[考试宝典]2011职称英语强化班补全短文讲义(word版).doc

职称英语考试宝典 系列软件 补全短文阅读下面的短文，每一篇中有五个句子不完整，请根据短文的内容在文章后面所给的六个选项中挑选五个填入，使句子完整。How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the MindBody language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, just what is your body saying.Arms. (1) If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. (2) If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show youre unhappy!Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. (3) Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still!Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. (4) This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you dont wish to show. (5) A. If you are feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B. If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.C. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.D. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet.E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know youre not pleased.F. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.Robotic Highway ConesA University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. (1) They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.For example, if workers arrived at 6 a.m., the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. (2) “It just seems like a very good application for robots,” Farritor said. “The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,” Farritor said in a report on his creation. (3) This fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.The robots are placed at the bottom of the cons and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. “It would look exactly the same,” Farritor said. “Normally theres a kind of rubbery, black base to them. (4) ”Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need.The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation. like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. “That way you dont have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation.” Farritor said.While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. (5) He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may benefit from them.A. And they can return to the original place at the end of the day.B. He is thinking about starting a small business.C. Farritor was “Inventor of the Year” in 2003.D. Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant.E. We replace that with a robotF. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away.Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim WomenThere is a range of reasons why thin women think theyre too heavy, but the distorted body image may often have its roots in childhood, the results of a new study suggest.Researchers found that among more than 2,400 thin women they surveyed, nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy. (1) According to the study authors, led by Dr. Susanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, societys “Ideal” female body is moving toward an underweight physique. (2) To investigate body image among thin women, the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal. (3) Overall, almost 10 percent of the women thought they were too heavy. Those who reported certain “severe life events”in childhood or adolescence, such as having a parent become ill or having their educational hopes dashed, were more likely than others to have a distorted body image. (4) In contrast, traumatic events in adulthood, such as serious illness or significant marital problems, were not related to poor body image, the researchers report. (5) A. The same was true of women who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 15 years old.B. Experiences in childhood, including having an ill parent, or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age, were among the risk factors for having a distorted body image.C. “Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with (ones ) own body weight may be established early in life,” Kjaer and her colleagues write.D. Research suggests that many normal-weight women wish to weigh less.E. If worries have altered your appetite or weight, it will help to talk to someone about it.F. The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits.Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers. _ (1) _. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. _ (2) _. Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. _ (3) _Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. _ (4) _ (5) _. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers. A. The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, including car-rental and sigh-seeing services. B. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours. C. Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. D. As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries. E. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients. F. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travelplanes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases. Death ControlA very important world problemin fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems which face us at the present timeis the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources. _ (1) _. By 2000 A.D., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7, 000, 000, 000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime. Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? _ (2) _. You have heard of Birth Control? _ (3) _. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who, a few years ago, would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases, as they used to do. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. _ (4) _. We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may be, are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. _ (5) _. A. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and fewer children are dying, so the population of the world is shooting up. B. Death Control is something rather different. C. It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called Death Control. D. This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. E. The standard of living may be improved through death control. F. Medical care helps to keep people alive longer. Ludwig Van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness. Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. _ (1) _. Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn. Beethoven remained unmarried. _ (2) _. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819. _ (3) _. He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. _ (4) _. Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, “I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality.”_ (5) _. A. In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music. B. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life. C. His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence. D. When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers. E. Although Beethovens personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best. F. Today his music is still being played all over the world. Einstein Named “Person of Century”Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as “Person of the Century” by Time magazine on Sunday. A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology. “The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technologicaltechnologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science,” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einsteins significance. _ (1) _. Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics. “What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom, ”said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. _ (2) _. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams. In 1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. _ (3) _. Everything elsemass, weight, space, even time itselfis a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squaredE=mc. _ (4) _. “There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality. ”Einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. _ (5) _. Einstein did not work on the project. Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955. A. “Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics,” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Times choices. B. How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general publics view about Albert Einstein. C. “Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.”D. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project” that secretly developed the first atomic weapon. E. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. F. In his “Special Theory of Relativity,” Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, “Contact: The first four minutes”, he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships: “_ (1) _. A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. _ (2) _. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much. When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves.”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes. Hearing such advice, one might say, “But Im not a friendly, self-confident person. Thats not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to that way. ”_ (3) _. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one.” But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, “total honesty” is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions. _ (4) _. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. _ (5) _. That is at least as important as how much we know. A. In reply. Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habitsB. Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. C. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. D. Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. E. He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room. F. He is eager to make friends with everyone. Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk. _ (1) _. They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently e