短文改错规律探究.doc

戴氏英语学校 高中精品复读中心 高考短文改错规律探究1. 着手篇章，了解大意 考生做短文改错时，不应急于改错，而应先把文章浏览一遍，弄清文章的脉络层次和中心思想，把握作者所采用的时态、语态、人称和数。可以先把短文中明显的错误(如固定词组、词性、单复数)或认为有可能的错误(如句子结构的错误)用铅笔轻轻地标出来，为下一步正式改错做准备。 2. 逐句分析，依句改错 在短文改错中，题随行出、错随句生。因此，考生应在略读全文、把握文章中心思想的基础上，对文章进行逐行逐句研究，从词汇的用法、句子的结构到文章的篇章逻辑都要进行仔细地推敲，把错误之处一一改正过来，切不可孤立地依行改错。若一时发现不了错误，不要揪住一处不放而耽搁太多时间。可以在全文改完以后，再回过头来进行难点突破。若已改出了八、九处错误，剩余一两处实在找不出错误而时间又来不及时，则大胆地打上钩，不留空白。当然，有些考生在考试过程中由于紧张而脾气急躁，一看找不到错处就到处打勾，这也是不明智的。因为近几年来，该题的出题方式基本稳定，只有一处是正确的。3. 复读全文，检查核对考生在做完短文改错题后，务必要把已改好的短文复读一遍，查看是否出现疏漏或遗漏的地方，特别要注意时态、语态、代词所指及人称和数等篇章逻辑方面的问题，检查无误后方可定稿作答。2008高考英语短文改错分类解析名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. _(全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. _ (全国卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. _ (全国卷)(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. _ (全国卷)(5) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. _ (全国卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. _全国卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. _ (全国卷)(8) and often watch football match on TV together. _ (全国卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! _北京春季卷)(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. _ (全国卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. _ (北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. _ (全国卷)(13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. _ (全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. _ (全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. _ (北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. _ (全国卷)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” _ (江苏卷)(18) but after class we become stranger atonce. _ (全国卷)(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. _ (广西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby_ (浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when _ (福建卷)(22) Without enough knowledges,you can never teach well. _ (湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Women live longer than men in most country. _(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. _(3) Its said that all the ticket have been sold out. _(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV. _(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. _(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. _(7) As the day went by, she became less anxious. _(8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. _(9) Its one of the most interesting book that Ive ever read. _(10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. _(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. _(12) He hasnt lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. _(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. _(14) Hes getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. _(15) Theres a papers factory near our school. _2008高考英语短文改错分类解析-代词一、考点规律分析短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。二、真题单句归纳(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. _ (全国卷)(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. _ (全国卷)(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. _ (全国)(4) And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I. _ (全国卷)(5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. _ (全国卷)(6) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. _ (全国卷)(7) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. _ (全国卷)(8) Now I cant watch much television, but a few years ago _ (全国卷)(9) Now someone at home reads instead. _ (全国卷)(10) Im spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. _ (北京春季卷)(11) The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher talked to me. _ (全国卷)(12) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. _ (北京春季卷)(13) in any other words, I am an only child. _ (全国卷)(14) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldnt find. _ (北京春季卷)(15) Then he ate it all, by himself. He never helped other. _ (北京春季卷)(16) The three of them were very excited. _ (全国卷)(17) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son. _ (安徽春季卷)(18) According to studies, any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. ( ) (北京春季卷)(19) and tried to translate anything into English. _ (全国卷)(20) as I was learning to express me in simple English. _ (全国卷)(21) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. _ (全国卷)(21) At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. _ (江苏卷)(22) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own _ (浙江卷)(23) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life or study, the other would help him out. _ (天津卷)(24) Whats more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. _ (湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Here are some letters for you and he. _(2) She loves swimming. It keeps she fit. _(3) Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it. _(4) Everyone here gets up earlier than her does. _(5) Here is my dog. Its name is Petty. _(6) He opened mouth as if to say something. _(7) Dont lose your heart. Try again. _(8) The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own. _(9) I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me. _(10) He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers. _(11) When you are away from home, you should look after you. _(12) If you have any question, put up hand. _(13) Its a very important thing. You must think over carefully. _(14) I dont like these; please show me some other. _(15) In order to catch the thief, the police did his best. _(16) This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago. _(17) Im very sorry about all the whole thing. _(18) When I got up, I found parents were preparing breakfast for me. _(19) Yes, money is very important, but it is not anything. _(20) At the airport, all his baggage was stolen, but soon he got them back. _2008高考英语短文改错分类解析-冠词一、考点规律分析短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指) (全国卷)(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the，因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指) (全国卷)(3) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷)(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the，因health 表泛指) (全国卷)(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全国卷)(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the，因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)(7) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an，因 American 的读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the，captain 为特指) (全国卷)(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改为 one，one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个另一个”) (全国卷)(10) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)(11) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a，catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”) (全国卷)(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). (去掉 the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)(13) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为 the，因 same 前应用定冠词) (全国卷)(14) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是单数可数名词) (全国卷)(15) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改为 a diary，keep a diary 意为“写日记”) (全国卷)(16) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a，因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)(16) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (a 改为 the，因这不是泛指的周末，而是特指本周周末)(四川卷)(17) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)(18) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the，因这是特指的一场火灾) (福建卷)(19) As we all left home at early age, (early前加an，at an early age意为“在年幼时”) (天津卷)(20) My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改为cook，比较：cook=炊事员，cooker=炊具) (江苏卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.