【精品制作 】牛津高中英语高频词汇汇总--首字母为D.doc

牛津高中英语高频词汇汇总最详实最全面首字母为Ddamage n. 损害，毁坏 v. 损坏，损毁特征- The bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.坏天气使庄稼受到了很大损失。- The flood damaged several buildings.洪水使一些建筑受到了破坏。贴心叮咛damage是个很重要的词，它的基本用法和考点，同学们都要牢牢掌握。考点damage作名词“损害”时是不可数名词；作可数名词时意为“损害赔偿费”。- He was awarded $500 in damages by the court.法院判给他损害赔偿费五百美元。表示“的损失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。（误）The fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.（正）The fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.火灾造成房屋损毁严重。damage作不及物动词时，本身具有被动含义，不需要再用被动语态。（误）Glass is damaged easily.（正）Glass damages easily.玻璃容易破损。备考必背重要词组damage ones health 损害健康 suffer damage from. 受到的损害do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 对造成巨大损害辨析damage和harmdamage指车辆、房屋、庄稼等没有生命的物体受损或毁坏；harm常指对身心健康的损害、危害等，经常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)结构。- The accident damaged his car.车祸毁坏了他的汽车。- Bad books do great harm to children.坏书对孩子们的危害极大。danger n. 危险 危险的人或物特征danger作“危险”讲时是不可数名词，作“危险的人或物”讲时是可数名词。- All danger was over.所有危险都已经过去了。- That man is a danger to society.那人对于社会是个危险人物。考点danger通常和of引导的短语搭配，不能接不定式短语。（误）Im afraid there may be some danger to be misled.（正）Im afraid there may be some danger of being misled.恐怕有被引入歧途的危险。重要词组be in danger 处于危险之中（没有冠词the） be out of danger 脱离危险- The bridge is in danger of collapse.桥要塌了。- He is now out of danger.他现在已经脱离危险了。派生词：dangerous adj. 危险的辨析be in danger和dangerousbe in danger表示“（主语）处于危险之中”，而dangerous是指主语对别人有危害。- She was ill and in danger.她生病了，处于病危之中。- The roof of the house has damaged. It is dangerous.这房子的屋顶坏了，很危险。dawn n. 黎明，拂晓 vi. 破晓特征dawn指的是在早晨阳光刚刚出现的那段时间。at dawn 在黎明时分- The teacher works from dawn to dark.那位老师从天亮工作到天黑。- It dawns. 天亮了。dead adj. 死的；凋谢的 - His uncle has been dead for 8 years.他叔叔去世已经八年了。- The dead were buried at the foot of the hill.死者被埋在山脚下。贴心叮咛一定要把dead和同根词died,dying区别开。备考必背辨析dead, died和dyingdead形容词，表示“死亡”这一状态，和一段时间连用时一定要用dead；died是die的过去式，die是“死亡”，是短暂性动词，不能和表示以短时间的状语连用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。（误）His old brother has died for two years.（正）His old brother has been dead for two years.他哥哥去世已经两年了。- Some soldiers died in battle.一些士兵在战争中阵亡。a dying bird 一只快死的鸟派生词：death n. 死，死亡- She was shocked by the sudden death of her father.她被父亲的突然死亡震惊了。debate vt. 讨论，争论 n. 争论，辩论特征- He debated with his father about the question.他和父亲就这个问题展开了辩论。- After much debate he was chosen monitor of the class.经过广泛的讨论，他被选为班长。备考必背 重要词组be under debate 在讨论中- The new rules are under debate.新规则正在讨论中。declare vt. 宣布；断言特征declare是一个正式用语，意思是“正式告知或通过官方使为人所知”，即“宣布”；还指强调性地或权威式地“宣称，断言”。总之，declare含有经过考虑或通过一定程序后正式让别人知晓的意思。- The prime minister declared his intention in his speech.首相在讲话中声明了他的意图。- He declared at the meeting that he supported me.他在会上声明他支持我。备考必背declare作“宣布”讲，含有“庄严”的意味，所以常接that从句作宾语。- The Arab people declared that they would fight to the finish.阿拉伯人民宣布，他们要战斗到底。 declare不能接不定式短语作宾语。deep adj. 深的；深厚的；来自深处的 adv. 深深地特征- The river is six feet deep.河水深6英尺。- The boy read deep into the night.这男孩读书一直到深夜。贴心叮咛deep既可以作形容词，也可作副词。它和deeply的辨析很重要。备考必背deep既可以作表语，也可以作定语，如：a deep sleep 沉睡 a deep voice 低沉的声音辨析副词deep和deeplydeep用于具体的深度，包括空间和时间，它不能修饰形容词和分词；deeply用于抽象、比喻意义，与表达情感的动词、形容词或过去分词连用时，常用deeply。练习与解答- He is interested in English. He often works at it until into the night.A. deep; deeply B. deep; deep C. deeply; deep D. deeply; deeply答案：C （他对英语非常感兴趣。