法律英语某些词汇及诉讼格式.doc

法律词汇系列盗窃枪支 crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备 theft of military equipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县 Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County得到证实 to be believed得利者 beneficiary抵触 contravene抵押 mortgage抵押品 pledge抵押物 mortgage地方人民检察院 Local Peoples Procuratorate地役权 easement第二审判庭 second tribunal第三者 the third party第一审判庭 first tribunal典当物 pledge调查 investigation调查报告 investigation调查取证 investigate and collect evidence调解 mediate调解和强制措施 mediation and enforcement measure调解书 mediation agreement调解书字号 Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立 formation定案结论 verdict定案理由 reason for decision定金 deposit定期减免所得税 regular reduction of income tax定性 determination on the nature丢弃 waive东北人民政府 Northeast Peoples Government东乡族自治县 Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会 board of directors动机 intention, motive冻干健康人血浆 frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆 frozen dry blood plasma冻结 freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县 Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪 narcotic drug crime渎职罪 crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为 independent wrong独立个案 individual cases独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit独立请求书 independent claim独立审判 independent adjudication断绝 cease提出具体意见 submit detailed opinions on对等原则 principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例 the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解 verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定 regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救 legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方 opposite party对令状的发出作确认 acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩 oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释 verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处 Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所 foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会 Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状 writ in rem对帐 reconcile, reconciliation多边公约 multilateral convention多边国际公约 multi-latreal international conventions多分 a larger share多头 long position, bull position多头仲裁 multiple arbitration多于一名人士 2 or more persons多元立法体制 plural legislative structure多元主义 pluralism峨边彝族自治县 Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县 Enshi Tujia Nationality Miao Nationality Autonomous County恩恤付款 ex gratia payment二审 second instance二审裁定书 order of second instance二审法院 Court of Second Instance二审判决书 written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一 the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other发回重审 remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人 consignor, shipper发生法律效力 be legally effective发现 discovery发行审核委员会 the Issuance Examination Commission发展规划 development plan上诉状格式中英文对照上诉人（一审被告）： 贸易有限公司，住所地 .法定代表人：苏庆国，公司经理。The Appellant （The defendant in the first instance）：被上诉人（一审原告）： 工程总公司第一工程公司，住所地 .法定代表人：柴跃进，公司经理。The Appellee （The plaintiff in the first instance）：上诉人因租赁合同一案，不服太原铁路运输法院（2001）太铁经初字第6号民事判决书，现依法提起上诉。The Appellant declines to accept the Civil Judgment with a number of （2001） Tai-Tie-Jing-Chu-Zi No 6 passed by Taiyuan Railway Transportation Court, in respect of the lease contract case, and hereby files the appeal according to law.上诉请求：APPEAL1.撤销太原铁路运输法院（2001）太铁经初字第6号民事判决书。2.依法认定、改判1998年5月14日上诉人与被上诉人签订的房屋租赁合同有效。3.被上诉人承担违约责任，并履行98年合同义务后，同意解除合同。上诉事实和理由：APPELATE FACTS AND REASONS：首先，上诉人对本案的基本和主导观点：Firstly, the Appellants basic and leading opinions about the case follow：上诉人认为，根据合同法倡导的当事人意思高度自治和契约自由的理念，以及目前司法实践中的主流执法观念，上诉人与被上诉人之间共存在三份合同，均应认定为有效合同。该三份合同的主体、标的物、价款基本一致。The Appellant maintains that in accordance with the mentalities of highly autonomous expression of intentions and contract freedom called for in the Contract Law, as well as the mainstream law-enforcing mentalities in judicial practice at present, there exist three contracts between the Appellant and the Appellee, which shall be deemed to be valid. The subjects, matters and considerations involved in the three contracts are basically identical.一、一审法院认定1998年5月14日上诉人与被上诉人签订的房屋租赁合同为无效合同，与法无据。I. The first-instance court ascertained that the house lease contract executed between the Appellant and the Appellee on May 14, 1998 was invalid. This ruling is not law-based.二、法院以被上诉人已履行了合同大部分义务，上诉人在双方订立合同时已在使用租赁房屋为由认定上诉人先履行抗辩权不能成立，这明显违反了合同法有关先履行抗辩权的规定。