专八人文知识(练习题).doc

专八人文知识练习题 _1_ The real centre of power in the British Parliament is _.A the King or the Queen B the House of Commons C the House of Lords D the Cabinet_2_ The oldest part of British Parliament is _.A the House of Lords B the House of Commons C the Shadow of Cabinet D the Chamber_3_ The national centre of the press in Britain is _.A Greet Russell Street B Speakers Corner C Downing Street D the Fleet Street_4_ Who was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A St. Thomas Aquinas B Constantine C Charlemagne D King James_5_ The Summa Theological was written by _.A St. Thomas Aquinas B Constantine C Alfred the Great D Charles I_6_ Among the most typical English sports, having been in existence since the 16th century, is _.A rugby B cricket C boxing D football_7_ The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by _ in 1215.A King Henry I B King John C King William I D King Richard_8_ “Song of Roland” belongs to which countrys epic? _.A English B French C Hebrew D Germanic_9_ The Gothic style started in _ and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.A French B English C Hebrew D Germanic_10_Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of _.A its connection with British B its green countryside C its unique shape D its abundant natural resources答案：1. 选B。英国议会由王室（the Crown）、上议院（the House of Lords）和下议院（the House of Commons）构成。其中具有实权和立法权的是下议院，自1964年以来，上议院无权阻止被下议院通过的立法。2. 选A。英国议会中最古老的部分是上议院（the House of Lords），它是由国王咨询会议(Great Council)发展而来的。3. 选D。the Fleet Street(舰队报)，英国报纸和出版事业的中心，位于伦敦泰晤士河畔。18、19世纪以来成为英国“报纸王国”和左右英国舆论的中心。泰晤士报、每日邮报和金融时报等都在次发行。Downing Street(唐宁街)为英国首相官邸所在地。Speakers Corner(自由论坛之角)在位于伦敦市区城西的威斯敏斯特区的Hyde Park(海得公园)里。 我要收藏 4. 选C。Charlemagne(查理曼742？-814，即查理大帝，法兰克国王)，公元800年被罗马教皇封为“神圣罗马帝国皇帝”，史称“查理一世”（公元800-814）。其统治期间，扩大疆土，建立庞大的帝国，加强集权统治，鼓励学术，兴建文化设施，使其宫廷成为繁华的学术中心。5. 选A。St. Thomas Aquinas(圣.托马斯.阿奎那)中世纪意大利神学家和经院哲学家，他的哲学和神学称为托马斯主义。其代表作Summa Theological神学大全几乎概括了中世纪神学的所有知识。6. 选B。英国人最典型的体育运动是板球，而足球是最受英国人欢迎的运动。因为足球于19世纪出现在英格兰。1863年足球协会（Football Association）在英格兰成立。 我要收藏 7. 选B。The Great Charter(英国大宪章)，是1215年英国国王（1199-1216）亨利二世之子King John(约翰)在以兰顿（Langton）为首的贵族和教士们的压力下签署的重要政治法律文件。该宪章主要内容为保障贵族利益，限制王权。大宪章被认为是维护公民权不受王权侵犯的重要文件。8. 选B。罗兰之歌是法国最著名的史诗，Roland是次史诗中的主人公，他是查理大帝的外甥，诗史中描述罗兰是如何在西班牙勇敢战斗以及如何保护比利牛斯山而英勇献身的故事。9. 选A。Gothic Style哥特式的建筑风格于12世纪中叶始于法国，然后流行整个欧洲，这种尖拱式的建筑风格一直持续到16世纪。10.选B。Emerald翡翠率的意思，Emerald Isle(翡翠岛)是Ireland岛的别称。来源:_1_ When printing was invented in the 1500s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew_2_ Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? A Its open to everybody B No university degree is awarded C It requires no formal educational qualification D University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect_3_ The most important and influential of English Bible is the Authorized or King James version, first published in _.A 1382 B 1901 C 1611 D 1979_4_ In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A the Lord Chancellor B the Prime Minister C the Speaker D the Parliamentary Commissioner_5_ The Middle Ages is also called the _.A “Age of Faith” B “Age of Christianity” C “Age of Holy Spirit” D “Age of Literature”_6_ In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? A the Mongolians