高一英语校本教研.doc

Unit 1 Friendship单元要点预览词汇部分部短语归纳对写作有帮助的短语词语辨析1. ignore / neglect / overlook 2. cheat / fool3. calm / quiet / silent / still4. join / join in / take part in / attend词形变化1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的重点单词1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历5. disagree vt. 不同意重点词组1.add up合计2.go through 经历；经受3.on purpose 故意4.get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展5.in order to 为了重点句子1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 3. it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.重点语法Direct Speech and Indirect Speechstatements and questions 拓展练习导学案语言要点(模块)一、短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend2. 做下列调查 make the following survey3. 合计总分 add up the score4. 得分 get points5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset 6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)9. 松开了 get loose10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors 11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam 12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests 14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editors advice 16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss 18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers 20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face 21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars 23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries二、.词语辨析 1. ignore / neglect / overlook 【解释】ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1We could not afford to _ such a serious offence.2). He utterly _ my warnings and met with an accident.3). Dont _ paying him a visit now and then.答案: 1). overlooked2). ignored 3). neglect2. cheat / fool【解释】cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). You may get _ in that shop.2). He cant _ her. She sees through him every time.答案:1). cheated2). fool3. calm / quiet / silent / still【解释】calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Please stand _ while I take your photo.2). Why do you keep _?3). Everything was _.4). He remained _ in the face of the enemy.答案: 1). still2). silent3). quiet4). calm4. join / join in / take part in / attend【解释】join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Can I _ the game?2). Did you _ the fighting?3). He _ the army last year.4). A lot of people _ her wedding.答案: 1). join in2). take part in3). joined 4）attended三.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的 3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) I cant _ his rudeness any longer. (ignore)2) To say you were _ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)3）We are in complete _ of your plans. (ignore)4）There is _ light inside the cave. (dusk)5）The street lights come on at _ and go off at dawn. (dusk)6）Many words have been _ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)7) Theyve just had an _ to the family. (add)8) There are _ charges. (add)答案: 1) ignore2)ignorant3) ignorance4) dusky 5) dusk6) added7) addition8) additional四.重点词汇 1. upset adj.=unhappy； feeling uncomfortable 心烦意乱的，不愉快的He felt upset at the news.vt.=make sb. unhappy 使不安典例 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。2). Dont upset yourself - no harm has been done. 不要难过-并没有造成伤害。3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。重点用法be upset by 被 打乱upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼练习 用upset的适当形式填空1). Is it _ you, dear? 2). She felt rather _ on hearing the news. 3). Is it an _ message?4). Dont be _. It will be OK.答案: 1). upsetting2). upset3). upsetting4).upset2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系典例 1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。2). The boys poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。3). Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。重点用法as / so far as be concerned 关于；至于；就而言be concerned about 关心be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与有关，参与练习 用concern的适当形式填空1). There is an article that _ the rise of the prices. 2). The children are rather _ about their mothers health. 3). Officials should _ themselves _ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern with3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解决典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。重点用法settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在定居练习 中译英1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？答案: 1). Its eleven oclock now, but she cannot settle to work. 2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历典例 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗? 2). Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。重点用法suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛 不适 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:练习 中译英1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。2).他的脚痛得不得了。答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 2). He suffers terribly with his feet.5. disagree vt. 不同意典例 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。重点用法disagree with sb/what sb says/sbs decision 不同意某人的观点某人的话/某人的决定练习 中译英1). 罗马的报道与米兰的不符。2). 他不同意让我早些回家。Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan.2). He disagreed to let me go home early.6. ignorevt.=pay no attention to别轻视小错，它们会造成大事故。Dont ignore small mistakes. They may cause big accidents.Alison ignored her doctors advice about drinking and smoking.ignorant adj.=knowing too little； lacking knowledgeMany people ignorant their rights.ignorance of /about sth. n.The workers were in complete ignorance of the managements plans.典型考题：Always by the parents， John feels sad in the heart but he doesnt show it.A. ignoring B. ignored C. being ignored D. to be ignoring7. calmadj. =not excited， worried or angry； quietTry to keep calm, theres no need to panic.v. =to make sb. quiet or calmLook， calm down！ We will find her.喂，镇静一点，我们会找到她的。We waited inside until things calmed down.我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。典型考题：The police chief advised his men to stay and not lose tempers.A. still B. quiet C. silent D. calm五.重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. add up 加起来典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？短语归纳add () to . （把什么）加入中 add up to 加起来是练习 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空1). Will you _ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _ a large one. 3). 50 _ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). Added高考链接：There have been several new events to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. add B. to add C. adding D. added2. go through 经历；经受典例 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。2). Shes been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说（做）吧go by走过，（时间）过去go along with向前，（与）一起去go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升练习 用go 构成的词组填空1). It is wise not to _ with this plan.2). Prices _ a little now. People are happy.3). Anyway, dont always_ at night by yourself.4). I am tired. I want to _ now.