II. The court ascertained that the Appellants exercise of the right to avoid performing the contract as a defense against the Appellees breach by reason that the Appellee has performed a majority of the contractual obligations and the Appellant was using the lease house when the parties entered into the contract. This ruling is in material violation of the provision of the Contract Law in respect of the defensive refusal to perform the contract.其次，上诉人基于并不完全认可的一审法院判决的几点抗辩观点：Secondly, the following are some defensive opinions of the Appellant based on the first-instance judgment which cannot be fully accepted.一、一审法院以2001年后，上诉人与被上诉人之间存在事实租赁关系为由，判决上诉人比照2000年合同的租金标准承担租金，与法无据。I. The ruling of the first-instance court ordering the Appellant to pay the rental according to the rental standard prescribed in the contract of 2000 by reason that the Appellant was in an actual lease relationship with the Appellee subsequent to 2001 is not law-based.二、一审法院对被上诉人未履约的13平米问题的判决，存在明显的执法错误。II. The first-instance judgment on the 13 square meters in respect of which the Appellant failed perform the contract is explicitly wrong in law implementation.三、鉴于一审法院孤立执法（只处理2000年合同）的情况，则上诉人在2000年度以后已经给付的租金就不止贰万元。III. Given the isolated law execution by the first-instance court （i.e. it only considered the contract of 2000）, the Appellant has paid more than RMB20,000 in rental following 2000.四、即便按照在一审法院只处理2000年合同的情形下，对有关装潢不予补偿，亦不公平。IV. Even under the circumstance of only handling the contract of 2000 by the first-instance court, no compensation has been given to decoration, which is unfair either.综上所述，上诉人认为，上诉人与被上诉人之间共存在三份合同。被上诉人和一审法院对该三份合同在明知和已经查明的情况下，却有意割裂当事人之间的完整民事法律关系。从而造成一审判决存在片面、孤立执法（如只处理2000年合同），加重当事人的讼累。以及一审判决存在执法尺度、执法理念的不统一、不协调（如对13平米未追究违约责任）。还有一审判决存在越权司法、违法裁量（如处理2001年房租）的等等问题。为此，上诉人恳请二审法院，能在基于依法查明本案全部事实的基础上，均衡执法，做出公正的裁判！In view of the foregoing, the Appellant maintains that there have existed three contracts between the Appellant and the Appellee. The Appellee and the first-instance court has intentionally isolated the complete set of civil juristic relationships between the parties, thereby leading to one-sided judgment in the first instance and adding burden to the parties litigation efforts. Meanwhile, the criteria for law-enforcement were unbalanced and unharmonious in the first instance, coupled with other problems including entitled law application and illegal ruling. Therefore, the Appellant requests second-instance court to make a fair judgment on the basis of ascertaining all facts of this case.此致北京铁路运输中级法院To：Beijing Railway Transportation Intermediate Court上诉人： 贸易有限公司The Appellant： Trade Co., Ltd二00 年 月 日Date：附：本上诉状副本二份Attachment： two copies of the appeal仲裁裁决书中英文对照双方当事人：（1） 申诉方/反诉被诉方：卖方（2） 被诉方/反诉申诉方：买方Parties：（1） Claimant/counter-defendant： Seller（2） Defendant/Counter-claimant： Buyer仲裁地：Place of arbitration：事实FACTS1994年，双方当事人根据某种协议规格规定签署了3份买卖一种产品的合同。在收到货运单据后，买方即按合同规定，支付了全部合同价的90%.In 1994, the parties concluded three contracts for the sale of a product according to certain contract specifications. The buyer paid 90% of the price payable under each of the contracts upon presentation of the shipping documents, as contractually agreed.按第一和第三份合同提供的产品符合协议规格，第二批货物的规格在装运前就有过争议。产品抵达目的地后重新检验，发现其不符合协议规格。为便于脱手，经过某种处理，最终买方将产品卖给了第三方，损失惨重。The product delivered pursuant to the first and third contracts met the contract specifications. The conformity of the second consignment was dispute prior to its shipment. When the product was again inspected upon arrival, it was found that it did not meet the contract specifications. The product was eventually sold by the buyer to third parties at considerable loss, after having undergone a certain treatment to make it more saleable.卖方提请仲裁，要求收回10%的合同余款。买方提起反诉，声称应从卖方所索费用中扣除买方估计应由卖方赔偿买方的一笔费用，即：直接损失费、财务成本费、所损失的利润及利息费。The seller initiated arbitration proceedings to recover the 10% balance remaining due under the contracts. The buyer filed a counterclaim alleging that the sellers claim should be set off against the amounts which the buyer estimates to be payable to the buyer by the seller, i.e., the direct losses, financing costs, lost profits and interest.一、适用的法律I. APPLICABLE LAW（1） 鉴于合同未含有关实体法的任何条款，故法律问题应根据国际商会仲裁规则第13条第3款决定。根据该条规则，仲裁员们应适用它们认为适合的法律冲突规则所规定的准据法则。（1） The contract contains no provisions regarding the substantive law. Accordingly that law has to be determined by the Arbitrators in accordance with Art. 13（3） of the ICC rules. Under that article, the Arbitrators will apply the law designated as the proper law by the rule of conflicts which they deem appropriate.（2） 这是一个由不同国际的卖方和买方签署的在第三国交货的合同。买卖规定为船上交货，故风险在卖方所在国便转给了卖方。由此，卖方所在国似乎就成为与买卖关系最近的管辖地。