B the Turkish C the Syrians D the Huns_7_ The president of the Lords in Britain is called _.A Lord Chancellor B speaker C Prime Minister D President_8_ The Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church after _.A 1066 B 1296 C 1054 D 476_9_ Which of the following is the worlds oldest national newspaper?A The Times B The Guardian C The Sun D The Observer_10_Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _.A the King or the Queen B the House of Commons C the House of Lords D the Cabinet答案：11. 选A。16世纪印刷术发明时，拉叮文圣经是第一部印刷的全文。2. 选B。Open University(开放大学)创办于1971年，是英国在教育方法上一个最重要的创新，旨在利用远程教育向一切没有机会上学的成年人提供接受高等教育的机会。入学报名无论资格，主要以报名时间为依据进行录取。其学位通过累计学分而获得。开放大学有自己的资料库和出版社Open University Press(开放大学出版社)。开放大学不仅开设文理科方面的学位课程，还开设各类职业及培训课程。3. 选C。最重要、最有影响的英文圣经是1611年首版的“圣经钦定的英译本”或称“詹姆斯国王译本”。1382年是第一部完整的英文版本圣经由拉丁文圣经翻译过来的；而标准的美国版圣经修订本是1901年出版的。4. 选B。在英国，女王是根据首相的推荐来任命大臣的。内阁的所有决定都由大臣集体负责。5. 选A。欧洲中世纪被称作“信仰时代”，因为在欧洲中世纪没有统一的中央政府来维持秩序，只有基督徒教会是唯一统一欧洲的组织。6. 选D。the Huns（匈奴），在4世纪末，来自中亚的匈奴扫荡欧洲，掠夺和杀害了很多半开化的日尔曼部落。 我要收藏 7. 选A。Lord Chancellor(英国大法官)，主持上议院，大法官和上诉法院。8. 选C。罗马教会在1054年后分裂为罗马天主教（the Roman Catholic Church）和东正教（Eastern Orthodox Church）。9. 选D。The Observer(观察家报)创办于1791年，是世界上历史最悠久的全国性周报。The Times（泰晤士报）是英国最古老的也是最有影响的全国性日报之一。The Guardian(卫报)英国主要的全国性日报之一。The Sun(太阳报)，其前身为Daily Pioneers（每日先驱报）。10.选A。在封建制度下的西欧，人被分为clergy(牧师/教士)，lords(庄园主) and peasants(农民)三个等级。来源:考试大-专四专八考试_1_ Stratford-on-Avon is a famous place where _ was born.A John Milton B William Shakespeare C Ben Johnson D Thomas Gray_2_ The oldest university in Britain is _.A Sunday Times B St. Andrews University C Oxford D Edinburgh University_3_ The Tories were the forerunners of _ , which still bears this nickname today.A the Liberal Party B the Labour Party Day C the Conservative Party D the Social Democratic Party_4_ Halloween is celebrated on _.A 5th November B 17th March C 25th December D 31st October_5_ Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? _.A Augustus I B Constantine I C Theodosius D Nero I_6_ Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions in 392 A.D?A Theodosius B Augustus C Constantine I D Nero Caesar_7_ Easter is a holiday usually connected to the following except _.A the coming of spring B the eating of Easter eggs C the reunion of a large family D the resurrection of Christ_8_ The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _.A Independent Broadcasting Authority B British Broadcasting Corporation C Radio Times D Reuters_9_ Today, the City of London is the business centre of London where you can find _.A big supermarkets B theatres and cinemas C large financial organizations D restaurants and cafes_10_In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A largest B third largest C fourth largest D second largest答案：1. 选B。Stratford-on-Avon(斯特拉特福)是埃文河畔英国英格兰中部城镇，莎士比亚的故乡。1564年1月23日莎士比亚出生于埃文河畔斯特拉特福，而又在1616年的同一天（4月23日）去世。为纪念这位伟大的作家，人们把每年4月23日定为莎士比亚纪念日。每逢这一天，在莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福都要举行各种庆祝活动，如化装游行，上演他创作的剧目等。2. 选C。Oxford(牛津)英国英格兰中部城市，是牛津首府和牛津大学所在地，英国最古老的大学Oxford University。牛津大学创建于12世纪末，与英国的另一个著名的大学University of Cambridge(剑桥大学，创建于13世纪)齐名。英国历史上有十几位首相出身于牛津大学。3. 选C。The Tory Party(托利党) the Whig Party(辉格党) 是在18世纪和19世纪初左右英国议会的两大党。19世纪中期辉格党与持不同意见的托利党人结盟成自由党；托利党则是保守党的前身。4. 