2011高考英语复习资1.doc

高考英语复习资料重要句型及词组(I)I: 选自上海市高级中学英语统编教材: (1-6册)1.句型: A. 表同范围内的比较:1) more than any other + 单数的可数名词 2) than any of the other +名词复数3) than any of the others 4) than anyone/anything else B. 表不同范围内的比较: more than any + 名词 (单数/复数都可以)e.g. China is larger than any country in Africa. 注: 中国在亚洲,和非洲是不同的范围.2.To ones surprise/ joy/ disappointment/astonishment, etc. ( 置句首作状语 ) 又: in surprise/ in joy / in fear/ in shock, etc. ( 置句尾作状语)3.句型: Would you like to do? Would you please do? Do you feel like doing?Would you be so kind as to do? ( 注意划线部分的形式)4.second only to sb. / sth. “仅次于某人/某物”; second to none “第一, 一流”5.句型: Its + adj. + enough for sb to do sth. (也称不定式复合结构)6.句型: Its not long before= It wont be long before “不久/ 没多久就” Its long before=It will be long before “过很久才”7.句型: A: no more than:1) 表数量: “仅仅,只有,不过是” (=only, 数量唯一) e.g. The boy who can play the piano very well is no more than ten years old. 那个钢琴弹得很好的男孩只有十岁.2) 程度比较: “同一样不; 两者都不” (此形式含贬义) e.g. Tom is short. & Jack is short too. 合并为: Jack is no taller than Tom. Jack同Tom一样不高. 注: 此句型可改为”as + 反义的形容词 + as”的形式 Jack is as short as Tom. Jack同Tom一样矮.B: not more than 1) 表数量: “最多,不超过” (=at most)e.g. The girl who can play the violin very well is not more than ten.那个小提琴拉得很好的女孩最多十岁.2) 程度比较: “不比更” (属正常情况比较) e.g. John is a tall boy. & Bob is taller than John. 合并为: John is not taller than Bob. John 不比Bob 更高.又: 1) sth is more than sth: “超出, 不仅仅是” e.g. The bookstore is more than a place where we can buy new books, and we can relax ourselves there.2)(not) any more than: “同一样不” e.g. I could not do that any more than you. 我同你一样不能做.3)be more + n. / adj. + than n. /adj. “与其说是, 倒不如说是” e.g. The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar (book). (这本书看来与其说是一本语法书,倒不如说是一本词典.8.句型: The more, the more(will) “越, 越” (后半句的谓语常用将来时态.)e.g. The larger vocabulary you have, the easier you will find it to read English newspapers9.sth be resistant to + n. =be proof against + n. “耐(热), 防(水,火)etc.”e.g. Rubber is resistant to water.= Rubber is proof against water. 橡胶能防水. 又: 1) resist sth “耐, 抗”, sb resist doing sth “抵制做”e.g. resist heat 耐热 resist rejection 抗感染2) sb cant resist doing sth=sb cant help doing sth “忍不住做,情不自禁地做”10.at ones own convenience “在自己认为方便的时候”, for convenience “为方便起见” If (it is) convenient to you, .= If (it is) not inconvenient to you,. 如果你方便的话. 注: 此句型不能用you 作主语e.g. If it is quite convenient to you, I will be with you next Tuesday.sth appeal to sb / sth be available / accessible / peculiar to sb.11.take advantage of sth to do sth 趁机利用某物做 take advantage of sb 占某人便宜;欺骗 have an advantage over sb/sth 占优势; 超过某人/某物12.have some trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth “做某事有麻烦/有困难 注: trouble, difficulty均为不可数名词, in可省略 have trouble/difficulty with sb/sth “对某人/某事有麻烦/困难”13.be obliged to do sth”被迫做某事” (指客观情况所限,被迫做” be obliged to sb “感激某人” =be grateful / thankful to sb for (doing ) sth e.g. We are much obliged to you for your help. 非常感激你对我们的帮助.be forced to do sth “被迫做” (指用暴力,胁迫某人做)have to do sth “不得不做” (指客观条件限制,不得不做)14. “对某人,某事感到厌烦,厌倦”: be /grow tired of sb/sth(侧重体力上的厌倦) be/ get bored with sb/sth (侧重精神上的厌烦) be fed up with sb/sth (侧重吃厌,吃腻某物,也有厌烦某人的意思)15.倍数的用法:1)A is + 倍数 + as +adj. + as B 2) A is + 倍数 + more than +B3)A is + 倍数 + the size of B ( 与size同类的名词有:length, height, width, depth, weight etc)注: “倍数”用 “数字 + times” 来表示 once一倍 twice/double二倍e.g. Our school playground is twice larger theirs. Our school playground is three times as large as theirs. Our school playground is three times the size if theirs.