?4. 倒叙式开头在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves （捉贼）”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. Its a story. 怎样写好文章的结尾文章的结尾没有固定的模式，同学们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般情况下，记叙文和说明文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语，以使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。文章结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。1. 自然结尾，点明主题随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman（帮助警察）”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare（龟兔赛跑）” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。2. 首尾呼应，升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown（我爱家乡）”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.3. 反问结尾，引起深思这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure （学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣）” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can Dont you think learning English is great fun?4. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers（给农民们的一封信）”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers life will be better and better.另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes；I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year；I wish you have a good time等。【网络综合 - 托福考试(TOEFL)英语作文】下文中出现的A，B，“”（某事物）,sb（somebody）, 要在写作中要根据上下文进行适当替换。 开头： When it comes to., some think. There is a public debate today that. A is a common way of., but is it a wise one? Recently the problem has been broughtsintosfocus.提出观点： Now there is a growing awareness that. It is time we explore the truth of. Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.进一步提出观点： .but that is the only part of the history. Another equally important aspect is. A is but one of the many effects. Another is. Besides, other reasons are.提出假想例子的方式： Suppose that. Just imagine what would be like if. It is reasonable to expect. It is not surprising that.举普通例子： For example（instance）,. . such as A,B,C and so on （so forth） A good case in point is. A particular example for this is.引用： One of the greatest early writers said . Knowledge is power, such is the remark of . . That is how sb comment （ criticize/ praise.）. . How often we hear such words like there.讲故事（先说故事主体），this story is not rare ., such dilemma we often meet in daily life ., the story still has a realistic significance.提出原因： There are many reasons for. Why ., for one thing,. The answer to this problem involves many factors. Any discussion about this problem would inevid the truth of., it is also important to see. A study of . will make this point clear让步： Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as. I do not deny that A has its own merits.结尾： From what has been discussed above, we may safely drawthe conclusion that. In summary, it is wiser. In short.模板（1）Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you preferA or B？ （1） No doubt， I choose A， because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages. But B on the other hand， has advantages no more than its disadvantages.The most important benefit of A is that_.To achieve the same effect， B will_.Another benefit of A， which B almost cannot achieve， is that_.Although B also has its seemingly profound advantages， it can only be achieved conditionally because_.After understanding the reasoning above， it is quite safe now to say： to choose A is a wise action.（2）Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others， however， contradict A. Personally， I would prefer_ because I think A has more advantages.There are numerous reasons why_， and I would here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that_. It can be given a concrete example_.Another reason why I advocate the attitude of A is that_. Take the case of a thing that_. One very strong argument for A is that_. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that_.Of course， choosing B also has advantages to some extent， _.But if all these factors are complicated， the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that_.新托福综合写作模板（最新）一.A or BDepending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.The main reason for my propensity for A is that_.就理由进行解释_.For instance,_Another reason can be seen by every one is that_.就理由进行解释_For example,_The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as_.In a word, _.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.二. A or B将原题复述_When faced with the decision of A of B, quite a few would deem that_, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The main reason for my propensity fo _is that_The second reason can be seen by every person that_.In addition, these reason are also usable when we consider that_.三. 单一命题式The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying computers is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to _.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The main reason for my propensity for_is that_.Another reason can be seen by every person is that_.Futhermore,_.In short,_复述前文中的理由_.一、开头段开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。开头段的常用核心句型：1.The arguer may be right about, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (takes into account) the fact that2.As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly / generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas / views), I believe (argue) that3.Although many people believe that, I doubt (wonder)whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination).4.The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.5.Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that, it is unlikely to be true that6.There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that7.It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,), but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesnt follow / it doesnt mean / it wont be the case) that8.The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that9.It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that10.In all the discussion and debate over, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected).11.There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that12.Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) whenis taken into consideration(account).13.To assume (suggest) thatis far from being proved (to miss the point).14.A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless /fallacious) it is.15.On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that16.Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to)may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts17.The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that18.What the arguer fails to understand (consider / mention) is that19.However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.20.Among the most convincing (important) reasons given (cited / offered / identified) by people for, one should be stressed (emphasized / mentioned).21.As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that22.I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)23.I agree with the above statement because I believe that24.Although I appreciate that, I cannot agree with the title statement.25.There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of Those who object toargue that. But people who favor, on the other hand, argue that26.Currently (In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is (has been) a(n) general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)27.Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged) that. But I wonder (doubt) whether28.These days we are often told that (often hear about), but is this really the case?二、中间段中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。1、中间段的一般特征 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。 每段有相应的主题句。包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。2.中间段的常用核心句型：1.Although the popular belief is that, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that2.Common sense tells us that3.The increase (change / failure / success) inmainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)4.The increase (change / failure / success) inis due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that5.Many people would claim that6.One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change ) to, butis not by itself an adequate explanation.7.One of the reasons given foris that8.What is also worth noticing is that9.There are many (different / several /a number of / a variety of)causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change / decline / increase) in. First,. Second,. Finally,10.There is no evidence to suggest that11.Why are (is / do / did)？ For one thing,. For another,12.Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that13.It gives rise to (lead to / bring /create) a host of problems (consequences).14.There are numerous reasons why, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.15.It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on16.A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success / failure / development) in17.In 2000, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).18.By comparison with 2002, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).19.It accounts for 15 percent of the total.20.There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.21.By 2002, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (2002) preferred to (liked). 22.With the development (improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization) of, vast changes awaits this countrys society.23.Now people in growing (ever-increasing / significant) numbers are beginning (coming / getting) to believe (realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware) that24.According to a(n) recent (new / official) study (survey / report / poll),25.History (Our society) is filled (abounds) with the examples of26.The story (case / instance / situation) is not rare (isolated / unique), it is one of many examples (typical of dozens).27.A (one) recent (new / general / nationwide) study (survey / poll / investigation) conducted (taken) at a university by (officials / scientists / experts) indicates (reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates) that28.According to (As can be seen in / As is shown in) the figures (statistics / findings / data / graph / table) released (provided) by the government (an institute), it can be learned (seen / predicted) that29.There is (no) good (every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong) evidence (proof) to30.Personal experience (Examples I heard / read of) leads me to conclude that31.We must admit the undeniable fact that32.No one can deny (ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside) the fact that33.Experience (Evidence) suggests (shows) that34.Take for examplewho (that)35.The same is true of36.As the saying goes,“.”三、结尾段结尾段的核心句型：1.From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that2.All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that3.It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of4.It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of5.We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of6.There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of, butmight be useful (helpful / beneficial).7.No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of, but the common (general / public) recognition of(realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) ofmight be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).8.Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to), but the pay-off will be worth the effort.9.Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that10.Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to), it is very likely (the chances are good) that11.There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate / further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of12.It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).13.It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of14.It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)15.It remains to be seen whether, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).16.Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of17.To reverse (check /