外交部讲话.doc

主席先生： 请允许我对你荣任本届联大主席表示衷心的祝贺。相信你会在广大会员国的支持下，出色完成所担负的使命。同时，我对韩升洙先生在担任上届联大主席期间所作的贡献表示感谢。 借此机会，我对瑞士联邦加入联合国表示祝贺，对东帝汶民主共和国即将加入联合国表示欢迎。 主席先生， 本届联大开幕,正值“911”事件一周年。一年来，各国人民通力合作，国际反恐斗争取得积极进展，有力地打击了国际恐怖主义势力。此时此刻，我们不仅应深入思考如何铲除恐怖主义这一国际公害，还应从更宽广的视角，审视人类面临的安全问题，寻求实现世界持久和平与普遍安全的有效途径。 当前，国际安全形势正在发生深刻变化： 安全的内涵不断扩大。由领土、资源、民族矛盾等因素引发的军事对抗与冲突尚未消除，以恐怖主义为代表的各种非传统安全问题又日见突出。安全问题不再是单纯的军事问题，已经涉及政治、经济、金融、科技、文化等诸多领域。 安全已不再是“零和”游戏。安全的共性明显增强。各国的共同安全利益上升，相互依存加深。 安全的手段需要更新。单一的军事手段不足以应对纷繁复杂的安全挑战。滥用武力只会使世界更不安宁。 在新形势下，维护安全要有新观念。我们提倡树立以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观。 互信，是指超越意识形态和社会制度异同，摒弃冷战思维和强权政治心态，互不猜疑，互不敌视。各国应经常就各自安全防务政策以及重大行动展开对话与相互通报。 互利，是指顺应全球化趋势发展的客观要求，各国应在维护本国利益的同时，互相尊重对方的安全利益，在实现自身安全利益的同时，为对方安全创造条件，实现共同安全。 平等，是指国家无论大小强弱，都是国际社会的一员，应相互尊重，平等相待，不干涉别国内政，推动国际关系的民主化。 协作，是指以和平谈判的方式解决争端，并就共同关心的安全问题进行广泛深入的合作，消除隐患，防止战争和冲突的发生。 总之，新安全观的宗旨是，通过对话增进相互信任，通过合作促进共同安全。 正是本着新安全观的精神，中国努力推动地区安全对话合作机制的建设，高度重视并积极参与上海合作组织和东盟地区论坛，和本地区国家一道，致力于建立一个对话而非对抗的亚太安全框架。 中国积极推进国际军控、裁军与防扩散进程，支持在普遍参与和非歧视性的基础上，巩固和加强国际防扩散机制。最近，中国政府颁布了导弹及相关物项和技术出口管制条例以及管制清单，出口管理工作法制化建设迈出新的一步。在不久的将来，中国政府还将进一步完善生物及化学两用品的出口管理体制。中国支持国际社会采取有效措施，防止外空武器化的危险。 新安全观是可行的，有效的。我们呼吁国际社会就此达成广泛的共识，积极开展对话与合作，共同解决当前的重大安全问题： 我们要继续推进国际反恐合作，从根本上抑制国际恐怖主义的威胁。 反恐应遵循国际法和国际关系的基本准则，发挥联合国和安理会的主导作用；应实行综合治理，消除滋生恐怖主义的根源。要防止任意扩大打击范围，同时坚决打击一切证据确凿的恐怖势力，包括接受塔利班和“基地”组织训练、武装和资助的“东突”恐怖组织等，不让恐怖分子再有逞凶的机会。 我们要进一步促进对话与和解，推动地区热点问题的解决。 我们对以巴暴力冲突深表关注。中国支持巴勒斯坦人民恢复合法民族权利、建立自己国家的正义事业，支持联合国安理会有关决议和“土地换和平”原则。我们反对针对无辜平民的暴力活动，不赞成以暴易暴。巴勒斯坦人民和以色列人民都有在和平中生活的权利，彼此和平共处才能求得真正的安全。 我们主张政治解决伊拉克问题。联合国在此问题上应发挥重要作用。伊拉克应当认真、严格地执行安理会的有关决议。 我们希望印度和巴基斯坦两国在相互尊重和平等的基础上早日恢复对话，以和平方式解决包括克什米尔问题在内的所有分歧。 我们对近一年来阿富汗局势的积极发展感到高兴。中国愿同国际社会一道，为阿富汗的持久和平与战后重建作出建设性努力。我们支持联合国在这方面发挥重要作用。 我们要加强不同文明之间的交流与对话，防止文明对抗或冲突的发生。 世界文明丰富多采，多样化的文明之间存在差异，这是人类社会的一个基本特征。无视文明多样性的客观现实，挑动不同文明之间的敌视和对立，与当前和平与发展的时代要求格格不入。企图在全世界推行一种观念、一种文化，否定各国的独特传统和自主选择，与国际关系民主化的潮流背道而驰。 文明的差异不是世界冲突的根源，而是世界融合的起点。人类对客观世界和自身的认识发展到今天，理应以宽广的胸怀和开阔的视野善待不同文明的成果，在尊重差异的基础上推动交流。以兼容代替排斥，以对话代替对抗，以融合代替冲突，相互取长补短，实现共同发展。唯有如此，世界才会有和平与安宁，人类文明才能走向更加辉煌的未来。 主席先生， 和平与发展相辅相成。世界的持久和平与普遍安全，只能建立在国际社会共同繁荣的基础上。今天人类面临的种种问题，追根溯源，大都离不开发展问题。我们要应对这些挑战，最重要的是靠发展。 一年来，联合国就发展问题举行了一系列重要会议，回顾了二十世纪九十年代以来联合国各项发展倡议的执行情况，提出了今后的行动纲领。特别是本月初闭幕的可持续发展世界首脑会议，制定了国际社会实现可持续发展的新的路线图。现在需要的是把规划和承诺落到实处。 一年来，区域经济合作继续呈现良好势头，成为各国在全球化背景下协作互补、共同发展的有效途径。我们对非洲联盟的成立尤其感到欣喜，相信非洲人民必将在发展的道路上迈出新的历史性步伐。 当前，推动发展的因素更加活跃。现代科技日新月异，给人类社会的进步提供了新的强大动力。经济全球化深入发展，使各国各地区都面对不进则退的选择，参与国际竞争、加快自身发展的要求与日俱增。 我们面临的发展任务更加紧迫。世界财富增加、贫富差距却在扩大的情况亟待改变。金融风险加剧、经济社会动荡频仍的情况亟待改变。经济发展与资源、环境的矛盾日益尖锐的情况亟待改变。国际秩序和规则不能公平反映发展中国家需求的情况亟待改变。人类共同发展的目标，还远远没有实现。 在新形势下，实现发展要有新思路。我们主张： 建立面向发展的全球伙伴关系。各国政府、国际组织、跨国企业、民间团体，都是参与人类发展事业的一方，应当为落实联合国千年发展目标并肩行动。南方与北方之间，受援国与国际援助机构之间，应是互利互惠、平等合作的伙伴关系。今天对发展中国家的援助，就是对人类共同未来的投资。当前世界经济增长放慢，发展中国家遇到的困难增多，发达国家应在金融、贸易、技术转让和发展援助等方面帮助它们排忧解难，并加快落实减债承诺。新一轮多边贸易谈判应该成为建立新型伙伴关系的重要契机。 推动经济全球化的均衡、稳定发展。任凭市场法则主导全球化，不利于全球经济的健康发展。国际社会有必要改革国际经济规则，加强对全球化进程的引导和管理，在追求效率的同时兼顾公正，降低风险，引导全球化朝着有利于各国共赢、共存的方向前进。 增强发展中国家自我发展的能力。发展中国家需要从本国国情出发，选择适合自身的发展道路。要把发展置于优先的地位，在保持稳定的同时，积极推动改革与开放，利用一切有利的国际条件，努力跟上世界经济发展的潮流。国际社会应尊重发展中国家自主选择发展道路的权利，并且在机制建设、人员培训、竞争力开发等领域提供帮助。 坚持走可持续发展的道路。经济发展必须有利于资源的永续利用，有利于生态系统的良性循环。我们应当推进经济与人口、资源、环境的协调发展，实现经济效益、社会效益与环境效益的有机结合。要加强国际合作，将解决各国面临的问题和解决全球环境问题结合起来，共同推进人类的可持续发展事业。 促进人的全面发展。人类进步事业的出发点和最终归宿，都在于人的全面发展。人力资源是推进科技进步，实现经济和社会发展的第一资源。各国在制定发展战略时，应当奉行以人为本、人民受益的原则，以全面提高人的素质、改善人民物质文化生活为目标。 联合国在维护世界和平、实现普遍安全、促进共同发展方面具有不可替代的作用。联合国宪章的宗旨和原则有着强大的生命力。我们应当充分发挥联合国的作用，推进国际关系民主化，努力争取人类光明的未来。 主席先生， 不久，中国共产党将召开新世纪的第一次代表大会第十六次全国代表大会。这次大会将以与时俱进的精神，站在时代潮流的前列，为加快中国社会主义现代化建设勾画新的蓝图。 我们的指导思想是始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。 我们的历史任务是推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展。 