小升初英语集训班教程.doc

洛阳市英才培训中心:www.lyyc.tv 好父母教育咨询网:www.haofumu.tv四、形容词、副词一 形容词1. 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，在句中可作定语、表语、状语等成分。如：This is a difficult problem to solve.（作定语） The weather here is very pleasant.（作表语） She is very polite.（作表语）2. 形容词的位置1）作定语一般位于名词前。 如：I have a busy day. 我忙了一天。 China has a peaceful environment.2）形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody,nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。 如：I have something important to tell you.3）多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序 限定词（包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等）+大小+形状+性质或状态+颜色+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来源+名词如：There are a few big round black new wooden French tables in the room.4） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。如：The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。二、副词1. 副词一般可分为以下几类：时间副词 如：now, usually, often, always, sometimes等。地点副词 如：here, there, out, everywhere等。方式副词 如：hard, well, fast, slowly等。程度副词 如：very, much, still, almost等。疑问副词 如：how, when, why, where等。连接副词 如：whether, why, when, how等。2. 形容词化副词：1）.大多数副词是用形容词加后缀ly构成的。 Eg: quickly slowly bravely 2）.以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。 Eg: happy-happily angry-angrily 3）.有些副词没有特殊词尾。 Eg: late, often, here, quite, never, very 4）.有些副词与形容词形式相同。 Eg: late, early, high, long, fast5）.只有可以分成比较级的副词才能有比较级和最高级形式。Eg: fast ,easily等。 像only, really, here, there则不可能有比较级，因为它们是不可分级的3. 副词的位置1）、频度副词，如always, often, sometimes, usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，则要放在其后。He usually has lunch in the factory. 他通常在工厂吃午饭。The boy is often late for class. 那个孩子上课经常迟到。2）、enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放前；修饰形容词或副词时，应放词之后。 I have enough money to buy the book. 我有足够的钱买下这本书。Hes tall enough to get the book down. 他足够高，可以把书取下来。3）、“及物动词+副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则要必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try on the shoes, please? 我可以试穿这鞋吗？Dont cut it down! 别把它砍倒！4）、程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。Im very sad to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。形容词、副词等级变化1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。 2).形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化1.规则变化（1）单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成。见下表：情 况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般单音节词加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y”结尾的双音节词变y为i再加-er或-estearlyhappyeatlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest（2）多音节和大部分双音节词，可以在原级前加构成比较级和最高级。原 级比较级最高级interestingmore interestingmost interestingpopularmore popularmost interestingimportantmore importantmost importantbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful2、不规则变化有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。见下表：原 级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfarther, furtherfarthest, furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldest注意：farfurther furthest（表示程度） farfartherfarthest（表示远近） oldolderoldest（表新旧） oldeldereldest（表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼）3).比较级前的修饰词：a little, a lot, much, even; far; still形容词和副词比较等级的用法（一）原级的用法两者比较，表示双方程度相同或不同时用原级。相同时用肯定式“as+原级+as”句型表示，不同时用否定式“not as +原级+as”句型表示。 Lesson Five is as difficult as Lesson Four. 第五课和第四课同样难。Lily is not as careful as Linda. 莉莉不如琳达细心。I can draw as well as he . 我能画得和他一样好。A bird doesnt fly as fast as a plane. 鸟不能飞得像飞机那样快。（二）比较级的用法将两方人或事物进行比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than+”这一结构。Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。（三）最高级的用法表示三者或三者以上的比较，要用最高级。形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前通常省略定冠词the，并且在句尾常带of, in或among等构成的短语来说明比较的范围。Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。This coat is the longest of the three. 这件外套是三件中最长的。She is the youngest in the class. 她是班里年纪最小的。He runs fastest among the six boys. 他是6个男孩中跑得最快的。Mother gets up earliest in my family every morning. 每天早上我们家中妈妈起得最早。比较等级的其他用法1、有形容词比较级前有时可以用much, even, still, a little, two years等表示程度的状语来修饰。He is five years older than his wife. 他比他的妻子大5岁。2、有很多情况下，说话双方都很清楚地知道所比较的对象，因此，than的结构常被省略。Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗？3、原级常用来表示倍数，“比多/大几倍”。The red dress costs nearly twice as much as the green one. 那条红裙子比那条绿裙子贵近一倍。4、“the more+形容词或副词，the more+形容词或副词”这一结构译为“越是就越”，表示两个过程按比例同时增减。The faster, the better. 越快越好。The busier she was, the happier she felt. 她越忙就越高兴。5、形容词比较级要避免与自身进行比较。要用“比较级+than any other+单数名词”来表示“比其他的任何都”。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。6、形容词最高级有时放在one of 之后，构成“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”的形式。Wuhan is one of the biggest cities in China. 武汉是中国最大的城市之一。7、形容词最高级前面如果有序数词修饰，序数词应放在定冠词之后。Is Shanghai the second largest city in China? 上海是中国的第二大城市吗？练习一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ far_ well_二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1、Li Lei is thestudent in our class. (tall)2、Lucy isthan Kate. (fat)3、Who runs thein the class? (fast)4、Kate drawsin our class. (well)5、My brother is muchthan you. (young)6、I think my car is asas yours. (nice)7、This box is theof the three. (heavy)8、Lesson One is muchthan Lesson Two. (easy)9、I feel muchtoday. (ill)10、I think maths is thesubject of all. (difficult)11、Winter is theseason of the year. (cold)12、My radio is not soas his. (good)13、I am too tired to go any. (far)14、Who works, Jack or John? (carefully)15、This street isthan that one. (narrow)16、Who is, you or I? (busy)17、Who is thenurse in this hospital? (busy)18、Kate is one of thegirls. (clever)19、There iswater in this bottle than in that one.