又: The Oriental TV Tower is four times the height of the Park Hotel. 东方明珠塔是国际饭店高度的四倍.16.be in touch with sb = be in contact with sb与某人有联系/接触 (表状态) get in touch with sb = make contact with sb 与某人取得联系 (表动作) contact (vt) 与联系,接触 e.g. Please contact our company. keep in touch with sb=keep in contact with 与某人保持联系 (指两次以上的联系)17.seem 的用法:1) seem to be + n./ adj.= seem + n./ adj. 否定意义: seem not to be=dont seem to be2) seem to do (一般式) seem to be done (一般式的被动) seem to be dong ( 进行式)seem to have done (完成式) seem to have been done (完成式被动)3) It seems (to sb) that It seems to me that I have been neglecting my health.It seems/seemed +adj. + thatIt seems likely that he will miss next match.4) It seems as if (虚拟语气) It seemed as if the end of the world had come.5) There seem(s)/seemed to be + 主语 (sb/sth)某处似乎有人,有物18.sth be made up of sth= sth be composed of sth 某物由某物组成 (被动意义) sth consist of sth 某物由某物组成 (没有被动语态,不用进行时) 注: 使用词词组时主语和宾语不能搞错. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. consist in: 存在于 e.g. Happiness consists in appreciating what you have. make up for: 弥补的不足 Diligence/Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.19. 1) sth be available to sb (in sw) 某处向人提供,供应某物 e.g. All kinds of books are available to students in our school library.A variety of goods are available to customers in the supermarket. 注: 此结构一定要以供应物作主语,不能用某处作主语 2) sb be not available 某人不在 e.g. If I am available when you phone, ask for my secretary. 假如你打电话来我不在,可叫我的秘书接听.3) sth be available for + 时间段. 某物的有效期(天)e.g. The train ticket will be available for three days. 此火车票的有效期是三天.20. on the contrary “正相反,恰恰相反” (独立使用,作状语) contrary to sth “和相反” (作状语); be contrary to”与恰好相反” (作谓语) 区别: by contrast / by comparison对比之下 21.句型: sb see to it that 1) 注意 2) 务必,保证 e.g. Could you see to it that you are not late for class tomorrow?22.句型: sb would rather do sth than do sth = sb would do sth rather than do sth宁可做某事而不愿做另件事.23.句型: Its better to do sth than to do / Youd better (not) do sth最好做/不做某事24. mistake sb for sb/ mistake sth for sth 把某人/某物错当作某人/某物 (主动) sb/sth be mistaken for sb/sth 某人/某物被误认为是某人/某物 (被动) 同义: sb/sth be / get confused with sb/sth把搞错/弄错; 混淆某事 e.g. You cant confuse black and white. 你不能混淆黑白.25.sth be underway= be under construction 某事正在进行(指某工程,某建筑正在建造中) sth be in progress 某事正在进行 (指某活动,会议,考试等正在进行中)26.句型: Where there be, there will be. “哪里有哪里就有” (后半句谓语常用将来时) e.g. Where there is water, there will be rm sb of sth /inform sb that 告诉/通知某人/某事 keep informing sb of sth = keep sb informed of sth 使某人随时知道/了解某事28.come to do终于,逐渐 (含渐渐地意思) e.g. come to see/ realize/ know/ understand/ love/ like sth/ sbetc.逐渐明白/ 意识 /知道/ 理解/ 爱上/ 喜欢某事/某人29. sb compare sth with sth = sth be compared with sth 把某物与某物比较 compared with sth/sb, 与某物/某人比较 (放句首, 作状语) by/ in comparison (with sth/sb) 与比较, 相比较 (介词短语作状语) beyond comparison = without comparison 无与伦比30. “lack” 的用法:1) lack (vt) sth 缺乏,缺少某物e.g. What the boy lacks are his confidence and courage.这男孩缺乏的是信心和勇气.2) the lack (n.) of sth 某物缺乏 / 缺少 (the 可省略)e.g. Some wounded soldiers were dead due to the lack of medical and timely treatment. 一些伤员因缺乏药品和及时的治疗而失去了生命.3) be lacking (adj.) in sth = be short of sth 缺乏 / 缺少某物 e.g. The flood victims are lacking in water, food and clothing. 