选D。Halloween(万圣节前夕)，原为欧洲凯尔特人（Celt）凯尔特年最后一天（10月31日） 庆祝新年，欢迎死者幽灵归来的节日，后逐渐与基督教的万圣节前夕（All Hallows Eve）一起庆祝。苏格兰和爱尔兰移民将庆祝次节的风俗习惯带给美国。5. 选B。Constantine I (君士坦丁一世288-337)306-377年间为罗马皇帝，统一全国后，加强中央集权，支持基督徒。公元313年，君士坦丁一世发布“米兰赦令”，（the Edict of Milan）宣布人人都有宗教信仰的自由，并宣布基督徒是合法的。公元330年迁都拜占廷城，改城名为君士坦丁堡。临死前受洗为基督徒。6. 选A。Theodosius (狄奥多西一世)东罗马帝国皇帝（379-395）和西罗马帝国皇帝（公元392-395），其统治期间镇压人民起义，公元392年Theodosius (狄奥多西一世)立基督徒为罗马帝国国教，其他宗教皆不合法，迫害异教徒，毁坏异教神庙。7. 选C。Easter(复活节)纪念耶酥复活的节日，一般指每年春分（3月21日）月圆后的第一个星期日。复活节的名字源于Eostre主管春天和太阳升起的女神。每年春天人们向这位女神致敬，庆祝冬天的死去和大自然的万物复苏。复活节彩蛋是复活节的象征。8. 选B。BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)(英国广播公司)，是英国著名的广播公司。Independent Broadcasting Authority(IBA, 独立广播公司)；Radio Times无线电泰晤士周刊，为英国规模最大的周刊，详细刊登BBC英国广播公司每周的广播节目。Reuters(路透社)1851年创办，总社位于伦敦，是英国最大的通讯社，也是世界四大估计通讯社之一。9. 选C。the City of London(伦敦城)是英国首都伦敦的市中心，也是英国的金融中心，集中了全国最大的银行、交易所和各种企业管理中心。London是英国首都；而the County of London则是伦敦郡（英国英格兰原郡名）。10.选D。在英国，获得下议院第二多席位的政党成为“反对党”。来源:考试大-专四专八考试_1_No.10 Downing Street is_. A Office of British Navy B official residence of Prime MinsterC seat of English Parliament D official residence of King_2_ Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Empire finally collapsed in_.A 395 B 27 B.C. C 476 D 1453_3_Who wrote “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A Horace B Virgil C Marcus Tullius Cicero D Julius Casar_4_When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is_.A Calais B Paris C Aquitaine D Anjor_5_ Big Ben is the nickname of_.A Sir Benjamin Hall B Benjamin Franklin C 315-foot Clock Tower D Sir Charles Barry_6_ In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was_.A The Cobhams plot B the murder of Thomas Becket C the execution of Mary Queen of Scots D the Gunpowder Plot_7_ The author of On the Origin of Species is_.A George Baron B Charles Darwin C John Baldwin D Winston Churchill_8_The author of On the Nature of Things is _.A Horace B Virgil C Lucretius D Julius Caesar_9_Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A Christianity B Buddhism C Islamism D Judaism_10_ The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first fie books, called _.A Exodus B Commandments C Amos D Pentateuch答案：1-5 BCDAC 6-10 DBCAD1. 选B. No.10 Downing Street(唐宁街10号，是首相官邸，) Downing Street位于伦敦中部，No.11 Downing Street是英国财政大臣的官邸，因此唐宁街常作为英国政府的代名词。2. 选 C。注意这几个时间：公元476年西罗马帝国灭亡，公元395年罗马帝国分裂为东罗马帝国和西罗马帝国；公元1453年东罗马帝国灭亡，而公元前27年罗马帝国正式建立。3. 选D。Julius Caesar(恺撒，100-44 BC，罗马统帅，政治家)于49-44BC成为罗马独裁者，后被共和派贵族刺杀，著有高卢战记 （Commentaries）Marcus Tullius Cicero (西塞罗104-43BC)罗马政治家，哲学家和雄辩家。4. 选A。 1453年英法百年战争结束时，只有法国北部的Calais加莱港还被英军占领。5. 选C。Big Ben(大本钟)是指伦敦英国议会大厦钟楼上的大钟，也谕指放置大本钟的钟楼。该钟是由英国政府官员Sir Benjamin Hall于1859年主持建造的。6. 选D。The Gunpowder Plot (火药阴谋)是指1605年英国发生的由Guy Fawkes等企图炸毁议会大厦，扎死国王的天主教火药硬煤案。这一阴谋的Guy Fawkes和其他7名同谋在犯罪现场被捉获。后国会决定每年的11月5日为”Guy Fawkes Day”,在这一天人们燃放烟火和烧福克斯的模拟象，晚上英国人会用Bonfire Night “篝火之夜”来庆祝这一天。7. 选B。Charles Darwin (达尔文1809-1882)英国博物学家，进化论的创始，进化生物学的奠基人，提出以自然选择为基础的进化论学说和人类起源于类人猿。著有On the Origin of Species物种起源8. 选C。Lucretius (卢克莱修约94-95BC)古罗马诗人和哲学家。The nature of things，他认为物质是永恒的(Matter is eternal.)9. 选A。到目前为止，Christianity(基督教)仍然是西方国家最有影响力的。10. 选D。 Pentateuch魔西五书是 The Old Testament旧约全书中最古老，最重要的五部。