新世纪的头一、二十年，对中国来说，是发展的重要战略机遇期。我们要把发展作为第一要务，抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定。 我们将提出发展的新思路，取得改革的新突破，实现开放的新局面。 我们将继续推进市场取向的改革，调整和完善所有制结构，进一步解放和发展生产力。 我们将注重依靠科技进步和加强管理，提高经济增长质量；注重实施可持续发展战略；注重地区、城乡协调发展和社会全面进步。 我们将把加入世界贸易组织作为新的起点，在更大范围、更广领域、更高层次上参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，拓展经济发展空间，全面提高对外开放水平。 我们将发展社会主义物质文明，建设社会主义政治文明，弘扬社会主义精神文明。 我们将继续奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，在和平共处五项原则的基础上，积极发展与世界各国的友好合作关系。我们将继续致力于世界持久和平与各国共同发展，推动国际对话与合作，为国际秩序更加公正合理作出建设性的贡献。 主席先生， 世界上只有一个中国，大陆和台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。实现国家统一，是我们坚定不移的立场和不懈奋斗的目标。 1995年1月，江泽民主席就现阶段发展两岸关系、推进祖国和平统一进程提出八项重要主张。从那时以来，两岸经贸关系迅速发展，人员来往日益增加。两岸人民、海外炎黄子孙，以及世界上所有对中国人民怀有善意的人们，都为我们长期努力的成果感到欣慰，为中国和平统一的前景感到鼓舞。 然而，台湾当局却想方设法阻挠两岸关系的发展，“台独”势力在分裂的道路上越走越远。近来，台湾当局领导人公然把两岸关系歪曲为“一边一国”，这充分暴露了其顽固坚持“台独” 立场的真面目，是对包括台湾同胞在内的全体中国人民的公然挑衅，也是对国际社会公认的一个中国原则的公然挑衅。 求和平、求发展、求安定，希望改善和发展两岸关系，是台湾的主流民意。台湾当局领导人罔顾民意，鼓吹“台独”，把极少数顽固“台独”分子的图谋强加给广大台湾人民，是将台湾引向灾难，是对两岸人民安全与福祉的最大威胁，也是亚太地区和平与稳定的破坏因素。 中国政府坚持“和平统一、一国两制” 的基本方针，致力于推进两岸经贸合作和人员往来。我们坚决反对任何“台独” 活动，决不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。一切“台独” 行径都注定要失败。中国的统一大业一定能够完成。 谢谢。Mr. President,First of all, please allow me to offer my warmest congratulations on your assumption of the Presidency of current Session of the United Nations General Assembly. I am confident that with the support of the broad members of this great organization, you will fulfill your mandate with flying colors. At the same time, I wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Han Seung-soo for the contributions he made as the President of the last session of the UN General Assembly.Also, I wish to take this opportunity to congratulate the Swiss Confederation on its accession to the United Nations and welcome the Democratic Republic of East Timor who will soon become a UN member.Mr. President,The opening of this UNGA Session coincides with the first anniversary of the September 11th incident. Thanks to the vigorous cooperation among the people of various countries over the past year, the international campaign against terrorism has made positive headway, dealing heavy blows to the forces of terror around the world. We have come to the moment when we should not only ponder on ways to eradicate the global scourge of terrorism, but take a broader view of the security issue facing mankind and seek more effective ways to achieve lasting peace and universal security in the world.At present, the international security situation is undergoing profound changes. Security has begun to take on wider connotations. While military antagonism and conflicts triggered by territorial, resources, ethnic and other disputes remain unremoved, a variety of non-traditional security concerns represented by terrorism have become increasingly prominent. Security is no longer a pure military concern. It has permeated politics, economy, finance, science, technology, culture and many more areas.Security is no longer a zero-sum game. Its mutuality is obviously on the increase as countries have come to share more in their security interests and feel a greater sense of interdependence.There needs to be an overhaul in our tools to achieve security. Military means alone has proved inadequate in meeting massive and complicated security challenges. Indiscriminate use of force can only lead to greater trouble in our world.The new situation calls for new ideas in safeguarding security. We in China stand for a new security concept which features mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation.By