作文(GRE 、考研)热点词汇.docx

1.安全问题 (safety)(1)交通 (transportation) automobile汽车 vehicle车辆 bicycle自行车 pedestrian行人 violate/ignore traffic regulations违反/不注意交通规则 highway公路 road accident交通事故 drunk driving酒后驾车 speeding超速 overloading超载(2) 自然灾害 (natural disasters) flood洪水/发洪水 economic losses经济损失 disaster灾难 excessive rainfalls过多的降雨 forest coverage森林覆盖率 soil erosion水土流失 drought干旱 deforestation森林的滥砍滥伐 conservation of water and soil水土保持 Prevention is better than cure.防患于未然2.素质教育 (Faculty/Quality Education)(1)诚信 (Honesty) principle原则 morality道德 sincerity 诚实 the basis for social progress社会进步的基础 national character民族精神 social customs社会传统 dishonesty不诚实，欺骗 corruption腐败 cheat欺骗 demoralization不道德(2) 艰苦朴素 (hardship and simplicity) thrifty节俭 frugal节俭的 saving节约 virtue美德 waste浪费 vice罪恶的 extravagant奢侈的 ashamed of可耻的 developing country发展中国家 dire poverty极端贫困3.价值观 (Value of concept) (1) 学习 (learning) crystallization of human wisdom人类智慧的结晶 well-educated/well-bred有教养的 adapt to the high-tech era适应高科技时代 broaden ones mind开拓视野 Knowledge is the key to success.知识是通向成功的钥匙 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 draw experience from others effort从别人的努力中获得经验 lifelong learning终身学习 a well-educated person受过良好教育的人(2) 工作 (working) teamwork团队(精神) a competent/qualified employee合格的员工 sociable, reliable and confident开朗、诚实、自信 industrious worker勤奋的工人 boost working efficiency提高工作效率 update ones knowledge知识更新 frustration挫折 realization of ones value实现自己的价值 self-confident in the competition在竞争中充满自信 labor pool劳动力市场(3) 家庭 (family) the quality of human life生活质量 a varied life多彩的生活 high standard of marriage高质量婚姻 family harmony家庭和睦 traditional attitudes towards marriage对婚姻的传统观念 divorce rate离婚率 single-parent family单亲家庭 cultivate the common interests培养共同的爱好 sense of responsibility责任感 share the housework分担家务4.举办奥运 (Hosting the Olympics)host Bejing 2008 Olympics主办北京2008年奥运会 boost the national morale提高民族士气 enhance Chinas international prestige提高中国的国际声望 make a green, high-tech and cleaner Olympiad办成一次绿色、科技含量高、干净(公平)的奥运会 much work to be done to solve the problems of pollution and transportation解决污染和交通问题还有很多工作要做 provide the best service to all participants为所有参加者提供最好的服务 make the Games a showcase of our prosperous, powerful and nation通过奥运会展示我们国家的繁荣与强大实力 modernize the infrastructure of Beijing兴建北京现代化的设施 fair play 公平竞争 eliminate stimulant abuse, scandals and racial discrimination.清除滥用兴奋剂、丑闻和种族歧视5.关注弱势群体 (Caring for the disadvantaged)(1)贫苦农民 (poor farmers) poverty and backwardness贫穷落后 hard struggle against poverty挣扎在贫困线上 strive for survival为生存而斗争 per capita income人均收入 lose ones farmland失去耕地 government policy政府决策 anti-poverty program脱贫计划 employ modern farming technology使用现代化的耕种技术 give priority to agriculture农业优先 increase education investment增加教育投入(2) 下岗职工 (laid-off workers) unemployment失业 be displaced/laid off下岗 re-employment再就业 the transition of economy经济转轨 the planned/market economy计划/市场经济 job-oriented project就业培训计划 develop private enterprises发展私营企业 import foreign investment引进外资 export labors劳动力输出 maintain social stability保持社会稳定(3) 孤寡老人 (the aged) the increase of pensioners退休人员增多 the problem of aging老龄化问题 the population of 64 and over64岁和64岁以上的人口 be subjected to a tough test受到严峻的考验 the increase of birthrate and the decrease of the death rate due to the medical progress医疗进步使出生率增加，死亡率下降 the trend has become more and more obvious趋势越来越明显 social security system社会保障制度 increase productivity提高生产率 bring about profound social and economic consequences产生深远的社会和经济影响 make long-term policy制定长远政策6.社会改革 (Social reforms)(1)教育 (education) education form the basis of technological advancement.教育是科技进步的基础 The future of China depends on the education of the young.中国的未来在于对年轻一代的教育 gain/get/obtain/receive formal education受到正规教育 compulsory education义务教育 character education性格教育 promote higher education促进高等教育 vocational education职业教育 Project Hope希望工程 system of education教育体系 diversity of knowledge and skills知识技能多样化(2) 医疗 (medical services/care) medical ethics医德 public heath services公费医疗 medical health services医疗 medical insurance医疗保险 rouse the public awareness of healthcare唤起公众医疗保健意识 medical innovation医疗创新 drug abuse and AIDS毒品与爱滋病 improve medical conditions in the rural areas改善农村的医疗条件 medical reforms医疗改革 medicinal safety用药安全(3)社会保障 (social security) social security system社会保障体系 insurance on medical care, pension and unemployment三险 perfect the social security network完善社会保障体系 improve the living standard提高生活水平 maintain social stability保持社会稳定 increase chances of employment增加就业机会 minimal wages最低工资 vocational training职业教育 legal protection法律保护 social security fund社保基金7.