(2) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.(3) It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.(4) My friend Mary comes from an European country.(5) Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.(6) In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.(7) Only few of the children can read such books.(8) For long time neither of us spoke to each other.(9) Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.(10) Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.(11) She asked whether we came from a same city.(12) The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.(13) You dont know what wonderful time weve had.(14) People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.(15) Soon the plane was out of the sight.(16) Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.(17) In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.(18) You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it.【参考答案】(1) nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 为可数名词。(2) such 后加 a，dinner 受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。(3) a 改为 an，因 umbrella 的读音以元音开头。(4) an 改为 a，因 European 的读音不是以元音开头。(5) physics 前加 a，因 teacher 为可数名词。(6) small 前加 a，因 village 为可数名词，在句中表泛指。(7) few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修饰，即习惯上说 only a few。(8) long 前加 a，a long time 意为“很长一段时间”。(9) a 改为 the，此处为特指用法。(10) 第二个 A 改为 The，特指前面已提到的事物。(11) a 改为 the，因 same 前习惯上用定冠词，不用不定冠词。(12) 去掉 the，在此 snow 为泛指用法。(13) wonderful 前加 a，因 have a wonderful time 为习惯表达。(14) 去掉 the，因 make fun of 为习语，意为“取笑”。(15) 去掉 the，因 out of sight 为习语，意为“看不见”。(16) 去掉 the，因 take place为习语，意为“发生”。(17) the 改为 a，因 in a word 为习语，意为“总之”、“一句话”。(18) 去掉 the，因 in other words 为习语，意为“换句话说”。2008高考英语短文改错分类解析-形容词与副词一、考点规律分析 短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real，若改为 really，则修饰 tall；若改为 real，则修饰 building) (全国卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为 However，因此处语意转折) (全国卷)(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为 as long as，其意为“与一样长”) (全国卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as，因as . as 结构不完整) (全国卷)(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为 what) (全国卷)(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题) (全国卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改为 interested，be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”) (全国卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改为 importance，teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语) (全国卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改为 how，how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)(16) After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改为 practical，此处用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often，因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复) (全国卷)(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改为 How，句意为“不知其他家庭的情况是怎样的”) (全国卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly 改为 loud，与 strong 并列作定语，修饰 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改为different，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down，要表示“夜幕来临”，直接说 Evening came 即可) (全国卷)(22) although radios can be very noise. (noise 改为 noisy，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(23) all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. (real 改为 really，修饰动词要用副词) (北京春季卷)(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. (then 改为 now，just now 为习语，意为“刚才”) (安徽春季卷)(25) But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. (once 改为 any，not any more为习语，意为“不再”) (安徽春季卷)(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy) (全国卷)(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词) (年广西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改为 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“对感兴趣”时，用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词) (福建卷)(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词) (天津卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Ill try to be more carefully next time.(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.(4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.(9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?(11) Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.(12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.(13) I promise to return back before 10.(14) The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.(15) This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.(16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.(17) Oh, its simply wonderfully to see you here!(18) She is in more health now than she was last year.【参考答案】(1) carefully 改为 careful，用形容词作表语。(2) 去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。(3) few 改为 fewer，注意句中的 than。(4) 将 much 改为 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的比较。(5) most 改为 more，the morethe more 意为“越越”。(6) frightening 改为 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。(7) real 改为 really，修饰形容词用 really，不用 real。(8) difficult 改为 difficulty，用名词形式作介词 without 的宾语。(9) asleep 改为 sleeping, asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。(10) well 改为 good, nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。(11) rain 改为 rainy，此处用形容词作表语。(12) 去掉 down，因 set 相当于 go down，本身就包括了 down。(13) 去掉 back，或将 return 改为 come / be。因 return 相当于 come back 或 be back。(14) use 改为 useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。(15) mostly 改为 most，most 在此用于构成最高级。(16) warm 改为 warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。(17) wonderfully 改为 wonderful，用形容词作表语。(18) more 改为 better，为 in good health 的比较级形式。2008高考英语短文改错分类解析-介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。二、真题单句归纳(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷)(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”) (全国卷)(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)(6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)(7) I never knew about a