中考英语之状语从句.doc

中考英语之状语从句【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。1 考查时间状语从句。2 考查原因状语从句3 考查地点状语从句。4 考查结果状语从句5 考查条件状语从句。6 考查让步状语从句。7 考查伴随状语从句。8 考查方式状语从句。【考点诠释】一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有： when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。1 考查when, while, as引导，表示“当时候”.【考例】一Mum，_shall we have lunch? We will have it when your dad_. 07连云港市A when；returns B where returns Cwhere；will return Dwhen；will return答案A解析 答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句，主句用了一般将来时态，所以从句用一般现在时态，可见正确答案在A与B之中。既然答语用了时间状语来回答，可见问句询问的也一定是时间，从而确定正确答案为A。2. before 的用法：before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _you go? 昆明市A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until答案B解析这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句，as soon as一就before在之前；after在之后；until直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”2until 和till 的用法：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“直到”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时，till/ until表示“直到才”。其强调句型为“notuntil” ，位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如：【考例】一Hurry upThe bus is comingOh, noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市A after B since C while Duntil答案D 解析本题应从句意人手。until常用于否定句中，构成notuntil结构，意为“直到才”，该句意为“直到交通灯变绿，我们才能穿过马路”。The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped. 成都市A. if B. until C. whenever答案B解析 notuntil直到才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”，-Look! Here comes our school bus. -No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. 安徽省A. until B. after C. since D. whenA解析句中有dont，可想notuntil为固定结构，意为“直到才”。三、对条件状语从句的考查引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if not如果不，除非)，as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要)，supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使)，on condition that(在的条件下)等。如：【考例】_you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市A Unless B Because CIf DWhen答案C 解析考查if引导的条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉，那么你在上午就不会感到累。”You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东省 A. when B. if C. unless D. after答案C 解析when，after引导的是时间状语从句，不合题意；if，unless引导的是条件状语从句，If不合句意，“除非你更加努力地学习，否则，你不会通过考试”。故用unless。四、对让步状语从句的考查用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有：though，although，even ifthough， while(虽然、尽管)，for a11(that)(尽管)whetheror(不论不管还是)以及“疑问词+ever（whatever，wherever，whoever，however，）”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。 【考例】Shall we go on working? Yes, I prefer to have a rest. （2004江西省南昌）Awhen BifCbecause Dthough答案: D命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据上句：我们继续工作吗？是的，尽管我想休息会。Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004四川)AandBthoughCor Dbecause答案: B命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据题意：即使爱迪生失败多次，他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。五、 对目的状语从句的考查：引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免)，lest(免得，以防)，for fear that(以免，惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could, may,might ,will, would等情态动词。如：【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _they can better serve the 2008 0lympic Games一Im sure they will宜昌市Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if答案B解析 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语，“为的是”能更多更好地为奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。六、对结果状语从句的考查【考例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. (2004辽宁本溪)A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that答案: A命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据题意：这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词；suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。【语法回顾】状语从句的分类。一、时间状语从句用法要点。（1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作 用例 句asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：1. when 意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如： I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。例如：He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。2. before 意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如： We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。 He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为“在之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如： After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 3. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。例如：We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从有多长时间了。例如：It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。4. until 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not. until. 意为“直到才”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如：Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续) He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续) 5. as soon as 意为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如： Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。6. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。例如：They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。 例如：I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。7. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，not till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。例如：I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。二、条件状语从句用法要点。引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless (= ifnot意为“如果不，除非”)，as, while, so (as) long as, suppose / supposing (that) (假使), provided / providing (that) (如果的话，只要), in case (假使，如果), on condition that (倘若，在的条件下)等。如：You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.Supposing / Suppose he is out, what shall we do?I will lend the money to you provided (that) you return it next week.我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。注意：条件状语从句中的if不能用whether替换。三、地点状语从句用法要点。常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）例如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多，误认为考试不会涉及，但恰恰相反，地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题：(1) When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where (2) After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. there(4) She found her calculator _ she lost it. A. where B. when C. in which D. that 以上四题均选where，其意为“在的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。四、原因状语从句用法要点。1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that) (由于), now (that)等：They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意“既然”。如：I cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点：(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。(2) 当表示直接的因果关系，回答 why 时，或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。五、目的状语从句用法要点。1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。2. 引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that，即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。如：Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查，以便任何错误都可检查出。Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。六、让步状语从句用法要点。1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whetheror(不论还是)等连词。如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨，他还是出去了。2. as 也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 a / an。如：Teacher as he is, he cant know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：While we dont agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如：Dont lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。注：（1）引导让步状语从句可用“疑问词+ever”，也可用“no matter+疑问词”，但引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词+ever”。（2）表示“虽然”的though, although 不可与but和however等连用，但可与yet, still 连用。七、结果状语从句用法要点。结果状语从句由that（以致），so that（结果，以致），so.that（如此以致），suchthat（如此以致）等引导。如：She is such a good teacher that we all like her. = She is so good a teacher that we all like her.We got up early, so that we caught the train.注意：so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：（1）目的状语从句中一般有can, could等情态动词，但结果状语从句中却没有；（2）引导目的状语从句时，从句前没有逗号；但引导结果状语从句时，前面通常有逗号。二：主句与从句时态一致的问题。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况： 1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如： Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如： She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。三：状语从句的省略问题1、在某些状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语相同，或者从句主语是it，且谓语中有be时，从句主语和be可以同时省略。如：He wont come unless (he is) invited.He will help you when (it is) necessary.2、有时从句中的there is / are也可省略。如：Are there any mistakes in his homework?There are few, if (these are) any.【语法过关】1I was drawing a horse _the teacher came in. A. while B. as C. when D. the moment2Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport _ the whole roof(屋顶)fell down. A. while B. as soon asC. when D. after3You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where4You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.A. before B. once C. until D. though5None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. thoug