他经常学习英语到深夜。如果你仔细阅读了上面关于deep和deeply的辨析就很清楚为什么选C了。）defeat vt. 击败，战胜；使破灭特征defeat是及物动词，可以直接跟宾语：defeat sb.（击败某人）。- They defeated us in the game.他们在比赛中赢了我们。- The old grannys hopes were defeated.老奶奶的希望破灭了。贴心叮咛英文中有几个单词都有“战胜，击败”的意思，但含义不同，要注意defeat，beat和conguer的区别。备考必背 辨析defeat，beat和conguerdefeat的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输；beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了；conguer更强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服者的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配。- The public bet a lot of money on Tom, but he was defeated.人们为汤姆下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。- It was not until his third match that he finally beat Humphries.直到他的第三次比赛，他才最终打败汉弗莱斯。- Some countries may be defeated but can never be conguered.有些国家可能被打败，但决不会被征服。degree n. 度数，度 学位 地位，阶层特征a woman of high degree 一位社会地位高的妇女- Water freezes at zero degree centigrade.水灾灵摄氏度时结冰。- After graduation he had the degree of Master.毕业后他获得了硕士学位。备考必背degree作“学位”讲时，a masters degree（硕士学位）和a bachelors degre（学士学位）中的s都不能省略。某一学科的学位要用“a degree in +学科”，而不能用“a degree of + 学科”。（误）a degree of social studies（正）a degree in social studies社会学学位重要词组：get/receive/take a masters degree 获得硕士学位delay v. n. 耽搁，延迟特征- The football match was delayed three days because of bad weather.糟糕的天气使足球比赛耽搁了三天。- Please leave without delay.请马上离开。贴心叮咛delay既可作动词，也可作名词，意思是一样的。它的用法很重要。备考必背delay后面要接动名词，不能接不定式。They delayed announcing the date.他们迟迟没有公布日期。重要词组：without delay 及时地，没有耽误地练习与解答- John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm.2004 辽宁A. kept B. stopped C. slowed D. delayed答案：D（约翰没有及时赶上商业会议，因为飞机被暴风雨延误了。keep是“保持”；stop是“停止”；slow是“慢下来”；delay是“耽误，延迟”。）deliver 递送，投递 发表（演说等）特征- The post parcel has been delivered to him.邮包已经递送给他了。贴心叮咛当deliver作“发表”讲时，多指发表演说、意见等。备考必背重要词组deliver sth. to sb. 把某物交给某人 deliver a speech 作演讲- The professor will deliver a speech at the meeting.教授将在会议上发表演说。deliver oneself of an opinion 发表某人的意见派生词：deliverer n. 递送人demand n. 要求，需求（量），需要 v. 要求，需要特征- The boss didnt listen to the workers demand for more money.老板不听工人们要争取更多工钱的要求。- We try our best to meet the demand of market.我们尽力满足市场需求。- This job demands your great patience.这项工作需要你极大的耐心。考点demand不能用人称代词作宾语。（误）He demands her to reply at once.（正）He demands a reply of hers at once.他要求她马上回答。demand后面接动词时，只能接不定式，不能接动名词。- He demanded to see my book.他要求看一下我的书。demand后面的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气。- He demanded that I (should) pay.他要求我付钱。demand作名词时，后面接for。- There is a great demand for English grammar books.对英语语法书的需求很大。description n. 描写，记述特征- He gave a description of what he had seen.他描述了他所见到的一切。- He is not very good at description.他不太善于描述。贴心叮咛description是describe（描述）的名词形式，意思是“描写，描述”，含有详细的意思。备考必背在表达“的描写”时，要用description of，而不能用description about。（误）a description about crime（正）a description of crime 对案情的描述重要词组beyond description 难以描述，难以形容give/make a description of 描述of all descriptions 各种格式的- The hall is crowed with people of all descriptions.大厅里挤满了各种各样的人。desire vt. 期望，渴望 n. 愿望特征desire的程度比want要强烈，表示“热切期望”，常用于书面语。- I desire an immediate answer of his.我请他立即回信。- He has a strong desire for wealth.他对财富有很强的欲望。备考必背desire作动词时的三种用法一定要掌握。desire to do sth. 