mutual trust, we mean that countries should rise above their differing ideologies and social systems, abandon the Cold-War mentality and power politics mindset, and refrain from misgivings and hostility against each other. Instead, they should go in for frequent dialogues and briefings on their security and defense policies or the major actions they are about to take.By mutual benefit, we mean that a country, in keeping with the objective requirements of the development of globalization, should respect the security interests of others while pursuing the interests of its own, help create conditions for the better security of others while making itself more secure, thus achieving universal security.By equality, we mean that every country, big or small, strong or weak, is a member of the international community. All countries should respect each other, treat each other as equals and refrain from interfering in each others internal affairs, so that international relations will become more democratized.By cooperation, we mean that countries should resolve their disputes through peaceful negotiations, carry out extensive and deep-going cooperation on their shared security concerns and help eliminate hidden dangers and prevent wars and conflicts from happening.All in all, our new security concept is aimed at increasing mutual trust through dialogue and promoting common security through cooperation.It is in the spirit of this new security concept that we in China have been working hard to promote the mechanisms for regional security dialogue and cooperation, cherishing and actively participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the ASEAN Regional Forum and endeavoring, together with other countries in the region, for the establishment of an Asia-Pacific security framework geared to dialogue, rather than confrontation.China is actively committed to international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation process and supports the consolidation and strengthening of international non-proliferation regimes on the basis of universal participation and non-discrimination. Not long ago, the Chinese Government promulgated the Regulations on Export Controls of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies and its Control List, which marked a fresh step forward in bringing about rule of law in our export control work. The Chinese Government will complete further improvement on its export management mechanisms for biological and chemical dual-use items in the near future. China supports the international community in taking effective measures to prevent the dangerous trend of weaponization in outer space.Our new security concept is both workable and effective. We call upon the international community to reach a broad consensus thereon and jointly tackle the major security concerns of the day through vigorous dialogue and cooperation.We should press ahead with international cooperation against terrorism and check the threat of international terrorism once and for all.Counter-terrorism should be pursued on the basis of international law and norms governing international relations, allowing the UN and its Security Council to play a leading role. It should follow a comprehensive approach with focus on eliminating the root causes of terrorism. Efforts should be made to prevent the arbitrary enlargement of the scope of counter-terrorism campaign, but proven terrorist forces, including the East Turkestan terrorist forces which have been trained, armed and bankrolled by the Taliban and Al Qaeda, must