社会问题 (Social problems)(1)耕地减少 (farmland shrinking) farmland losses耕地流失 one of the vital resources for the survival of human beings人类生存的至关重要的资源 irreversible natural resources不可再生的自然资源 statistics show that China has lost 2.27 million acres of good land form 1987 to 2001. 统计表明从1987到2001年，中国已经失去2百27万公顷的优质耕地 Much farmland has been eaten away by apartment blocks, highways and golf courts. 很多耕地被楼盘、公路和高尔夫球场蚕食。 Farmers become landless, jobless and homeless. 农民失去了土地、没有了工作，边得无家可归。 This will ultimately contribute to the expansion of the gap between the poor and the rich.这将最终导致贫富分化的扩大。 Something must be done to stop farmland erosion.必须采取措施制止滥用耕地。 Protecting our limited farmland is a matter of extreme urgent.保护有限的耕地是当务之急。 Farmland shrinking poses a serious threat to the social stability.耕地的减少对社会安定构成威胁。(2) 贫富差距扩大 (widening gap between the rich and the poor) the developed open coastal areas and the underdeveloped west发达的沿海地区和不发达的西部地区 The imbalance of resources and information资源和信息的不平衡 Inequity in educational opportunity教育机会不平等 Most of the extremely poor are living in the countryside.多数极端贫困人口在农村。 Nevertheless, the increase of urban paupers should not be ignored.然而，城市贫民数量的增加也不容忽视。 Reforms must be reinforced to help the poor to better off rapidly.一定要加强改革是贫穷人口迅速富裕起来。 Turn into the better-to-do进入小康 narrow the division between the rich and the poor缩小贫富差距 Education is the best cure for poverty.教育是治愈贫困的良方。8.新新人类与时尚 (The younger generation and fashion)(1)网吧 (net bar) Internet surfing网上冲浪 indulged in electronic games沉溺于电子游戏 lack of self-control缺乏自制力 juvenile delinquency - violence, sex and crime青少年犯罪-暴力、色情和犯罪 fascinating, healthy and educational奇妙的，健康的，有教育意义的 fashionable high-tech fruits时尚的高科技成果 children in the physical and mental growth身体和智力正处在发展阶段的孩子 By sharing games, we compete, cooperate and develop ones social skills通过分享游戏，我们竞争，合作，锻炼了社会技能。 acquire the latest news happening in the world获得全世界正在发生的最新消息 more efficient ways of communication更有效的通讯方式 (2) 超前消费 (premature consumption) economic prosperity经济繁荣 changes in the concept of consumption消费观念的改变 traditional consumption habits传统消费习惯 Most Chinese people are not used of spending borrowed money while living with debt.大多数中国人不习惯借债过日子。 expenditure of housing, medical insurance, retirement pension and education用于在住房、医疗保险、养老保险和教育的开支 The government encourages individual consumption.政府鼓励个人消费。 consume to enjoy the modern comfort消费来享受现代生活的舒适 be moderate in consumption适度消费 the quality of a human life生活质量 get a loan from the bank从银行贷款9.生态环境恶化 (Worsening environment)loss of the water and soil水土流失 deforestation滥砍滥伐 desertification沙漠化 global warming全球变暖 damage of the ozone layer破坏臭氧层 emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere向大气排放二氧化碳 car exhaust汽车尾气 destruction of environment破坏环境 greenhouse effect温室效应 environmental monitoring/protection环境监测/保护 integrated control of environmental pollution环境污染的综合治理 raise the public awareness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识 economic/legal punishment经济/法律制裁10.全球化的利弊 (Advantages and disadvantages of globalization)access to WTO入世 economic globalization全球经济一体化 most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇 have great impact on the domestic market对国内市场产生巨大影响 bring hard-won opportunities带来难得的机遇 expand international trade扩大国际贸易 benefits from tariff cuts从关税降低中获益 do harm to domestic agriculture对国内农业有损害 protect infant industries保护新兴工业 increase competitiveness增加竞争力11.高科技话题 (High-tech)(1)知识经济 (knowledge economy) the high GDP growthGDP高速增长 Science and technology constitute the primary productive force.科技是第一生产力 Boost our economys ascent to a new high使我国的经济迈上一个新台阶。 change our way of living改变我们的生活方式 cope with the economic globalization应对全球经济一体化 take a lead in .领先 promote productivity促进生产力的提高 increase international competitiveness增加国际市场竞争力 transform knowledge into productivity将知识转化成生产力 economic take-off经济腾飞 (2) 科技的两面性 (duality of science and technology) live a modern life with more comfort现代生活更加舒适 technology innovation科技创新 transformation from scientific innovation to application科技创新想应用的转化 Science and technology brings us to an unprecedented era of high living standard.科技将我们带入一个前所未有的高生活水准的时代。 progress of human beings人类的进步 side effect副作用 food safety - additives, genetically modified food食品安全-添加剂、转基因食品 the hazards of nuclear wastes核废料的危险 advancement at the cost of environment以环境为代价的发展 Millions of tons of high-tech garbage such as TVs, automobiles and computers are produced.产生了成百万上千万吨的诸如电视机、汽车和