想做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事- They desire me to return soon.他们要我快点回来。desire that +虚拟语气 想要- She desires that you (should) see her at once.她要你立即见她。辨析desire, hope 和wishdesire着重表现急切的心情或强烈的愿望；hope表示可能性很大的“希望”；而wish只表示主观愿望，不考虑能否实现，常用于不能实现的场合，wish后面既可接不定式作宾语补足语，也可接双宾语。determination n. 决心；决定特征- His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever.现在他想和她结婚的决心比以前更强烈。贴心叮咛determination是determine（决定）的名词形式，要注意它的相关词组。备考必背 重要词组have the determination to do sth. 有做某事的决心- We have the determination to finish the work within five days.我们有决心在五天内完成这项工作。with determination 坚决地- He left for Beijing with determination. 他毫不犹豫地去了北京。determine v. 决定，决心特征- I determined to go at once.我决定立刻就走。贴心叮咛determine是中学阶段非常重要的单词，它的用法值得注意。备考必背重要词组determine to do sth. 决心做某事determine on/upon sth. 对下决心determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决心做某事- His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more.他的劝告使我决定不再抽烟喝酒了。determine sb. against sth. 使某人决定不做某事- The news determined him against further delay.此项消息使他决定不再拖延。determine的过去分词determined可以作形容词，be determined to do sth. 表示“决心做某事”。如：- I am determined to finish the work ahead of time.我决心提前完成工作。devote vt. 投入于，献身特征- The student devoted his time to his study.这个学生把他的时间用在学习上。备考必背重要词组devote oneself to 献身于 devote ones life to doing将一生贡献给- He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。派生词：devotion n. 奉献，投入- The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.把过多的时间花在体育运动上就使花在学习上的时间太少了。difficulty n. 困难，难点特征with difficulty 困难地，费尽地 in difficulty 处境困难- This project is full of difficulties.这个工程困难很多。贴心叮咛difficulty是difficult的名词形式。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。考点表示“在某方面有困难”可以用“difficulty+in+doing sth.（in可以省略）”，而不能用“difficulty+ to do sth.”形式。（误）There was no difficulty to solve the problem.（正）There was no difficulty (in) solving the problem.解决这问题毫无困难。direct vt. 指路，指明方向 指导，指挥 导演（电影等） adj. 笔直的；直率的特征a direct road 一条直路- Could you direct me to the railway station?请问道火车站怎么走？- Who is directing the workmen?谁在指挥工人？- Who directed the movie?谁执导的这部影片？- He gave the boss a direct answer.他给了老板一个直接的答案。贴心叮咛direct的基本含义是“指明方向”，其他意思都是由此引申而来，请注意参考上面的例句。练习与解答- Once a decision has been made, all of us should it. 2004 湖北A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to答案：B（一旦做出了决定，我们大家都要遵守。本题考查动词词组的含义。direct to是“把指向”；stick to是“坚持”；lead to是“导致；通向”；refer to是“参考；提及”。）disability n. 无力，无能 残疾特征在英文中，在一些单词前面通常会加上前缀dis，表示和后面这个单词相反的含义。disability就是由前缀dis（表示否定）+ability（能力）构成。- He has a disability pension from the government.他领有一笔政府发的伤残抚恤金。备考必背 辨析disability和inability这两个词都有“缺乏能力”的意思。disability多指身体残疾而引起的“缺乏能力”；而inability单纯指“不能”。- He was disabled in the war and his disability prevented him from holding any job.他在战争中残废了，这使他无法找到任何工作。- The new secretary is still unable to work alone and this inability may cause her to lose the job.新来的秘书至今仍不能独立工作，这很可能使她失去这份工作。disappear vi. 消失，不见特征- The boy disappeared in the dark.这个男孩在黑暗中消失了。备考必背disappear是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。（误）The beast has disappeared for a long time.（正）The beast disappeared a long time ago.这只野兽消失很久了。disappoint vt. 使失望特征- What you did disappointed me.你的所作所为令我失望。备考必背disappoint的过去分词disappointed可以当作形容词用，意思是“失望的”。disappointed, disappointing的用法和interested, interesting一样。disappointed是“失望的，失意的”；disappointing是“令人失望的，扫兴的”。