be resolutely stamped out, denying them any opportunity to wreak havoc of society again.We should step up dialogue and reconciliation and facilitate settlement of regional hotspots.We are deeply concerned about rising violence in Israel-Palestine conflict. China supports the Palestinian people in their just cause to regain legitimate national rights and establish their own state. We support the relevant UN Security Council resolutions and the principle of land for peace. We are opposed to violence targeted at innocent civilians and reject trading violence with violence. Both the Palestinian and the Israeli people have the right to live in peace, and genuine security can only be achieved through peaceful coexistence.We stand for a political settlement of the Iraqi issue. The United Nations should play an important role in this regard. Iraq should implement the relevant Security Councuil resolutions in a faithful and strict manner.We hope that India and Pakistan will soon resume dialogue on the basis of equality and mutual respect and resolve all their differences, including that over Kashmir, through peaceful means.We rejoice at the positive developments in Afghanistan over the past year or so. China is ready to join the international community in working constructively for lasting peace in Afghanistan and its post-war rehabilitation. We support the UN in playing its important role in this regard.We should strengthen exchanges and dialogues among different civilizations and keep them from coming into conflict or confrontation.Our world is home to rich, colorful and diverse civilizations, which differ from one another. And such diversity is a basic characteristic of humanity. To ignore this objective fact, or to stir up hatred and confrontation among different civilizations is inconsistent with the requirements of our times for peace and development. Trying to impose on the world only one idea and one culture while denying the unique traditions and independent choices of various countries runs counter to the tide of democratization of international relations.Different civilizations do not cause conflicts in the world, rather, they provide a starting point for a more integrated global village. Mankind has come a long way in getting to know itself and the planet it inhabits. We have every reason to treat the achievements of the various civilizations kindly with an open mind and a broad vision, and promote exchanges among them on the basis of respect for diversity. Let exclusion be replaced by tolerance, confrontation by dialogue, conflict by integration. Every one is encouraged to draw upon the strength of others with a view to realizing common development. This, in our view, is the only way to a peaceful and tranquil world, a way that gives all human civilizations a more rewarding future.Mr. President,Peace and development go hand in hand. Lasting peace and universal security can only be achieved on the basis of common prosperity in the entire international community. Many a problem we face today may have its roots found in the area of development. In coping with these challenges, it is all the more important to look to development for answers.In the past year, the UN has held a series of important meetings on development, which reviewed the implementation of the various UN initiatives for development since the 1990s and put forward programs of action for the future. In particular, the World Summit on Sustainable Development which ended earlier this month laid down a new roadmap for the international communitys endeavor