综合英语第二册课件u.ppt

TyrannyoftheUrgent CharlesE Hummel Tyranny n unfairorcrueluseofpowerorauthoritye g thetyrannyofmilitaryrule fig submittothetyrannyofinflexibleofficehours IPre readingQuestions 1 Doyouoftenfeelpressedbytime Doyouhatemeetingdeadlines 2 Doyouthinkyouaresuccessfulinmanagingyourtime Whyorwhynot Haveyoueverthoughtofwaystoimprovethemanagementofyourtime IIText Backgroundinformation TheAmericanViewofTimeAmericanstreattimeasifitweresomethingalmosttangible theybudgetit saveit wasteit stealit killit andaccountforit theyalsochargeforit Itisapreciouscommodity MostAmericansliveaccordingtotimesegmentslaidoutinengagementcalendars Thesecalendarsmaybedividedintointervalsasshortasfifteenminutes Asaresult Americansworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime Theycommunicaterapidlythroughtelexes phonecallsormemosratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts Peoplearemeetingincreasinglyontelevisionscreenstosettleproblemsby teleconferences IntheU S itistakenasasignofcompetencetosolveaproblem orfulfillajobsuccessfullywithrapidity ConsidertheChineseviewoftime TheU S isdefinitelyatelephonecountry 2 TextAnalysis Thisisawell organizedargumentativeessay Para1 2Introductorypart cannotreallyhelprelievepeopleofthepressure Para3 5Body thepressureinourlifeoriginatesfromthemishandledproblemof Para6Concludingpart weareslavesto theprolongationoftime priorities thetyranny oftheurgent ComprehensionofthetextPart P1 2 Qs 1 Howdoestheauthorintroducehistopic 2 Whydopeoplewishforathirty hourday Doestheauthorbelievethatthisextratimewillhelppeopletoeasethepressure A1 Theauthorintroduceshistopicwitharhetoricalquestion Arhetoricalquestionisafigureofspeechintheformofaquestionposedforitsrhetoricaleffectwithouttheexpectationofareply eg Whyme Rhetoricalquestionsencouragethelistenertothinkaboutthe oftenobvious answertothequestion Whenaspeakerstates Howmuchlongermustourpeopleendurethisinjustice noformalanswerisexpected Rather itisadeviceusedbythespeakertoachieveanemphasis A2 Peoplealwaysfindthemselvesinshortsupplyoftime Anextrasixhoursmayrelievethemofthepressure No Theauthordoesnotthinkthattheprolongationoftimemaysolvetheproblemofshort ageoftimeonceforallbecauseone sworkisendless Withthisextratime hebelieves peoplecouldonlyaffordtodomoreworkratherthanallthework Languagepoints 1 trail alonglineorseriesofmarksthatisleftbysomebody somethinge g Hewentinside leavingatrailofmuddyfootprintsbehindhim Translate 飓风过后满目疮痍 Thehurricaneleftatrailofdestructionbehindit 2 haunt tobealwaysinthethoughtsof returnrepeatedlytothemindofe g Thirtyyearsaftertheearthquakeheisstillhauntedbyimagesofdeathanddestruction Thememoryofthatdaystillhauntsme ofghosts visit aplace regularly ahauntedhouse 3 exacting ofapersonorpieceofwork demandingmuchcare effortandattentione g anexactingteacher pieceofworkVolunteersareneededforanexactingassignment synonym demandingexactv insistonandobtain requiree g exactobediencefromone sstaff fml Herworkexactsgreatcareandattention Part2 P3 5 Qs 1 Whatistheproblemofpriorities 2 Whenarepeopleliabletofrustration 3 Whydopeopleoftendelayanimportanttask A1 Whatshouldpeopledealwithfirstwhenconfrontedwithendlesstasks Urgentvs Important A2 Whentheyfindnumeroustasksunfinishedandespeciallywhentheyfindthattheyhavelefttheimportanttasksaside A3 Peopleareconstantlydrivenbyurgenttaskswhiletheyareusuallygivenmoretimetoaccomplishimportanttasks Asaresult theyarelikelytolackasenseofurgencyforimportanttasks Languagepoints 1 dilemmae g Thedoctorfacedadilemmaaswhetherheshouldtellthepatientthetruthornot Thepresidentfindshimselfinadilemmaoverhowtotacklethecrisis synonym predicament 2 priority c somethingthatisregardedasmoreimportantthanothersEducationisatoppriority Ourfirstpriorityistoimprovestandards Financialsecuritywashighonhislistofpriorities Youneedtogetyourprioritiesright AmericanEnglish Youneedtogetyourprioritiesstraight 2 u priority oversomething highortopplaceamongvariousthingstobedoneClubmemberswillbegivenpriority Thesearchforanewvaccinewilltakepriorityoverallothermedicalresearch prioritizev toputtasks etc inorderofimportance 3 misgiving doubt distrust orfear esp aboutafutureeventTheplanseemedutterlyimpracticalandIwasfilledwithmisgivingaboutit Translate 我对是否接受那份工作顾虑重重 Ihaveseriousmisgivingsabouttakingthatjob 4 crowdout tokeepoutforlackofspacee g Pressureonstudyspacehascrowdedoutnewstudentsfrommanyuniversitylibraries Thearticlewascrowdedoutofyesterday sedition preventsb sthfromoperatingsuccessfullyTranslate 小商店受到大超市不断排挤 Smallshopsarebeingcrowdedoutbythebigsupermarkets 5 Hedidn trealizehowhardhismaximhit