定语从句讲解.doc

定语从句一 课文原句I like music that I can dance to .我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。Rose likes music thats quiet and gentle. 玫瑰喜欢轻柔的音乐。I prefer singers who write their own lyrics . 我喜欢自己写歌词的歌手。以上三个句子都是含有定语从句的复合句。第一，二句均是由that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词都是music,第三句是由who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词singers.二 概念及构成在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。其结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有that , which , who , whom , whose等，关系副词有where , when , why 等。三 用法点拨1. 关系代词在定语从句中的用法关系代词that , which , who , whom , whose 放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分，关系代词作从句的宾语时通常可以省略，但作从句主语时不能省略。（1） that在从句中可以作主语或宾语，可以指人也可以指物This is the PE teacher that plays soccer best. (作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。He isnt the person that I talked to just now . (作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。I like the cat that has four white paws . (作主语)我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。This is the cat that I like best . (作宾语)这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。（2） who 在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人。This is the PE teacher who plays soccer best. (作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。He isnt the man whom I talked to just now . (作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。（3） which 在从句中可以作主语或宾语，指代物。Can you show me the shop which is the nearest? (作主语)你能给我指指去最近商店的路吗？The book which youre looking for is Toms . (作宾语)你正在找的那本书是汤姆的。（4） whose在从句中作定语，指人，也指物。Do you know the boy whose mother is our math teacher ? 你认识那个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？My uncle has bought a new car whose color is blue . 我叔叔买了一辆颜色是蓝色的新车。 that 可以指人也可以指物，指人是多数可与who , whom 互换，指物时有时可与which 互换。eg : The songs (that which ) Liu Dehua sang are very popular.刘德华演唱的歌很受欢迎。The man that who is reading a book over there is Toms uncle .在那边看书的那个男人是汤姆的叔叔。 关系代词whom和which 在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面 。eg : The beautiful lady to whom you talked is Miss Zhang .= The beautiful lady ( whom who that ) you talked to is Miss Zhang . 和你说话哦那位漂亮的女士是张小姐。2. 关系代词用法辨析（1） 用that 不用which 的情况：A. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时通常用that .Eg : This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen .这是我所见过的最美丽的山。The first English novel that I read was “ Thirty-nine Step “我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。（2） 先行词前有all , any , no , little , much , many , the only , the very , the last 等修饰词时通常用that .Eg : Here are all the clothes that I have . 这就是我所有的衣服。This is the only book that I like . 这就是我唯一喜欢的一本书。（3） 先行词是everything , something , anything , all , none , much , little , many , few 等不定代词时，通常用that . Eg ：Finally , the thief handed in everything that he had stolen .最后小偷交出了他所偷的所有东西。（4） 先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，用that .Eg : I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room . 我能记得我在这个房间里看到的人和一些图画。（5） 在以who 引导的疑问词后，为了避免重复，用that .Eg : Who is the girl that is standing there ? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？（6）。先行词在句中作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be 只用which 不用that 情况：（1） 在介词后用which , 不用that .eg : This is the bank in which the robbery happened. 这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。（2） 先行词本身是that 时， 用which ，不能用that . eg : The clock is that which tells the time . 钟表是用来报时的。四 关系副词（when , where , why ）关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语1. ：分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等2.When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing .We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .He came at a time when (at which ) we needed help . 3.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）This is the house where we lived last year .The factory where his father works is in the west of the city .After living in Pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .4. why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）There are several reasons why we cant do that .He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school .Is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer ?The reason why ( for which ) she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .5.比较Ill never forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher .Ill never forget the days when I worked with you .It is the house that / which was built two years ago . It is the house where / in which I was born .The reason which / that he gave was an excuse .The reason why he was late was the rain .Do you know the reason why he didnt turn up ?：定语从句中的主谓一致问题。 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致，因为关系代词所指代的就是先行词。Eg: Tom is one of the boys that are（易错点）from the USA.汤姆是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is(易错点) from the USA.汤姆是从美国来的唯一的男孩。I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2.