灾民们缺水,缺粮,缺衣.注: 试用以上三种形式表达同一意思, 例: 由于缺乏资金, (作状语) e.g. 1) Lacking funds, 2) Because of the lack of funds, 3) Being lacking in funds31.句型: have no choice but to do sth 别无选择,只得 (but后的不定式to不能省略)e.g. The enemy had no choice but to give up. 敌人别无选择只得投降.同义: 1) notbut + n. / to do; 除了, 没有; 不能, 只得e.g. I did not eat anything last night but some bread. (名词) I didnt have my supper last night but to eat some cakes. (不定式)2) no + n. but + n./ to do; (同上)e.g. John had no money with him but a credit card. (名词) Brown had no money to buy a new bike but to borrow some (money) from his sister. 3) nothing but + n. / to do sth ( 同上) e.g. Mary ate nothing this morning but two eggs. Simon knew nothing about the new theory but to ask her teacher for help.4)nothing to do but do sth (同上) (but 前有行动词do 的任何形式时, “to”省略)e.g. Yesterday evening I had nothing to do but watch TV series.The parents were powerless to do anything except wait.家长无能为力只能等待.32.at Harolds = at the Harolds 1) 哈罗德快餐店 2) 在哈罗德的家注: 表示某人的家或所开的店,厂,公司等有三种形式:1) 以姓氏 + s表示 ( 但如姓氏前有the的话,后面用s 形式,详见题首).2) 以称呼 + s 表示 3) 以身份,职业 +s 表示e.g. at my uncles/ aunts在我叔叔/婶婶家; at the barbers/ tailors 在理发店 / 裁缝店 又: the Smiths (表示人) 1) 史密斯夫妇俩 2) 史密斯一家人 3) 史密斯兄弟几个 区别: call on the Smiths 拜访史密斯夫妇俩(一家人) call at the Smiths 去史密斯家, 办公室拜访原词组: call at sbs place (常用house, office表示)33.about five minutes walk = a five-minute walk 大约五分钟的步行 a ten minutes rest /break 十分钟休息 an hours ride一小时的开车路程34.句型: It occurred to me that我突然想起It never occurred to me that从未想起 e.g. It never occurred to me that I could win the first place in the physics contest. 又: sth occur(s) to sb = sth hit(s) sb = sth come(s) to sb = sth strike(s) sb 某人突然想起 e.g. Suddenly a new idea occurred to me that I could use water instead of oil.35.prefer sth to sth. / prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do sth. / prefer to do sth than do sth 宁可做某事, 而不做另件事36.句型: It is said that sb/ sth 据说某人/某事” (从句形式) 同类型还有: It is believed/ reported/known/expected/thought thatsb/sth is said/believed/reported/ known/expected/thought to do (跟动词不定式形式 ) 注: 此结构中的不定式 to do 有时态,语态变化,与seem to do 的结构的变化相同详见No. 17内容37.in some cases 在某些情况下 in most cases 在大多数情况下 in case 如果, 假如, 万一 (起连词作用,引导条件状语从句) in case if 万一, 如果发生 (后接短语,常位于句首) in the case of sb/sth 至于, 就某人/某事来说 in this/ that case 假如这样/那样的话 in no case 决不 (置句首要倒装) in any case 无论如何,总之 e.g. Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell/ turn to the fire brigade(消防队) for help. In the case of a physical change no new substance is formed. 就物理变化来说,没有新的物质产生. In no case are you to leave your post. 在任何情况下你决不能离岗.38substitute (vt.)A for B 用A 代替B A substitute(vi) for B A 代替B e.g. She substituted a fake diamond for the original. 她用假钻石代替原来的.Can you substitute for (go instead of ) me at the meeting? 你代我去开会好吗?substitute n. 代用品,代替物e.g. Now we often use plastics as a substitute for wood. 现在我们常用塑料做木材的代用品. Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.类似的: replace sb / sth ; take the place of sb/ sth ; (be) instead of sb/ sth 取代,代替某人(物)39.To the east of sw. lies/ is + 主语 = East of sw. lies/ is (省略To the) “在某处的东面有,坐落着” lie in sw. “位于, 坐落于” (指位于某大范围内) lin on sw. 同上 (指在某范围的边缘; 指两地相邻) lie to sw. 同上 ( 指两地相隔, 不在同一范围内) 同义: be located in/ at/ by/ near sw. = be situated in/ at/ by sw. 位于/坐落于 (注: 以上两个结构中不用介词to )40.句型: This is not necessarily so. 