几种工矿废渣改善土壤供硅能力的效果.doc

杨 丹等：几种工矿废渣改善土壤供硅能力的效果 451几种工矿废渣改善土壤供硅能力的效果杨 丹，张玉龙*，刘鸣达，虞 娜沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院，辽宁省农业资源与环境重点实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110161摘要：施用硅肥可以改善土壤硅素肥力状况，提高水稻产量，改善稻米品质，增强水稻抗性，利用工矿废渣生产硅肥还能产生良好的生态环境效益。本研究采用室内模拟与盆栽试验的方法，研究了高炉渣、粉煤灰和金刚石矿渣作硅肥施用对水稻土供硅能力的影响。结果表明，在北方酸性水稻土上施用废渣使土壤硅素释累积放量显著增加，明显改善土壤的供硅能力，促进水稻对硅素养分的吸收，上述效果随废渣用量增加而更为明显，且高炉渣的效果要明显好于粉煤灰和金刚石矿渣。另外，五种废渣的不同施用量与植株含硅量增加率之间均满足对数正相关关系，对数项系数a与127 d的硅素累积释放量之间存在极显著的线性正相关关系，说明土壤硅素累积释放量可以评价施用过废渣的土壤的供硅能力，能够反映废渣作硅肥的适宜性。关键词：工矿废渣；水稻土；硅素累积释放量；水稻；硅中图分类号：X75 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-2175（2007）02-0449-04近年来，随着水稻硅肥研究的不断深入，人们越来越认识到稻作生产中施用硅肥的重要意义1-4。利用工矿废渣生产硅肥不仅能满足土壤培肥需求，还能减少废物堆放占地，促进工业固体废物资源化，有利于工农业生产的可持续发展5-6。但是，由于土壤及工矿废渣本身理化特性的复杂性和多样性，废渣的施用仍然处于试验研究阶段，并未实现大面积推广应用。表1 供试土壤的主要理化性质Table 1 Some properties of the soil used for experimentsw(高炉渣A高炉渣B粉煤灰H金刚石矿渣J；施用废渣可以促进水稻植株对硅素养分的吸收，植株含硅量有随废渣施用量增加而增加的趋势，且施用三种高炉渣后植株对土壤硅素的利用率明显优于粉煤灰和金刚石矿渣的施用效果。总之，施用废渣能使供试土壤的供硅能力得到显著提高，土壤硅素累积释放量可以比较准确地评价施用过废渣的土壤的供硅能力，反映废渣硅肥的有效性。但是不同废渣的作用效果差异较大，而且测定土壤硅素累积释放量耗时太长，故将其作为废渣作硅肥的适宜性的评价指标缺乏普遍适用性。哪些工矿废渣适于作硅肥，如何快速、准确地了解工矿废渣硅肥的有效性，还有待今后进一步研究。参考文献：1 陈平平. 硅在水稻生活中的作用J. 生物学通报, 1998, 33(8): 5-8. 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Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2000, 46: 89-95.11 YAMAMOTO A, SAIGUSA M, NANZYO M. Chemical and Morphological Changes of Porous Hydrated Calcium Silicate in Paddy SoilJ. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2000, 46: 655-660. 12 劳家柽. 土壤农化分析手册M. 北京: 农业出版社, 1988.Lao Jiacheng. Manual of Soil and Agro-chemistry AnalysisM. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1988.13 李学垣. 土壤化学及实验指导M. 北京: 农业出版社, 1997: 190.LI Xueyuan. Soil Chemistry and Experiment GuidanceM. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1997: 190.14 北田敬宇, 龜川健一, 秋山豐. 逐次上澄液法轮换田土壤酸有效化过程解明J. 日本土壤肥料学杂志, 1992, 63(1): 31-38. KITADA K, KAMEKAWA K, AKIYAMA Y. The dissolution of silica in soil in rotational paddy fields by the surface water dissolution methodJ. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1992, 63(1): 31-38.15 马同生, 冯亚军, 梁永超, 等. 江苏沿江地区水稻土硅素供应力与硅肥施用J. 土壤, 1994, 26(3): 154-156.MA Tongsheng, FENG Yajun, LIANG Yongchao, et al. Silicon supplying capacity and silicon fertilizer application of paddy soils along Yangtse River in Jiangshu provinceJ. Soil, 1994, 26(3): 154-156.Effects of Slag Mucks on improving silicon supplying capacity of paddy soilYANG Dan, ZHANG Yulong, LIU Mingda, YU NaCollege of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University/Liaoning Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shenyang 110161, ChinaAbstract: Soil silicon fertility could be improved by the application of silicon fertilizer. Yield, quality and resistance of rice could be enhanced. The silicon fertilizer from industrial slag mucks could have good ecological and environmental benefit. Effect of three slag mucks including blast furnace slag, coal fly ash and diamond slag as silicon fertilizer on silicon supplying capacity of paddy soil was studied by pot experiment and indoor simulation method. Results showed that silicon liberation accumulation amount was increased significantly, which improved the silicon supplying capacity of paddy soil and facilitate the rice silicon availability. The above effect was more obvious in the treatment of blast furnace slag. There was positive logarithm correlation between different application amount of five slag mucks and increase of silicon concentration in plant. The coefficient of a and silicon liberation accumulation amount in 127 days showed very significant positive linea