Pentateuch魔西五书，包括Genesis创始记， Exodus出埃及记 Leviticus 利未记Numbers民数记 Deuteronomy申命记来源:考试大-专四专八考试_1_ “To know something like the palm of ones hand” means _?A to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them B to understand everything without any question C to understand only something easy D to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something_2_ British English is spoken in _?A Great Britain B Australia C New Zealand D A.B and C_3_ Which of the following joined England and Scotland in 1707?A the Act of Supremacy B the Act of Union C the Reform Act D the Magana Carta_4_ Who said “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”?A Aristotle B Plato C Archimedes D Euclid_5_ The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector” is “_”A collecting B garbage engineer C sanitary engineer D sanitation engineer_6_ Who founded the Plantagenet Dynasty?A Henry I B King Joseph C Henry II D Count of Anjor_7_ Who said “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”:?A Horace B Virgil C Plato D Sappho_8_ The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _.A Elizabeth I B Henry VIII C Cromwell D Charles I_9_ Eton College is a famous _ of UK.A college B comprehensive school C public school D university_10_Westminster Palace is the _?A seat of British House of Parliament B seat of English church C residence of king of queen D residence of Prime Minister1. 选D。“To know something like the palm of ones hand”的意思是对“什么了如指掌”。2. 选D。在英国、澳大利亚和新西兰都说英国英语。3. 选B。是联合法（the Act of Union）在Anne 统治的1707年把 England and Scotland 统一起来，而Great Britain (大不列颠)也是在其统治期间诞生的。而1801年的联合法爱尔兰并入大不列颠王国，因此英国的名称改为“大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国”（the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland）。1921年爱尔兰北部6郡（北爱尔兰）化归联合王国，英国的名称也随之改为“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”（the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）。4. 选C。“给我一个支点，我能撬动整个地球”是古希腊科学家Archimedes(阿基米德)的名言。古希腊科学家阿基米德在算术、力学和流体静力学等方面都作了重要的贡献。5. 选D。sanitation engineer (环境工程师)是 “garbage collector” 垃圾清洁工的委婉用语。6. 选C。The Plantagenet Dynasty (金雀花王朝)是由Henry II(亨利二世) 于1154年创立的，并统治了35年，于1189年Henry II 去世而结束。7. 选A。Horace(贺拉斯)，古罗马诗人，以其颂歌著称。 “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive” (被征服的希腊征服了它的征服者)为其所说。Virgil(维吉尔，7019BC)伟大的拉丁诗人，著有伟大的史诗埃涅阿斯记（Aeneid）。Plato(柏拉图428-348BC)，古希腊哲学家，他对对话录（Dialogues）影响深远。Sappho(萨福)公元前7世纪希腊最重要的女抒情诗人，其爱情诗影响深远。8. 选D。Charles I(查里一世，1600-1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，战败后作为“暴君、叛徒、杀人犯和国家公敌”于1649年被国会判处死刑。9. 选C。Eton College(伊顿学院，也称伊顿公学)是英格兰最大的也是最有名的公学之一，设在伯克郡伊顿，是英国的一种中学教育。该校建于1400年与1441年间，由Henry VI为国王赠款所建立的基金中得到奖学金的70名高才生创办的。英国知名的公学还有Harrow School; Rugby School。10.选A。Westminster(威斯敏斯特区)指英国伦敦西部的贵族居住区，在泰晤士河北岸，区内有白金汉宫，议会大厦等。而the Westminster Palace(威斯敏斯特宫)通常指英国议会所在地，因此Westminster 喻指英国国会或英国政府。_1_ Who led The Peasants Uprising in Britain?A Watt Tyler B Henry Turner C Richard D Stephen_2_ In English individualistic culture, one should bother Englishmen without a good reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb _?A as welcome as a storm B an Englishmans house is his castle C do not wear out your welcome D outstay ones welcome_3_ _ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand,Australia and South Africa.A Thanksgiving Day B Anzac Day C St. Valentines Day D Boxing Day_4_ The Bible was originally