- I was disappointed that he had left.我很失望他已经离开了。- The weather was disappointing.天气叫人不痛快。派生词：disappointmen n. 失望- To their disappointment, the result was contrary to their expectation.结果与预料恰好相反，这使他们感到失望。discrimination n. 歧视特征race discrimination 种族歧视sex discrimination 性别歧视- Discrimination against women is not allowed.不允许歧视妇女。贴心叮咛discrimination特别指种族歧视或性别歧视等。disease n. 疾病特征- It is a terrible disease.这是一种可怕的疾病。- These are the diseases of society.这些是社会弊端。贴心叮咛disease原指所患的“疾病”，也引申为社会“弊端”。备考必背 辨析disease和illnessdisease指具体某种疾病，是一个专业性词汇；illness指生病的状态，是由disease引起的。an occupational disease职业病 a disease of the eyes 眼病- He cant go to school because of his illness.他因为有病不能上学。disturb vt. 打扰，扰乱，使不安特征- Dont disturb me while Im reading.当我看书时不要打扰我。- The news that my brother was fired has disturbed me very much.我哥哥被解雇的消息使我很不安。贴心叮咛disturb的意思是打断或破坏原有的安宁、安定的状态，也可指让别人的心绪不安宁。备考必背 重要句型be disturbed of/about . 因感到心神不安be disturbed to see/hear . 看到/听到感到不安- I was disturbed about the bad news.对于这坏消息，我感到心神不安。- I was disturbed to hear the bad news.听到这坏消息我感到很不安。dive vi. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 n. 跳水特征- Dare you dive from the high bridge?你敢从这座高桥尚跳下去吗？- What a beautiful dive! 多么优美的跳水呀！备考必背 重要词组dive into 跳进 make a dive for 向冲去- The soldier made a dive for the ditch.这名战士向壕沟冲去。divide v. 分开；分割特征- The teacher divided the students into four groups.老师把学生分成了四个小组。- Fifteen divided by three is five.3 除15等于5。备考必背重要词组divide . into . 把分成 divide up 分配- We divided up the money equally.我们将钱分平了。divide . from . 把从中分出来- We should divide the patients from the others.我们应该对病人进行隔离。辨析divide和separate两者都表示“分”。divide指将整体分成若干份；separate指把原来在一起的人或物分离开。- Lets divide the cake into three.让我们将蛋糕分成三份。- We must find a way to separate oil from its mixture.我们必须想个法子把油从它的混合物中分离出来。派生词：division n. 分开，分割- This group division is unreasonable.这样的分组不合理。dot n. 点，圆点 vt.在上打点特征a dotted line 一条虚线- I have a white shirt with blue dots.我有一件带蓝点的白衬衫。- On the map, towns were marked by red dots.在地图上，城镇是用小红点标出的。- The ship became a mere dot on the horizon.船在远处的水平线上成了一个小点。- Why didnt you dot I?你为什么不在I上加点呢？double adj. 加倍的，双的 v. 加倍，增倍特征a double bed 一张双人床- His debt is double what it was five years ago.他的债务是五年前的两倍。- The money will double next year.这些钱明年将翻一番。练习与解答- The price of vegetables has because of bad weather.A. doubt B. doubted C. troubled D. doubled答案：D（因为糟糕的天气，蔬菜的价格翻了一倍。double意为“增加一倍，翻一番”；doubt意为“怀疑，不相信”；trouble意为“麻烦，打扰”。）doubt n. 怀疑，疑惑 vt. 怀疑，不信特征- I have no doubt that hell pass the exam.我不怀疑他会通过考试。- I doubt that he is telling a lie.我不相信他在说谎。贴心叮咛doubt非常重要。它既可作名词也可作动词，它的用法值得我们注意。备考必备动词doubt后常接名词从句。在肯定句中，名词从句由whether，if，when，what等来引导；而在疑问句及否定句中，用that来引导。- It has been doubted whether the story is true.有人怀疑这个故事是否属实。- I dont doubt that he will keep his promise.我不怀疑这个故事是否属实。doubt作名词时，可以说There is no doubt that .，但不能用It is no doubt that .（误）It is no doubt that he is a rich man.（正）There is no doubt that he is a rich man.毫无疑问他是个有钱人。重要词组be in doubt about sth. 对某事不能确定have doubts about (doing) sth. 怀疑（做）某事no doubt 无疑地，很可能- No doubt he is a hand some man.毫无疑问他是个英俊的男人。download v. 下载特征- Many movies can be downloaded from Internet.很多电影都可以从互联网上下载。贴心叮咛这个词是伴随着互联网的发展而流行起来的，相信大家一定非常了解download这个词。downstairs adv. 在楼下；往楼下特征fall downstairs 跌下楼- Mother went downstairs to answer the front door.妈妈下楼去开前门。（downstai