第四单元5篇 品德与礼仪.doc

第四单元 品德与礼仪本单元内容：1、自谦， 1篇；2、敬老, 3篇；3、送礼，1篇I. 自谦To compliment is to praise a persons virtues, ability, skills, behavior, appearance, clothing, personality and belongings. However, the Chinese compliments each other much less frequently because they are cautious about drawing a line between compliment and flattery - an act which is considered very low and mean among the Chinese people. So Chinese people, in the response to compliments, tend to refuse it and depreciate themselves although they do feel comfortable about the compliments. This does not mean that they dont want compliments or they intend to be modest with the sacrifice of friendship in so doing, but a special acceptance of compliments deeply rooted in the traditional philosophy which regards modesty as one of the most valuable virtues.译文赞语用于夸奖一个人的美德、能力、技巧、行为、外表、服饰、品格或物品等。但是，因为中国人区分夸赞和奉承时十分谨慎，因此彼此之间相互夸赞的频率要少得多，毕竟，中国人把奉承看成是一种低俗卑鄙的行为。因此，在对赞语回应时，尽管他们对赞语也感觉不错，但总是拒绝或进行自贬。这并不是说中国人不需要夸赞，也不是说他们自贬是为了谦卑牺牲友情，而是一种接受夸赞的特殊表达方式，这种表达方式在其将谦卑看作最大美德的传统哲学中根深蒂固。II. 敬老Passage 1Attending a Chinese family dinner party, the guest is most respected if his seat is put next to the chair of the eldest member of the highest generation in the family, which means that the guest is just as respected as the senior in the family. If the guest is a new comer, then he should be prepared for a number of private questions to be asked by either the senior or the host or hostess. For a Westerner, perhaps the best way to deal with such awkward situations is to make a clean breast of all the facts because this is the Chinese way to show concerns. 译文参加中国家庭的宴会时，如果把客人安排在紧挨着家族辈分最高年龄最长的家庭成员旁边，则是对客人最大的尊敬，这意味着客人的地位与最年长的长辈地位一样高。如果客人初来乍到，他必须做好准备来回答长辈、主人或女主人会问及的许多隐私性问题。作为一个西方人，应对这种尴尬局面的最好办法，或许就是一切如实道来，因为这是中国人表达关心的特有方式。Passage 2To make sure of success of the dinner party, the guest should be aware of the following facts: 1) the dishes placed in the center of a table is to be shared by all and the guest should feel free to help himself not just at the beginning of the meal but throughout it as well. The guest should also take it as a sign of honor and offer thanks on time when a Chinese host takes food from the center of the table for the guest. If feeling uncomfortable with this, the guest can say Ill help myself while expressing appreciation; 2) The chopstick is the single most important utensil at a Chinese table. Everyone is expected to use the chopstick to get food but never use it in the way of using a fork. Make sure to place your chopsticks horizontally over your bowl or plate and not lay them on the table or, even worse, stick them vertically into the rice bowl; 3) Table manners in China involve respect for the elders, as does much of other Chinese etiquette. At the table, take food for the elders before taking it for yourself. If someone raises a toast, make sure that the rim of your glass is lower when you clink glasses with someone older than you to show your respect.译文为了确保宴会的成功，客人必须清楚以下事实：1） 摆放在餐桌中心的菜肴是共享的，从宴会开始到结束，客人可以随意吃菜。如果中国主人从餐桌中间的盘子里给客人夹菜，客人应该将此看作是对自己的敬重并应及时表示感谢。如果客人对此感到不舒服，则应该在表示感激的同时说“我自己来吧”；2）在中国餐桌上，筷子是唯一最重要的餐具，每个人都应该用筷子来夹菜，不能把筷子当叉子使。一定要把筷子平放在饭碗或碟子上，不可将筷子放在餐桌上，更不能将筷子垂直插在饭碗里；3）在中国，正如许多其他礼仪，餐桌礼仪包括了对长者的尊重。在餐桌上，吃饭以前，应该先给长者盛饭。有人敬酒时，如果对方年龄比你大，碰杯时一定要确保你的杯子口低于对方的杯子口，以示敬重。Passage 3 In China it is normally the elderly man who gets the first service, because respect and filial piety to elders are the focal points of the Chinese moral system. It is the elderly who are supposed to get special respect. Respect for elders is often the basis for the way society is organized and has been at the foundation of Chinese culture and morality for thousands of years. Older people are respected for their wisdom and most important decisions have traditionally not been made without consulting them. Confucian filial piety encourages the younger generation to follow the teachings of elders and the elders to teach the young to have good manners and perform their duties. 译文在中国，敬重并孝顺老人是中国道德体系的核心，因此老人优先是正常的，老人应该得到特别敬重。通常来讲，尊敬老人是社会组织形式的基础，作为中国道德文化的根基，已有几千年了。老人因其智慧而受尊重，因此，未经请示老人，不能进行重大决策，这是传统。孔子的“孝”不仅鼓励年轻一代听从老人的教诲，也鼓励老人教育年轻一代要懂礼貌，履行职责。III. 送礼Giving gifts is a very important part of the traditional Chinese culture. According to the tradition, a person, especially a young one giving gifts to his superior either in generation or position, needs to present the gift with both hands as a sign of courtesy and always mention that this is only a small token of appreciation. However, Chinese etiquette requires that the person should refuse a gift two or three times before accepting it and the giver should persist, gently, until the gift is accepted. Besides, the host usually puts aside the gift and opens it later after the visitors have left. The main reason for doing this is to show that the host is welcoming the guests for themselves, not for the gifts. Therefore, opening a gift in front of a visitor would be regarded as impolite and greedy, and the visitor may think the hos