人教版初一英语第二单元重点知识及练习精讲.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家一：单元基础知识随堂测（名词变复数）parent_; cousin _; this_; dictionary_; he_;watch_; photo_; family_; she_; that_; it_;二:词汇解析1）friend n.友人，朋友如：We are good friends.我们是好朋友。make friends with与交朋友【考例】I dont want to make friends _him.A of B with C for 2) 人称代词 英语中有一类代替具体人名的词叫人称代词。它有一、二、三人称与单数、复数及性别之分。 人称代词列表如下：人称代词Iweyouhesheitthey作主的主格我我们你、你们他她它他们语(1）Whos Kate? 凯特是谁？Shes my friend. 她是我的朋友。(2）Li Lei is a boy. Hes twelve. 李雷是个男孩，他十二岁。（3）Look at that bird. It is Polly.看那只鸟，它是波利。（4）Whos it?（门外有敲门声）谁呀？Its me. 是我。人称代词与be动词的搭配人称完全形式 缩写形式汉语意思第一人称I（单）I am = Im我是we（复）we are = were我们是第二人称youyou are = youre你（你们）是hehe is = hes他是第三sheshe is = shes她是人称itit is= its它是theythey are = theyre他们是he所有格his ；宾格him ；复数they； she 所有格her ；宾格her；复数they it所有格its ；宾格it ；复数they；都属第三人称单数形式的人称代词。在实际应用中，he，she，it及they常用来代替前面所提到的名词。在句子中作主语。he用来代替单数男性，如：a boy，Mr. Wang，Jim等。she用来代替单数女性，如：a girl，Mrs. Wang，Miss Gao，Kate等。it用来代替动物或无生命的事物，如：a cat(猫)，a bird(鸟)，a bike，an orange等。 Jim is a boy. He is English. 吉姆是个男孩。他是英国人。 Who is that girl? She is Kate. 那个女孩是谁？她是凯特。 Look! Thats a car. Its an English car. 瞧!那是辆汽车。是一辆英国汽车。【考例】_is my sister. A He B She C It_is a white cat. A He B She C It_is his brother. A He B She C It_are her family. A He B She C They3)these, those和they的用法:this, that, these和those是指示代词,these这些，是this的复数，是指时间和空间离说话人较近的人或物；those（那些）是that的复数,指时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物，如：These / Those are my / his / her bags. 这些/那些是我的/他的/她的书包。What are these / those? They are books（Theyre books）. 是书。Are these / those maps? Yes, they are. No, they arent. 不是的。these_对应 those【考例】根据句意选择最佳的单词。_is my bed. 这是我的床。 A This B That C It_is Lilys bed.那是莉莉的床。 A This B That C It_pictures are good.这些画很好。 A This B Those C ThoseAre _apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？ A This B Those C Those注意：在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they来代替these或those，以避免重复。如：Are these/those your apples? Yes, they are. No, they are not.【考例】Are these his maps? ( ) A Yes, these are. B Yes, they are. C Yes, those are.Are those her pens? ( ) A Yes, these are. B Yes, they are. C Yes, those are.4)family tree家谱 family为名词家或家庭。若指家庭整体，是单数名词，be 动词用单数形式 is.若指一个家庭里的全体成员，则是复数名词，be 动词用复数形式are。如： My family is small.Her family are very friendly.【考例】This _my family. A is B are C amThese _my family. A is B are C am5)Thanks for=thank you for表示因而感谢,for是介词,后接名词或动词-ing的形式.如 :Thanks for your help. Thank you for helping me. 6)the photo of your family中的of表示 的,它常用来表示无生命类名词的所有关系.如: a map of China 中国地图。 the color of my hat.我帽子的颜色。【考例】翻译以下词组:the photo of your familythe color of his cup.三：语法精讲：一）介绍人和询问人（1）自我介绍，在介绍前可用适当的打招呼用语或问候语。如 Hello /Hi ! My name is Im 当向别人介绍某人时，常用句型。（1）This is That is 用于介绍单个的人。（2）These are Those are 用于介绍两个或两个以上的人。如：These are my grandparents.this与that还可以用于打电话，。询问人时除了用指示代词this，that，these，those外，还可以用人称代词，如she, he, 但要注意答语。 Is this / that .？的回答用it替代this 和that。 如Is this your sister? Yes, it is. 当用人称代词询问人时，回答仍应用人称代词。 如：Is he your brother? Yes, he is. 询问人物时还可用Whos this / that? 