written in _.A Latin B English C Hebrew D Arabic_5_ _ is a very wise man, the king of the Hebrews around the tenth century B.C. and was well-known for his wisdom.A Solomon B The old Adam C Judas D Jesus_6_ Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?A James I B Charles I C James II D Charles II_7_ From 1649 to 1658 English was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as _.A President B Lord Protector C Lieutenant General D Commander of the New Model Army_8_ A “vote of no confidence” is decided by _.A the House of Lords B the Prime Minister C the House of Commons D the two major parties_9_ Which of the following particularly happens on the Queens Birthday?A Trooping the Color B the Eisteddfod C bonfires D masquerades_10_In American English “Totem” is a loan word from _, meaning “图腾” in chinese.A Dutch B India language C German D French 答案：1. 选A。由于百年战争并没有改变农民的生活条件，又加上人头税（the Poll Tax）的征收。1381年(Watt Tyler)瓦特.泰勒领导了农民起义。2. 选B。在英国文化中，一般不事先预约是不会冒然打搅别人。英国人有一句谚语：“英国人的家庭如独立王国-不得擅入”。3. 选D。Boxing Day(礼节日)。英国法定假日，是圣诞节的次日，遇星期日天延顺。按英国习俗，这天向邮递员、仆人、雇员等赠送盒装“节礼”，故称节礼日。4. 选C。圣经最初是以Hebrew(希伯来语)写的。圣经有一部分是讲述古犹太人的历史。从公元前1200年希伯来人定居巴勒斯坦至公元1世纪的古犹太人的历史。考试大5. 选A。Solomon(所罗门、)-932BC.)希伯来（以色列）国王（972-932BC），以武力维持其统治，加强国防，发展贸易，使犹太达到鼎盛时期，以智慧著称。6. 选B。Charles I (查里一世，1600-1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，1647年别Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)领导的军队俘虏。1649年被国会判处死刑。7.B 从1649到1658年的英国被称为共和国（Commonwealth）。共和国的第一位统治者Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)成为英格兰共和国的Lord Protector(护国公)。Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔),1618年当选为议员，为清教徒领袖。英国内战爆发后，他率领铁甲军的骑兵击败了保皇党部队，是处死查理一世的主要人物，1653年将国会解散，自称Lord Protector(护国公)，成为英格兰共和国的首脑。8. 选C。“不信任投票”是由英国下议院（Lower House）即众议院（the House of Commons）决定的，亦称平民院，简称下院。是英国议会的组成部分。议员由普选产生，共有650个席位。下议院首席官员为议长，由议员选举产生。下议院任期为5年，但政府可能提前大选。9. 选A。Queens Birthday(英国女王的诞辰日)为6月。每年的女王生日时在白金汉宫（Buckingham Palace）前都要举行盛大的检阅庆祝活动，这一天，军队将举行场面壮观的Trooping the Color(行军旗敬礼)仪式。10.选B。“Totem”(图腾)-北美印第安人等原始人认为与本氏族或个人有血缘关系并用作标志的动物、植物或自然现象。因此“Totem”一词是从印第安语借用过来的。来源:考试大-专四专八考试_1_ The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _?A 200 B.C B 55 A.D C 55 B.C D 410 A.D_2_ The capital of Northern Ireland is _?A Blefast B Birminghan C Edinburgh D Cardiff_3_ The statement “You can not step twice into the same river” was said by_?A Aristotle B Heracletus C Socrates D Pythagoras_4_ The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, _, and Aristotle, who are active in Athens in the 5th and 4th century B.C.A Pythagoras B Heracleitus C Herodotus D Plato_5_ Between 1337 and 1453 the _ took place in Britain.A Wars of Roses B Black Death C Hundred Years War D Peasants Uprising_6_ William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in_.A 1066 B 1086 C 1381 D 1035_7_ The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _ to _.A 1600 - 1604 B 1640 - 1644 C 1642 - 1646 D 1646 - 1650_8_ _ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A Cynics B Stoics C Sceptics D Epieureans_9_ James Watt created a _ in 1769?A Spinning Mule B Steam Engine C Power Loom D Spinning Jenny_10_Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to _.A The Danes B the Irish C The Norman barons D The Scots答案：1. 选C。公元前55年，由Juliu