定语从句1.doc

定语从句1. 定语从句: 在复合句中充当定语的句子即定语从句。关系词：连接主句和定语从句的代词或副词先行词：被定语从句修饰或限制的名词或代词【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导】 限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词（如下表）：功能作用用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose（=of whom）as（修饰主句）whose（=of which）as（修饰主句）*Thecomputersandcableswhichmakeupthe Internetareownedby peopleandorganizations. *Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingetting closetootherpeople. *Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithher grandmother. 1)当先行词是all/anything/everything/something/nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first/last/any/few/much/some/no/only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。 *ThatisallthatIveheardfromhim. *HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthis afternoon. 2)在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 *Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoput up. *Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when/where/why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 *Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings. *Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday. 非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略】 *Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlike magnetism. 限制性和非限定性定语从句的区别定语从句类型书写形式与主句的关系翻译方法限制性不用逗号与主句分开是主句不可分割的一部分的非限制性用逗号与主句分开是对先行词作补充说明两个分句“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 【“介词 +whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配】 *Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhis savings *Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareall familiar. as引导的定语从句 【as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as” 的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间】 *Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved. (as代替先行词problems) *Asismentionedabove, nosinglecompanyorgroupcan Control whathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语) 【真题解析】1. They have invited me to dinner._ is very kind of them.A）asB）whichC）itD）that 2. The audience, _ were students, enjoyed the performance very much. A）most of whomB）most of themC）most of thoseD）most of these 3. The United States is composed of fifty states, _ are separated from the others by land or water.A）two of whichB）two of themC）two of whomD）two of those4. He went up the mountains with a group of people, _ were correctly equipped for such a climb.A）few of whomB）few of themC）few of those peopleD）few of these people5. We need a monitor _.A）for whom everyone has confidence B）whom everyone has confidence ofC）in whom everyone has confidenceD）whom everyone has confidence for6. The man speaking at the platform was Mr. Simpson, _ the party was given.A）in this honor B）for this honorC）in whose honorD）for whose honor7. Ive never been to my parents hometown, but its the place _.A）in which Id like to visit B）I want to visit mostC）where Id like to visit D）that I want to visit it most【强化练习】1I have bought two ball pens, _ writes well.A）neither of themB）none of themC）neither of which D）none of which2I shall always remember the day _ which I first met you.A）in B）onC）aboutD）for3Diamond is the hardest natural substance _.A）we are know B）that is knowC）which is knowD）who know of4The boy, _, turned out to be the son of one of my neighbors.A）whose leg was brokenB）who break his legC）whose leg breaks D）whom was broken leg5The old woman has two sons, one _ is a teacher.A）of whoB）of whomC）of which D）of them6John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A）who B）what C）that D）as7Crusoes dog became ill and died, _ made him very lonely.A）this B）that C）which D）as8_ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A）as B）that C）what D）which9The students will put off the match until next week, _ they wont be so busy.A）since B）as C）when D）while10All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A）for our needs B）that is neededC）the thing neededD）what is needed11The residents, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cro