合词合句译法.doc

第十节 合词译法 无论是西方作家还是中国作家，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。西方作家常用的是成对词，而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语，或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表达的是同一个意思我们就可以他们合起来翻译也就是采用合词译法请看下面的翻译实例。 1) Youll supply financial power, and well supply man power. Isnt that fair and square? 你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？ 2) In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking. 我们车间有严格的规定，不许吸烟。（或：我们车间严禁吸烟。） 3) He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。 4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他父亲非常宽容。 5) Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的儿子非常聪明，可她的女儿却很笨。 6) She shook and trembled with fear. 她吓得不停地发抖。 7）He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。 8) We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须到达目的。 9） He suffered aches and pains 他遭受百般疼痛。 10) Its a ways and means of propaganda. 这是种宣传方法。 11) Its right and proper to try it. 试一试是完全正确的。 12) The room is cozy and comfortable.这个房间非常舒适。 13) She was surprised and taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。 14) Really and truly? 千真万确？ 15) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。 16)要不然时叫他趁早回心转意，有多少好处。曹雪芹红楼梦，第四六回）Otherwise, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her. 17）其中又见林黛玉是个出类拔萃的，便更与黛玉亲敬异常。（曹雪芹红楼梦，第四十九回） Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectinately. 18)紫鹃笑道“我说的是好话，不过叫你心里留神，并没叫你去为非作歹。何苦回老太太，叫我吃了亏，又有什么好处！” 曹雪芹红楼梦第五七回） I meant well,“ was the smiling answer. “ I just wanted you to look out for yourself, not to do anything wrong. What good will it do if you report me to the old lady and get me into trouble? 19) 这里赵姨娘正说着，只要贾环在外间屋子里，更说出些惊心动魄的话来。（曹雪芹红楼梦，第八十四回） As Concubine Zhao was storming, Jia Huan in the outer room made an even more startling statement. 20) (他们)都是些狐群狗党！（曹雪芹红楼梦第九十回） Theyre a pack of curs! 21）（宝玉和黛玉）真是言和意顺，似漆如胶（曹雪芹红楼梦，第五回） On all matters, indeed, they were in complete accord. 22）那宝钗却又行为豁达，随分从时，不比黛玉孤高自许,目无下尘，故深得下人之心；就是小丫头们，亦多和宝钗亲近（曹雪芹红楼梦，第五回） Besides, Baochais generous, tactful and accommodating ways contrasted strongly with Daiyu stand-offish reserve and won the hearts of her subordinates, so that nearly all the maids like to chat with her. 23）虽说是一枝小草，又无花朵，其妩媚之态，不禁心动神怡，魂消魄丧。（曹雪芹红楼梦，第一百十六回） thoughit was so small and had no blossoms its delicate grace was utterly enchanting. 24）今日各自进去，孤孤凄凄，举目无亲，须要自己保重！（曹雪芹红楼梦，第一百一九回） Today, entering for the examination, youre going to be entirely on your own, so youll have to take care of yourselves. 25）你看那正根正苗，忍饥挨饿的，要多少？（曹雪芹红楼梦第四十五回） Plenty of real gentlefolk go hungry. 26） 中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地达到自己的目的（毛泽东选集第五卷） By our own indomitable efforts we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal. 27）他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。 He is determined to turn over a new leaf. 28）你怎么能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？ How can you kick down the ladder? 29）二十年，时间看起来很长，一晃就过去了。所以，我们从八十年代的第一年开始，就必须一天也不耽误，专心致志地，聚精会神地搞四个现代化建设。（邓小平文选第二卷） Although a period of 20 years sounds quite long, the time will slip by very quickly. From the very first year of the 1980s,we must devote our full attention to achieving the four modernizations and not waste a single day. 30）有些企业和单位，群众自己选举出的干部，一些毛遂自荐，自告奋勇担任负责工作的干部很快此作出了成绩，比单是从上面指定的干部合适得多。（邓小平文选第 二卷） In some enterprises and other units, cadres who volunteered for leading posts or were elected to them by the masses have achieved much in little time and proved more capable than cadres appointed from above. 31) 陈词滥调 old stuff 32）痴心妄想 wishful thinkingfond dream 33）长篇大论 a ponderous thesis/a lengthy speech (or article) 34）粗心大意 careless/ negligent 35）丰功伟绩 great（or magnificent）contributions. 36）灵丹妙药 miraculous cure /heal-all 37）自以为是，夜郎自大 self-conceited /arrogant 38) 以怨报德，恩将仇报 return kindness with ingratitude 39）低三下四, 奴颜卑膝 humble oneself 40）宽宏大量，既往不咎 forgive and forget 无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们都必须注意到原文中用同义词时所产生的强调成分。