句型。回答时主语用it，也可仍用this或that.注意：This is 没有缩写形式，但是that is 可缩写成thats.二）名词的数名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又分为单数和复数。表示一个人或事物的名词用单数；表示两个以上人或事物的名词用复数。单数变复数的变化规则：一般名词后面加-s如：pencilpencils eggeggs以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后面加es如：boxboxes classclasses以辅音字母y结尾的名词，把y变成i，再加es如：storystories citycities以元音字母y结尾的名词，后面直接加s如：daydays boyboys在单数名词后面加-s或-es时，注意发音。发音规则表如下：情况读法例词在ptkf等轻辅音后面smaps，cats，desks以-s，-sh，-s，-ch等结尾izbuses，boxes，classes在lng等和元音音素后面zbeds，girls，trees，days名词的复数还有一些不规则的变化，如：ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese三）be动词的几种形式1肯定式与否定式陈述形式 人称肯定式否定式第一人称单数I am.I am not.第二人称单数You are.You are not.第三人称单数He/She/It is.He/She/It is.各种人称复数We/You/ They are.We/You/They are not.例如：I am a girl. I am not a boy. She is a teacher. She is not a student. You are at school. You are not at school.2疑问式与简略答语第一人称第二人称第三人称单疑问式Am I .Are you.Is he/she/it数简略答语Yes, you are.No, you are not.Yes, I am.No, I am not.Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it is not.复疑问式Are we.?Are you.?Are they.?数简略答语Yes, you are. No, you are not.Yes, we are. No, we are not.Yes, they are.No, they are not.例如：Am I right? Yes ,you are. Are you students? No,we are not.Is she Lily? Yes, she is.3缩略形式肯定式否定式其他Im =I amIm not thats =that isYoure =you are You arent/youre not Whats =what is hes =he is shes =she is its =it ishe/she/it isnt =he/she/its notwhos =who iswheres =where iswherere =where arewere =we are theyre =they arewe/they arent =we/theyre notmy names =my name is四：随堂练习。一）选择填空 1. My_is a teacher. A. parentsB. grandparents C. parent D. fathers2. This is my good _.A. friends B. friendC. sisters D. brothers3. My _ are all teachers.A. friend B. sisterC. grandparents D. mother4. Thanks _your family photos, they are very nice.A. toB. in C. for D. at5._these her hats? No, they _. A. Is, isnt B. Am, are C.Are, isnt D. Are, arent6. Is this _ car ? Yes, Its_ car.A.your, you B.your, my C.his, he D.her,she7. She is a student and _ name is Kate. A.she B.her C.hers D.his 8.Your mothers brother is your _.A.father B.grandfather C.cousin D.uncle 9. Mum, _ my friends, Dale and Helen.A. this isB. they are C. he and sheD. these are10. This _ my sister and those _ my parents.A is, are Bare, is C is, is D am, are2）按要求写出相应的词（10分）1this（反义词）_ 2these（反义词）_ 3it（复数形式）_ 4that（复数形式）_ 5photo（复数形式）_ 6picture（复数形式）_ 7cousin（复数形式）_ 8friend（复数形式）_ 9son（对应词）_10sister（对应词）_3）用am，is，are填空（10分）1Excuse me! _ this your eraser? 2What _ those? _ they birds? 3This _ his ruler. Where _ my ruler? 4I _ in Class Three. _ you in Class Three，too? 5_ these her English books? 6Those _ their apples. Where _ his apples? 7She _ eleven. How old _ that boy? 8He _ my friend. _ your friend a boy or a girl? 9_ those maps? No，they _ not. They _ pictures. 10These _ your bananas. Here you _.课后作业1）翻译下列短语1 那些男孩 2. 这些女孩 3. 家谱 4.她的堂弟 _5.你的朋友 _ 6. a photo of my family _7.your grandparents_ 8.his parents_9.those dictionaries_ 10.my two brothers2）选择填空 1. My_is a teacher. A. parentsB. grandparents C. parent D. fathers2.