答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地典例 The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。短语归纳do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地练习用 purpose的相关词汇填空1). He didnt do it _. 2). What was your _ ?答案: 1). on purpose2). purpose4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展典例1). He is not easy-going. Its very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？短语归纳get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与相处得好/不好，进展顺利/不顺利get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下get down to (doing)开始认真干get over克服，摆脱get through通过，做完 get together聚集练习 中译英1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? 2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2). Shes got her old job back.5. in order to 为了（可置于句首或句中）典例 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。短语归纳 in order that以便（后跟句子）so that以便（后跟句子）so as to为了（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）练习 中译英1 他早早动身好按时到达。 2 她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。答案: 1He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time. 2. In order to get everything ready by 6 oclock, she worked hard.高考链接：prevent her from attending the meeting， he took away the key to their car .A. So as to， by mistake B. In order to， on purposeC. In order to， to her surprise D. So as to， in surprise6. set down=write downI have the details set down here in my notes.我已将详细内容记到了我的笔记本上。Why dont you set your plan down on a paper.=put downPlease set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处让我下车。set out 出发， 开始 set up 建立 set off 动身，出发词组辨析：He was asked _ the facts just as he remembered them.We _at 3 oclock this morning.The government has _a committee to inquire into the problem.7.face to face 面对面地 (在句中作状语)face-to-face 面对面的 (作定语)类似的还有heart to heart 坦诚地shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地back to back 背对背地Ex.She stood _ (面对面地) with him.We had _ (面对面的交谈).That night they talked _ (坦诚地) with each other.8. should have done sth本来应该做某事 (而实际上没做， 含有责备的意味) should not have done 本来不该做某事(而实际上已做)He looks upset. I _ _. (本不该告诉他这个坏消息）You are late. You _ _. (本应该早五分钟来）高考链接：I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps I have driven her there.A. could B. must C. might D. should9. get to do = have do使做get doing=have doing 使一直做He got/had the light burning all the night.getdone=havedone 使被I got my watch lost.He had his homework finished yesterday.高考链接：You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained选用列词组的正确形式填空。on purpose； no longer； hide away； set down； in order to； face to face1. I dont know why they had to _ for such a long time.2. You make it sound as if I did it _！3. I think it is _ a secret. It is being talked everywhere in the town.4. Why dare you not speak to Harry _？5. You neednt _ everything that the teacher says in class.6. _ earn enough money， he often works late into the night.六.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。解释 with复合结构：with + 宾语+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。典例1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty. 2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand). The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes). 3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy. 4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved. With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger. 5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), were sure to have a pleasant journey. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 练习 中译英：1. 那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了。2. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。3. 随着冬天的到来，天气越来越冷。答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it. 2. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐解释 as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以方式”。Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，“由于，因为”。As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。5) 引导比较状语从句。She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。练习 中译英1. 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣。2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。3. 他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。 答案： 1. As l get older l get more interested in science 2. As it is raining hard，youd better put on your raincoat 3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam3. It is/was thetime that 第几次解释 that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.练习 中译英1 这是他第二次来中国。2这是我第一次举办画展。答案： 1. It is the second time that he has come to China. 2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.4. I wonder if /whether我不知是否I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.I wonder if you can help me.典型例题：I wonder who he is， where he came from and why he came.5. She found it difficult to settleShe 主语 found 谓语 it 形式宾语 difficult 宾补 to settle 真正宾语find/ make/ think/ it +宾补+to doI find it difficult to talk with you about anything serious.I think it necessary to tell them all about the matter.典型考题：I dont think _possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. this B. that C. its D. it6. 强调句It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他成分It was at 8 oclock _ I went back home last night.A. that B. when C. which D. what_you missed such a fine lecture？A. How it was that B. It was how that C. How was it that D. Was it how thatI just wonder _ that makes you so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is高考链接：It was not until she got home _ Mary realized she had lost her keys.A. that B. when C. where D. before七、重点语法：直接引语变间接引语1. 概念：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连接词连接，间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接主句。（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.（二）时态的变化 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。He says, “I have been writing a novel.”- He says that he has been writing a novel. He says:thats all right.- He says thats all right. 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:I am a student.- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said：He will go to see his friend-She said he would go to see his friend.( 一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tom said:I am going to play basketball tomorrow. The teacher said, “You are doing OK.” 老师说：“你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were doing OK. 老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said, “I am reading a book. I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?” 我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spent her holiday. 我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）She said,