如上面第三例句中“dead and gone”译成“的确死了”，第四例句“forgive and forget”译成“非常宽容”，第五例句中“wise and clever”和“silly and foolish”分别译成“非常聪明”和“很笨”，第六例句中“shook and trembled”译成“不停地抖”，第七例句中culture and learning译成“很有学问”第九例句中aches and pains译成“百般疼痛”，第十一例句中right and proper译成“完全正确”，第二例句“cozy and comfortable”译成“非常舒适”，第十三例句中was surprised and taken aback译成“着实吃了一惊”第十四例句中“really and truly”译成“千真万确”第十五例句中“hustle and bustle”译成“拥挤不堪的场面”第二十一例句中“言和意顺，似漆如胶”译成“were in complete accord”，第二十三例句中“心动神怡，魂消魄丧”译成“was utterly enchanting”，第二十例句中“孤孤凄凄，举目无亲”译成“to be entirely your own”第二十九例句中“专心致志，聚精会神”译成“devote our full attention to” 第十一节 合句译法 一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，一个英语句子要比一个汉语句子具有更大的容量。因此，我们在汉译英时有必要，也有可能把两个或两个以上的汉语句子翻译成一个英语句子.比较口语化的英语句子也比较短，我们在英译汉时也经常要用合句译法,把两个或两个以上的英语句子翻译成一个汉语句子.请看下面的例句。 1) The young man was very miserable./ He has no money about him. / All his savings had been stolen.这个年轻人很惨，已落到了身无分文的地步，因为他所有的积蓄被窃。 2) Darkness fell. / An explosion shock the earth. / It did not shake his will to go to the front.夜幕降落时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。 3) That day, the President had an interview with her father. / Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle. 那天，总统会见了她的父亲，因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。 4) She is very busy at home. / She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，又要下厨。 5) 众人忙问端的。/他乃道：“原来本府新升的太爷姓贾名化，/ 本贯胡州人士，/ 曾与女婿旧日相交。”（曹雪芹红楼梦）Asked what had happened, he told them: “This new prefect, Jia Hua, is a native of Huzhou and an old friend of my son-in-law.” 6) 这贾菌亦系荣国府近派的重孙，/ 其母亦少寡，/独守着贾菌。（曹雪芹红楼梦） Jia Jun was a great-great-grandson of the Duke of Rongguo, and the only son of his mother who had been widowed early. 7)袭人之母也早迎了出来。/ 袭人拉了宝玉进去。（曹雪芹红楼梦） By now Xirens mother had come out to greet him too, and Xiren led Baoyu in. 8) 说毕，张道士方退出去。/ 这里贾母与众人上了楼，在正面楼上归坐。/ 凤姐等占了东楼。（曹雪芹红楼梦）Thereupon the priest withdrew ,while the Lady Dowager and her party went upstairs to sit in the main balcony, Xifeng and her companions occupying that to the east. 9) 邢夫人将方才的话只略说了几句，/ 贾赦无法，又含愧。（曹雪芹红楼梦）When Lady Xing gave her husband an abbreviated version of what the Lady Dowager had said, Jia She felt at a loss and bitterly mortified. 10) 贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。/ 谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。（曹雪芹红楼梦）As soon as she had gone Jia Lian went in to see Xifeng, who had woken up and heard him ask for a loan. 11) 笛声止了。/ 远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声。The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter. 12) 旧历新年快来了。/ 这是一年中的第一件大事。/ 除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳节的到来。（巴金家）The traditional New Year Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debtswhich traditionally had to be paid off before the end of the yearwas enthusiastically looking forward to it. 13) 只有吴荪甫的眼睛里却闪出了兴奋的光彩。/ 和孙吉人尚属初交，真看不出来这个细长脖子的小脑袋里倒怀着那样的高瞻远瞩的气魄。（茅盾子夜） However Wusunfus eyes gleamed with excitement, for Sun Jiren was a comparatively new acquaintance, and Wu sunfu had hardly expected that this man with his small head and long neck would turn out to be so far-sighted and unconventional. 采用合句译法时, 都是根据原文各句之间的逻辑关系, 在译文的句与句之间加上连接词语, 如汉语译文中的 “因为”, “如果”, “但是”, “又又” 以及英语译文中的 “and”, “while”, “when”, “so”, “but”, “because”, “for”, “as”, “who”等. 第十二节 缩句译法 所谓缩句译法, 就是根据原文的逻辑关系和译文的语言习惯, 把原文中的一个句子紧缩成译文中另一个句子的组成部分. 一般情况下, 我们把原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要的句子的组成部分, 大多紧缩成状语, 也有一部分紧缩成定语和同位语乃至主语. 请看下面的例句. 1) It was April 1945. the Second World War was coming to an end. 1945年4月, 第二次世界大战已接近尾声. (缩为状语) 2) She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家却照料病重的丈夫. (缩为定语) 3)They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and off there. 他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书. (缩为定语) 4) Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 她的父亲, 二次大战中一个杀人凶手, 竟当上了这个城市的市长.(缩为同位语) 5) 黛玉又忙命倒茶, 一面又使眼色与宝玉.宝玉会意, 便走了出来. Daiyu ordered tea, glancing at Baoyu as she did so. Taking the hint, he went out of the room.(缩为状语) 6) 他在去年夏天把十九岁的女儿小福子卖给了一个军人. 卖了二百块钱. (老舍) The summer before, he had sold his nine