（2） The contract is between a Seller and a Buyer （of different nationalities） for delivery （in a third country）. The sale was f.o.b. so that the transfer of risks to the Buyer took place in （the country of Seller）. （The country of Seller） accordingly appears as being the jurisdiction to which the sale is most closely related.（3） 有关国际货物买卖适用法律的1995年6月15日海牙公约在涉及销售合同时，将卖方现行居住地法律视为占支配地位的法律。买方所在国加入了海牙公约，卖方所在国则没有。尽管如此，法律冲突法的总趋势却是适用合同主要业务的债务人现行所在地的国内法。在销售合同中，此债务人为卖方。基于这些因素，卖方所在国的法律似乎便成了规定买卖双方之间合同的准据法。（3） The Hague Convention on the law applicable to international sales of goods dated 15 June 1995 （Art. 3） regarding sales contracts, refers as governing law to the law of the Sellers current residence. （The country of the Buyer） has adhered to the Hague convention, not （the country of the Seller）. However, the general trend in conflicts of law is to apply the domestic law of the current residence of the debtor of the essential undertaking arising under the contract. That debtor in a sales contract is the Seller. Based on those combined findings, （the law of the country of the Seller） appears to be the proper law governing the Contract between the Seller and the Buyer.（4） 至于卖方所在国法律的适用规则，仲裁员们依据的是双方当事人各自陈述的理由，以及仲裁员们从一位独立咨询人处所得的信息。根据国际商会仲裁规则第13条最后一段之规定，仲裁员们也将考虑相关的贸易惯例。As regards the applicable rules of （the law of the country of the Seller）, the Arbitrators have relied on the Parties respective statements on the subject and on the information obtained by the Arbitration from an independent consultant. The Arbitrators, in accordance with the last paragraph of Art. 13 of the ICC rules, will also take into account the relevant trade usage.二、反诉的可受理性II. ADMISSIBILITY OF THE COUNTERCLAIM（5） 仲裁庭认为，1980年4月11日的关于国际货物销售的联合国公约（通称维也纳公约）是现行贸易惯例的最好渊源，即使买卖双方所在国均不是公约的成员国，倘若买卖双方所在国均为公约成员国，在本案中，该公约不仅可考虑作为贸易惯例适用，而且还可作为法律适用（5） The Tribunal finds that there is no better source to determine the prevailing trade usage than terms of the United Convention on the International Sale of Goods of 11 April 1980, usually called the Vienna Convention. This is also even though neither （the country of the Buyer） nor （the country of the Seller） are parties to that Convention. If they were, the Convention might be applicable to this case as a matter of law and not only as reflecting the trade usage.（6） 维也纳公约已在17个国家生效，考虑用它适用于国际货物销售中的不符规格事项有通用惯例，应属合情合理。维也纳公约第38条第1款规定买方负有“当场检查或叫人检查货物”的责任。买方应在注意或应当注意到瑕疵后的合理期限内通知卖方货物不符合合同的规格；否则，他将丧失就上述不符规格而提起索赔的权利。第39条第1款具体规定道：“如买方在交货后两年之内没有通知卖方，无论如何，买方都将丧失在货物不符规格问题上的申诉权利，除非此种不符规格构成了对长期担保的违背”。（6） The Vienna Convention, which has been given effect to in 17 countries, may be fairly taken to reflect the generally recognized usage regarding the matter of the non-conformity of goods on international sales. Art. 38（1）of the Convention puts the onus on the Buyer to “examine the goods or cause them to be examined promptly”. The buyer should then notify the Seller of the nonconformity of the goods within a reasonable period as of the moment he noticed or should have noticed the defect； otherwise he forfeits his right to raise a claim based on the said non-conformity. Art. 39（1） specifies in the respect that： “In any event the buyer shall lose the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he has not given notice thereof to the seller within a period of two years from the date on which the goods were handed over, unless the lack of conformity constituted a breach of guarantee covering a longer period.”（7） 本案中，买方在合理的期限内已对货运作过检查，因为在货物抵达之前，一位专家曾被请去检查过装船。买方也应被认定在合理的期限内，即在专家报告公布后的8天内，就产品瑕疵作过通报。（7） In the circumstances, the Buyer had the shipment examined within a reasonable time-span since （an expert） was requested to inspect the shipment even before the goods had arrived. The Buyer should also be deemed to have given notice of the defects within a reasonable period, that is eight days after the experts report had been published.（8） 仲裁庭认为，就本案情况而言，买方遵守了上述维也纳公约的要件规定。这些要件要比卖方所在国的法律的规定灵活许多。卖方所在国法律所规定的买方通知卖方的时限特别短，特别具体，在这点上，似乎是通用的贸易惯例的一种例外。（8） The Tribunal finds that, in the circumstances of the case, the Buyer has complied with the above-mentioned requirements of the Vienna Convention. These requirements are considerably more flexible than those provided under （the law of the country of the Seller）. This law, by imposing extremely short and specific time requirements in respect of the giving of the notice of defects by the Buyer to the Seller appears to be an exception on this point to the generally accepted trade usage.（9） 无论如何，也应当认定卖方已经丧失了援引维也纳第38和第39条有关产品不符规格的任何规定的权利，因为第40条规定：“只有卖方知道，或他不可能不知道，或他没有透露有关的不符规格的事实，他便不能适用第38和第39条规定”。实际看来这也是事实，因为书证和口证都清楚表明卖方知道且不可能不知道提交的货物不符合同规格规定。（9） In any case, the Seller should be regarded as having forfeited its right to invoke any non-compliance with the