未必如此 = It is not necessarily so.e.g. Rich people are not necessarily happy. Good-looking food doesnt necessarily taste good. 又: It must necessarily be so.必然如此41.So far as I, = As far as I know, = To my knowledge, 据我所知42.many a + n. (单数) 不止一个; e.g. Many a teacher has reminded me of my handwriting. Not a + n. (单数)没有一个; e. g. Not a student can answer this difficult question.Not all + n. (复数)并非所有的都 (谓语动词常用复数) e.g. Not all the students went to visit the Shanghai Museum. 又: Not all that glitters is gold.= All is not gold that glitters.并非所有能发光的东西是金子.43.与”little”, “bit”有关的词组:1) not a little: (不是一点点), 大大地,非常地 (very much)2) not a bit 一点也不 = notat all3) quite a bit 相当多 4) a little bit少许,有点儿 5) bit by bit 一点一点地,渐渐地6) just a little 一点,一些(就够了)44.do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人忙 ask/ beg sb a favour = ask/beg a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 be in sbs favour 受某人欢迎 be in favor of sb/ sth 支持/赞同某人/某事45.sth be worth doing 某事值得做 (主动形式表被动含义) sth be worth + n. 某物价值 (该名词表钱数,价值,价格, etc.) e.g. The gold watch is worth 5,000 yuan. = That gold watch is worth its price. 值那个价 注: 1) worth不能作定语,也不能单独作表语, 但可用worthwhile代worth3) worth 如需修饰词只能用well, 不能用very.又: sth be worthy of being done = sth be worthy to be done 某事值得做 e.g. The novel is worthy of being read. = The novel is worthy to be read. sth/sb be worthy of + n. 值得尊敬,重视的人和事; 配得上 e.g. That student is worthy of the praise. 注:此结构中的名词是除去钱数,价值,价格外的意思. 另外: It is worthwhile to do sth/ doing sth 做是值得的.46.devote ones life/ oneself to (doing) sth = dedicate ones life to (doing) sth 献身于, 奉献 =give ones life for 为献身 devote ones time/ energy to (doing) sth 把时间/精力奉献给 sb be devoted to (doing) sth 忠诚于,忠实于,献身于47.connect, join, link, relate, combine, associate 等词使用时的异同:1) sth connect with sth = sth be connected with sth 与连接; 与有关联 (指相同的东西)2) join sth to sth (with sth) = sth be joined to sth 某物和某物连接 (指用第三物连接)3) sth link to/ with sth = sth be linked to sth 某物与某物联系,结合起来link sth to / with sth 把某物和某物联系在一起 (常指抽象的物)e.g. We should link our ideals to the needs of our motherland.4) sth relate to sth = relate sth to sth 把某物与某物联系起来sb be related to sb. 某人与某人有亲戚关系5) combine sth with sth 使和相结合 (指不同的东西)sth/sb be combined with sth/ sb. 和相结合/合并6) associate sth with sb = sth /sb be associated with sb和某人有联系/联合从事; 看到就联想到e.g. The case is associated with Jack. 那个案件与Jack 有关系. People associate China with the Great Wall, which is the symbol of China. 人们看到中国就会联想到长城, 她是中国的象征. I am associated with Xiao LI in the test of that new invention. 我和小李联合从事那项新发明的试验. 48. 1) be anxious to do sth ; be anxious for sth 渴望做,急切地想做; 渴望某事 be anxious about sb/ sth = be worried about sb/sth 为担心/忧虑 2) be eager to do sth 渴望做,迫切做 be eager for sth 渴望某事 3) long to do sth 渴望做某事, 极想做 long for sth 渴望某事 4) be keen to do sth渴望做某事,热心做 be keen on (doing) sth 喜爱某物; 爱好做某事 5) be dying to do sth 迫切做,极想做 (牛津教材的词组)49. 1) sth go with sth = sth match sth (物与物) 相配,吻合 2) sth suit sb 某物与人相配 (强调颜色,款式上的相配) 3) sth fit sb 某物与人相配 (强调大小,长短,尺寸上的合身)比较: sb be fit(adj,) for sth 某人适合某事; 称职,合乎标准 fit in with sth 适应,符合某事50.