Itoftenreturnstohauntandrebukemebyraisingthecriticalproblemofpriorities Para 4 rebuke tospeakangrilytoe g Hewasrebukedforcheating Paraphrase Hedidnotrealizewhatanimpacthiswordshadonme Theyoftenreturntomymindandreproachmewiththegraveproblemofpriorities Part3 P6 Qs 1 Whydoestheauthorsay Aman shomeisnolongerhiscastle 2 Whatdoes tyrannyoftheurgent mean Reference A1 Acastleisastrongly builtbuildingagainstattacks especiallyasinformertimes Inolddays onemightbekeptawayfromalltheworriesaboutworkoncehewasbackhome Butinmodemtimes withthedevelopmentoftelecommunication onecanhardlyavoidbeinginterruptedevenwhenheisathome A2 The tyrannyoftheurgent impliesthattheurgentthingsoutweigheverythingelse Aspeopletendtogiveprioritiestothingsthatareurgent theyarelikelytoneglectthingsthatareimportant butlessurgent 1 breach tobreak apromise agreement etc tomakeagapine g Thegovernmentisaccusedofbreachingthetermsofthetreaty breachtheenemydefencesbreachn pleaserefertodictionary 2 imperious too commanding expectingobediencefromothersanimperiousgesture look command傲慢的姿势 飞扬跋扈的样子 专横的命令 3 devour touseupallofsomething toeathungrilyorgreedily destroyHerjobdevoursallherenergy Hedevouredhalfofhisburgerinonebite fig Shedevouredthenewdetectivestory Translate 大火吞噬了大片森林 fig Firedevouredahugeareaofforest 4 Butinthelightoftime sperspectivetheirdeceptiveprominencefades withasenseoflosswerecalltheimportanttaskspushedaside inthelightof inviewof consideringInthelightofrecentincidents weareaskingourcustomerstotakeparticularcareoftheirpersonalbelongings prominence thefactorqualityofbeingwell knownandimportantMessicametoprominenceduringtheWorldCupinGermany Mostofthepapersgiveprominencetothesamestory Paraphrase Butfromalong termperspective theynolongerseemtobeimportantastheypromised andwesufferfromasenseoflosswhenwerecallthoseimportanttasksleftundone Organizationofthetext Thesis Weshouldnotlettheurgentmatterstakepriorityoverimportantones Supportingidea1 Theprolongationofthedaywouldnothelpusfinishallourwork evidence Supportingidea2 Therootcauseofourfailuretocompleteallthetasksisnotshortageoftime butthecriticalproblemofpriorities evidence Conclusion Weneedtoseethroughthedeceptiveappearanceoftheurgenttasksandfocusourattentionandenergyontheimportantones Rhetoricalfeatures Parallelism Sowefindourselvesworkingmoreandenjoyingitless Paragraph2 wehaveleftundonethosethings whichweoughttohavedone andwehavedonethosethingswhichweoughtnottohavedone Paragraph3 Parallelism 1 Parallelism Parallelismorparallelconstructionisusedfortheexpressionofsimilarthoughtsinabalancedway By balancedway ismeantabalanced orcoordinatedarrangementofgrammaticalstructures Herearesomewaysinwhichparallelconstructionareformed Parallelism 2 1 wordsrelatedinmeaningandbelongingtothesamegrammaticalcategoryarejoinedtogetherinphrases e g sugarandsaltwalkingorrunningneitherhungrynorcoldfirmbutkindly Parallelism 3 2Thegrammaticalstructurearekeptinbalance e g Shelikesgoingtothecountryandhavingpicnicsthere or Shelikestogotothecountryandtohavepicnicsthere butnot Shelikesgoingtothecountryandtohavepicnicsthere Parallelism 4 3Similarstructuresarearrangedinaseries followingthesametrendofthought e g Theroadshavebeenmadebroader thebuildingshavebeenbuilthigher andthewholetownhasbeenimprovedagreatdeal Atschool Ilearnfromteachers Athome Ilearnfrommyparents Ilovesinging Ilovedancing ButIlovecookingbestofall Parallelism 5 Parallelismcanmakesentencesclear forceful lively andeffective Parallelconstructionsareusuallylinkedbycoordinatingconjunctionssuchas andbutnororboth and either orneither nor notonly butalso Phrases P2 catchup on withsomething tospendtimeoreffortsdoingsomethingthatyouhavehadnottimetodoproperlyuntilnow Heshuthimselfawayforamonthtocatchuponhisacademicwork catchup withsomebody toreachsomebodyinfrontofyoubywalkingfaster toreachthesamestandardorlevelastheyare P3 apartfrom 1 Itisusedtorefertosomething oftensomethingsmallorunimportant whichisanexceptiontothegeneralsituationorstateofaffairs exceptingfor除了 以外 别无 除去Shehadnomoney apartfromthefivepoundsthatChristopherhadgivenher Apartfromhisnoseheisquitegood looking 2 Inadditionto除了 以外 尚有 不止Apartfromtheinjuriestohisfaceandhands hebrokebothlegs Arelationshipbetweenideasofapproximatelyequalimportance InEnglish therearethreebasiccoordinators and or but Otherfamiliarcoordinatorsareyet so both and notonly but also either or neither nor etc Mostdeclarativesentencesareinnormalorder Thosebeginningwiththen there here so meaning inthesameway also neither nor meaning alsonot never little often notonly notuntil hardly scarcely thus nosooner than etc areusuallyininve