at sustainable development. What is needed right now is to translate the programs and commitments into reality.In the past year, regional economic cooperation has continued to show a sound momentum and become an effective channel for mutually-complementary cooperation and common development by countries against the backdrop of globalization. We feel especially happy about the launching of the African Union, convinced that the people of Africa will take fresh historical strides on the road to development.At present factors making for greater development are all the more active. Thanks to rapidly advancing science and technology, new and more powerful driving force has been made available for human progress. With the surging economic globalization, countries and regions are all faced with a choice: forging ahead or being driven back. Their desire to accelerate development through greater participation in international competition has never been stronger.Our tasks of development have become more pressing. The situation where greater world wealth is accompanied by a widening wealth gap, must be reversed. The state of higher financial risks and frequent economic and social volatility must be redressed. The sharpening clashes between economic development on the one hand and resources and environment on the other must be allayed. The international order and the rules of the game, which cannot fairly reflect the needs of developing countries, must be changed. The goal of common development for the entire human community remains largely elusive.The new situation calls for new lines of thinking. Our propositions are as follows:Establishing a global partnership geared to development. Governments, international organizations, transnational corporations, and non-governmental groups are all parties to the cause of development and should work together for the implementation of the UNs millennium development goals. Between the South and the North, the aid recipient countries and international aid institutions, there should be a partnership characterized by mutual benefit, equality and cooperation. Assisting the developing countries today is to invest in the common destiny of all human beings. With the global economic slow-down, the developing countries are sustaining greater difficulties. The developed countries ought to lend them a helping hand in such areas as finance, trade, technology transfer and development aid and make good on their debt relief promises without delay. The new round of multilateral trade talks should be seized as an important opportunity for forging such a new partnership.Promoting a balanced and steady development of economic globalization. It would not be in the interest of a sound world economy if the laws of the marketplace were given a free rein to dominate globalization. The international community needs to reform the current rules in the world economy, strengthen guidance and management of the globalization process, take account of fairness and reduce risks while seeking efficiency, and steer globalization in an all-win direction of coexistence.Strengthening developing countries capacity for self-development. The developing countries should opt for a development path suited to their own national conditions. Always giving top priority to development, they can carry out reforms and opening-up while preserving stability and use every possible international condition in their favor to catch up with the tide of global economic development. The international community should respect the right of the develo