几种重要句型的对比: 1) It is + 强调内容 + that / who (指人) (强调句型) 注: 如强调内容是时间,地点状语,一定带介词; 如没有介词则属定语从句形式. e.g. It is on Sunday morning that we visited the Shanghai Museum. (强调句)It is Sunday morning when we visited the Shanghai Museum. (时间状语从句)2)It is + 一段时间 since + 主语 + 谓语 (用过去时) (此句型专用于不延续动词的完成时) e.g. My brother has bought the new English dictionary for three days. ( Wrong ) It is three days since my brother bought the new English dictionary. (Right)3)It is (high) time that did/were 4) It is the first time that have done4) It is + adj. (important/necessary/essential) that(should) do (主语从句虚拟)II选自高中英语牛津教材: (1-6册)1.go to any / some/ all / great length(s) to do sth 竭尽全力作某事,不遗余力做 = make efforts to achieve sth e.g. The politician would go to any length to win the election.那位政治家将竭尽全力赢得选举. at length 最后,终于 at full length 充分地,详细地e.g. You should give all the facts at full length. 你应该提供详细资料.2.adapt sb to (doing) sth=sb be adapted to (doing) sth 使适应 sb adapt to sth 某人适应某事 e.g. We should adapt our teaching methods to meeting the new vided (that)/ Providing (that) = If 假如 (放在句首) on condition that 假如, 以为条件 (作conj. 放句中) e.g. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here this Sunday morning. 假如没有反对意见,我们将在星期天上午在这里开会.4.marrowly miss (doing) sth = only just miss (doing) sth 差点儿做某事, 勉强没做 e.g. Our car went too fast and narrowly missed hitting the other one.我们的车开得太快差一点撞上另一辆车.5.be inferior to = be worse in quality or value 不如, 次于 be superior to = be better in quality or value 比优越; 优于 e.g. Of the two films, I think this one is inferior/ superior to that one.make sb feel inferior 使某人感到自卑, 感到不如别人 be inferior/ superior/ senior / junior to (没有比较级)6.be fascinated by = be attracted by/ be struck by 被迷住;被强烈地吸引住 e.g. Take a boat trip along the Lijiang River, and you will be fascinated by the oddly-shaped hills and peaks along the river.sb be obsessed with /by sth=sb be given / addicted to sth 某人被某事缠住,迷住心窍,沉缅于某事 (含贬义) e.g. That boy was obsessed with playing video games every day.7.have a guilty conscience 感到有罪,内疚; 问心有 have a clear/ good conscience 无罪感, 问心无愧 e.g. No one was injured, so the driver had a clear conscience.Although no one was injured, the driver had a guilty conscience.8.feel on top of the world 感到极为愉快 ( 注意top 前没有the) e.g. Our hair-styles will make you feel on top of the world.9.have a gift/ a talent/ a genius for (doing) sth 有的天赋,天才 e.g. My elder brother has a gift for learning languages/ a genius for physics.我哥哥有学语言/物理的天赋. a gifted/talented musician 一个有天赋的音乐家 be gifted/talented in/ at/ with sth 在方面有天赋10.decorate sw. for sth (为过节) 装饰某处 e.g. Decorate the house for National Day. Sth be decorated with sth 用装饰起来 e.g. On National Day, the streets in Shanghai are all decorated with flags and color lights. decorate sb with a medal 授予某人勋章11.congratulate sb on sth 为某事祝贺某人 compliment(vt.) sb on sth; pay sb a compliment (n) on sth 就某事赞美/钦佩某人 e.g. The professor complimented the young man on the courage of his own opinions.教授赞扬了那年轻人敢于提出自己的意见/主张. give/ present a compliment to sb 赞扬/恭维某人 (新世纪教材)12.come in handy = be useful 迟早有用 (注意介词不是into) e.g. Keep at old bucket. It might come in handy one day.把那旧木桶放好,将来可能有用. sp be handy for sp = sp be convenient for sp 某处离某处方便/ 很近 Eg. My house is handy / convenient for the school.13.make/leave/create/ produce a good/deep/lasting/bad impression on sb 给某人留下好/深刻的/永久的/坏的印象 impress sb with sth, sb be impressed by/ with sth 某事给某人留下印象 impress sth on sb 某事使某人铭刻在心 have an impression of / about sb/sth 有某人/某物的印象 e.g. The beautiful scenery of the Bund leaves a lasting impression on all the tourists 外滩的美景给所有的旅游者留下了不可磨灭的印象. 比较: What are your impressions of /about Shanghai? 你对上海