连词讲解及试题集 Microsoft Word 文档.doc

高考英语二轮语法连词讲解及试题集连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。（一） 并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既又），both and（不但而且），not only but also（不但而且），not but（不是而是），neither nor（既不也不），either or（不是就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.（二） 从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的：so that , such that 引导目的状语从句的：so that , in order that 引导比较状语从句的：as as , not so (as) as , than 引导方式状语从句的：as if 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。英语连词用法归纳一、概说连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如：Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如：The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand , as well as 等。如：He didnt go and she didnt go either. 他没去，她也没去。The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。三、从属连词的用法1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(from )(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等。如：Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。(from )As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：If you will sit down for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。(from )5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。You wont move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。(from )7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。Ill take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。(from )Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。He doesnt work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。如：He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。(from )I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 at the time that, during the time that。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying； when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 at the time，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）as常可与when，while通用，但强调一边、一边。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是主语+系动词结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为如果、假如，例如：Ill come when (if) Im free.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为在之前，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为直到才。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示到为止。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didnt go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now lets begin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为即使，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I dept smiling. though可用作副词，意为然而，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though. 6、once作副词译曾经，作为连词译一旦，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I dont believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if not 。例如：Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.)8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not. whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. whether和 if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if they will come or not./ I dont know whether or not they will come.if可用来引导条件状语从句，译如果，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。as引导时间状语从句，意为当时。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. as引导方式状语从句，意为象一样。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.as引导原因状语从句。意为由于，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.as引导让步状语从句。意为虽然、尽管Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you. 练习、连词1 .He is very old,_ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as2. _ you are dismissed.A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and3. They had camped once before, _ they knew what to take.A. because B. now C. so D. since4. Why these things happened was _ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that5. Although, its raining, _are still working in the fields.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they6._we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.A. So B. Since that C. Now thatD. By now.7. Write clearly _ your teacher can understand .you correctly.A. since B. for C. because D. so that8.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 9. Francis did the task_ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as10.The size of the audience,_ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. as B. what C. that D. whom11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,_ he still watches the program.A. yet B. besides C. also D. then12. It looks _ its going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that13._ to New York, her father has not heard from her.A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went14._he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D. During15. We arrived at the station _ the train had left. A. after B. before C. since D. when16._ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If17. Give me one more minute _ Ill have finished. A. so B. until C. and D. when18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,_ he could not find any work.A. and B. yet C. or D. and but19. Hurry up, _ youll be late. A. or B. and C. so D. yet20. Do not make the same mistake _ I did. A. so B. as C. like D. that21. My sister is expecting me,_ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise22. We should pay attention _ to industry _ to agriculture.A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and23. He ran off_ I could stop him. A. before B. after C. sinceD. when24._ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since25. Where have you been _ you left home? A. before B. as C. since D. when 26._ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year_ we did last year.A. as B. than C. like D. white28.It is late; _, Im too tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that29. Everything around us is _ solid .liquid _ gas.A. not . .but. B. either. .or. C. neither. .nor. D. whether. .or.30. He will come _ you ask him. A. whether B. unless C. if D. while31._ he will come or not is still unknown. A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether32.I don t know _ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where 33. He spoke loudly _ the audience could hear him clearly.A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to34. The book is not easy._ its rather difficult.A. On the one hand B. On the contrary C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary35. You must work hard,_ you will not learn English well.A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless36. It rained heavily,_ the basketball match had to be put off.A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore37. We must do _ the people want us to do.A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever38. You are certainly right,_ others may say. A. what B. whatever C. that D. as39._ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever40.Ill discuss it with you _ you like to come. A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever41._ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When 42._you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then43._ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,_ we are closely united.A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as45._ I know he will stay here for half a year.A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as46. Please write me _ you arrive in New York.A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as47. That is not _ I want. A. that B. why C. what D. whose48. _ he did it remains a secret. A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How 49. It is quite clear _ he wont see us. A. what B. that C. why D. how50. Would you tell me _ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose51. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who52. The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert.A. why B. that C. where D. /53. It has not been decided _ they will leave.A. why B. when C. which D. what54. We shall go _ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since55. He will tell you about it _ you get there. A. while B. as C. when D. /56. Dont try to get off the bus _ it has stopped.A. while B. as C. since D. before57. Ill come and see you _ I go to the countryside.A. while B. when C. as soon as D. before58. _ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.A. While B. When C. Since D. After59. Things have changed a lot _ I wrote to you last time.A. when B. since C. as D. before60. I cant use your pen, _ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when C. if D. whether 61. Id like to go swimming _ the water is not too cold.A. for B. unless C. if D. whether62. Difficulties are nothing _ we are not afraid of them.A. for B. as C. if D.