东西区对比是听说演稿.doc

London is the capital of the United Kingdom and chief city of the British Commonwealth. With a population of about 7 million and an area of 1,580 sq km, this vast metropolis is by far the largest city in Europe, a distinction it has maintained since the 17th century. In the 19th century it was the largest and most influential city in the world, the center of a large and prosperous overseas empire. Although it no longer ranks among the worlds most populous cities, London is still one of the worlds major financial and cultural capitals. 伦敦是联合王国的首都，也是英联邦的首府。这个有着约700万人口、1580平方公里土地的大都市显然是欧洲最大的城市，自17世纪以来一直保持不变。19世纪的伦敦是世界上最大同时也是最有影响力的城市，它是一个庞大繁荣的海外帝国的中心。今天的伦敦虽然已退出世界人口最多的城市的行列，却依然是世界主要的金融和文化都市之一。 To the west and north of Londons Trafalgar Square is the West End, which is usually regarded as the center of town because it is Londons shopping and entertainment hub. The busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, where famous large department stores are located. Scattered throughout the Soho and Covent Garden sections are foreign restaurants and entertainment attractions, including the Royal Opera House and most of Londons major theaters and movie houses. In the northern part of the West End is Bloomsbury, the citys traditional intellectual center, with its concentration of bookshops and homes of writers and academics. Here, too, are the British Museum and the giant complex of the University of London. 在伦敦特拉法尔加广场的西北面是伦敦的西区，西区是伦敦的购物与娱乐中心，所以通常被视为伦敦的市中心。最繁华的购物区是拥有著名大百货公司的牛津街。在索霍区和科文特加登地段，外国餐馆和娱乐场所四处可见，例如皇家歌剧院以及伦敦大部分的主要剧院和影院。位于西区北部的布卢姆兹伯里区是伦敦传统的知识中心，集聚着许多书店和文人学者的宅第，大英博物馆和伦敦大学的庞大校区也坐落在那里。London is one of the worlds great centers for classical and popular culture. It has enjoyed a reputation for superb theater since the time of Shakespeare in the 16th century. The variety ranges from the majestic Royal National Theatre to the lavish Royal Opera House. The sheer number of symphony orchestras is impressive and includes the London Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra. Some of the most well-known concert halls in the world, such as the Royal Festival Hall, provide favorable venues for the cornucopia of performances in London. 伦敦是世界上古典文化和通俗文化的大中心之一。自16世纪莎士比亚时代起伦敦一直享有拥有一流剧院的美誉，如宏伟的皇家国家剧院和豪华的皇家歌剧院。伦敦拥有数量众多的交响乐团，如伦敦交响乐团、皇家爱乐乐团和英格兰室内乐团。伦敦有一些世界上最负盛名的音乐厅，如皇家节日厅，为伦敦各类音乐演出提供了良好的场所。 London itself is a living museum, with more than 2000 years of history and culture. But it also boasts one of the greatest concentrations of significant museums (more than 100) of any city in the world. The jewel in this cultural crown is the British Museum, with 4 km of galleries and more than 4 million exhibits. The Victoria and Albert Museum displays an important and varied collection of applied arts. Across the street are the Natural History Museum with its dinosaurs, and the Science Museum, which includes a renowned section on the history of medicine. The Museum of London effectively introduces visitors to Londons history by walking them through successive eras chronologically. 虽然有着两千年历史和文化的伦敦自身就是一座活生生的博物馆，它却集中了一个庞大的博物馆群，数量超过100个，为世界其他城市所少见。大英博物馆是镶刻在这顶文化皇冠上的一颗宝石，拥有4公里长的展廊和400万余件展品。维多利亚及艾伯特博物馆展出的是不同类型的名贵实用艺术品。街对面是拥有恐龙展品的自然博物馆，以及有着名闻遐迩的医药发展史馆的科学博物馆。进入伦敦博物馆的参观者可以通过伦敦各个发展阶段的演变来了解这座城市的历史。 London is a major repository of the greatest Western art and a creative center for contemporary artists. The National Gallery on Trafalgar Square contains Britains premier art collection, with holdings from every major European art school. Next door is the National Portrait Gallery, with thousands of striking portraits of Britons. The Tate Gallery contains the principal collection of British art and modern international art. 伦敦是西方艺术精华的一个主要陈列馆，也是当代画家的创作后中心。坐落在特拉法尔加广场上的国家美术馆收藏了英国最重要的美术作品，作品代表着欧洲的每个主要流派。与国家美术馆为邻的国家肖像陈列馆陈列着数以千计的不列颠人逼真的肖像。泰特美术馆除了拥有一大批国内美术作品外，还收藏了许多现代国际美术作品。The East End came into being as the separate villages east of London spread and the fields between them were built upon, a process that occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. From the beginning, the East End has always contained some of the poorest areas of London. 东区是各个村庄蔓延伦敦东部和领域都建立在他们之间，在第十八年底和第十九世纪早期发生过程。从一开始，东部一直有一些伦敦最贫穷的地区。 The East End of London, in strong contrast to the prosperous West End, has frequently been characterized by slums, poverty, and crime. The East End grew with the spread of industries to the east of the City. It is especially famous as the center of the clothing industry in London. Petticoat market takes place every Sunday morning and has become one of the beautiful sights of London. 与西区的繁华形成鲜明对比是伦敦东区，常以贫民窟、贫穷和犯罪的形象出现。东区的形成是工业向伦敦城以东地区延伸的产物。这里是伦敦的服装中心。每星期天上午的裙子巷市场，已成为伦敦的一道亮丽的风景线。Many East Enders are Cockneys(伦敦东区佬). They were characterized in culture as often shiftless（懒惰的）, untrustworthy（不可信的） and responsible for their own poverty. However, many East Enders worked in lowly but respectable occupations such as carters, porters and costermongers（小贩）.The Cockney accent（东区口音） has suffered a long decline, beginning with the introduction in the 20th century of received pronunciation(标准发音）, and the more recent adoption of Estuary English（港湾英语）, which itself contains many features of Cockney English. 伦敦东区口音（东区口音）遭受了长期的下降趋势，从在发音第二十世纪的介绍（标准发音），和河口英语最近收养（港湾英语），它本身包含许多功能的伦敦英语。The East End contains the Port of London, which historically is where many immigrants first arrived. Waves of French, Belgians, Jews, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis have all lived here. This makes the area very diverse, but also quite poor. It has a reputation as being dangerous. Since London won the bid to hold the Olympics in 2012, many Londoners hope that housing, education and employment for many people in this area will improve. 伦敦东区有伦敦港，在历史上，它曾经是移民最先到达的地方。当年，法国人、比利时人、犹太教徒、巴基斯坦人和孟加拉国人蜂拥而至，都曾居住在此。这些移民给这个地区带来了丰富多彩的文化，同时，也使之更贫穷。这个区声名很差，被看作是危险之地。由于伦敦成功申请到了2012年奥运会的举办权，很多伦敦人希望这个区的住房、教育和工作机会能够得到改善。 Immigrant communities first developed in the riverside settlements. From the Tudor era until the 20th century, ships crew were employed on a casual basis. Crews would be paid off at the end of their voyage. Inevitably, permanent communities became established, including colonies of Lascars（印度水手） and Africans from the Guinea Coast（几内亚湾）. Large Chinatowns also developed, associated with the crews of merchantmen in the opium（鸦片） and tea trades. 在滨江住区开发的第一个移民社区。从都铎时代直到第二十世纪，船员被雇