(little)20、Who has theapples, Li Lei, Jim or Bruce? (many)三)、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are.2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is, I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_ _as _as your uncle? Yes, I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _?No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_ Tom _ _ than you? No, he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。_ more exercise, youll _ _ soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like _.All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My _ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_ the girls _ _ _the boys? Yes, they _.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No, they _ as _ as me.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My _ _ _ than my _.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_ sweater_ as_ as _.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one.四）、单项选择题：1、The road is notfor three trucks to run side by side.Awide enoughBso wideCtoo wideDenough wide2、Who isof you three?Athe oldest Bmuch olderColdest Dolder3、These apples look.AniceBwellCsweetlyDnicely4、Can we do our work withmoney and people?Aless, fewerBlesser, fewCfew, lessDlittle, less5、Monday is myday.Athe busiestBbusyCbusierDbusiest6、Our classroom isbrighter than theirs.AmoreBquiteCveryDmuch7、I got uptoday.AlaterBmore latelyClatelyDlate8、Jim doesnt run asas Li Ming.AfastBfasterCfastestDmore fast9、 “How are your grandfather and grandmother?”“They are very, thank you.”AwellBgoodCkindDdear10、His radio is too noisy. Ask him, please.Ato turn it down Bturn it down Cto turn down it Dturn down it11、The boy is notto go to school.Aenough old Bold enough Cyounger enoughDenough younger12、Winter is coming. The weather will get.Awarmer and warmerBcold and cold Ccool and coolDcolder and colder四数词数词包括基数词和序数词两大类。 一、基数词 1112的基数词是独立的单词。即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten， eleven ， twelve 。 21319的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊，13 thirteen 15 fifteen 18 eighteen 32090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，seventy，但20，30，40，50，80，较特殊， 20 twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty 90ninety 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six。 6hundred（百），thousand （千）， million （百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600six hundred，8百万eight million。 71000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thousand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thousand）”表示“几十万”。如：2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350 88,065,909 。8hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of复数名词”。如：数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of thousands ofmillions of 复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。 9基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座800米长的桥 ； 二、序数词 1基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别：firth ， second ， third ，eighteighth nine ninth ，five fifth ，twelve twelfth ，twenty twentieth ，fortyfortieth，twenty-five twenty-fifth 。 2其余情况均在基数词后加th。sixsixth, nineteennineteenth ,hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 三、数词的应用 1钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如：现在是5点钟Its five（oclock）“几点过几分，30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05five past seven；7：15fifteen（a quarter）past seven；7：30half past seven。“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用 60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40twenty to eight；7：45fifteen（a quarter）to eight。日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05seven o five；7：15 seven fifteen。 2编号的表示： Lesson One the first lesson第一课； Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车； 表示住所时不用“No”如：302房间Room 302（读作：room three o two）； 如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 3年月日的表示：年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999nine- teen ninety-nine；1900nineteen hundred； 2000two thousand；1905nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。 4分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：13 one third，23 two thirds；12 a（one）half， 14 或a ，34 .5倍数的表达：一倍用once，两倍用 ，两倍以上用基数词 times 。如：5倍 。 四、特殊用法 1数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）onean hour and a half 。五、数词和冠词（ ）1.- Are the drinks or different? They are different.A.sameB.the sameC.some（ ）2.Sue Hais father is engineer, her mother is doctor.A.a; theB.an; aC.a; /D.a; a（ ）3.There are days in a week. Today is the day of the week.A.seventh; seventhB.seven; sevenC.seventh; sevenD.seven; seventh（ ）4.Whats the next number? 30240, 3360, 420, 60, ? A.10B.30C.25D.40（ ）5.Lucy and Lily are in .A.the same rowsB.different rowC.same rowD.different rows（ ）6.You have a book, I have , too.A.aB.itC.oneD.its（ ）7.Thats orange bus.A.theB.aC./D.an（ ）8.Theres “h” in the word “have”.A.theB.aC.anD./（ ）9.This is stamp. Its American stamp.A.a; theB.the; anC.an; aD.a; an（ ）10.Bill is boy. He is English boy.A.a; theB.a; anC.the; anD.an; an（ ）11.I can see the duck.A./B.twoC.threeD.a（ ）12.He is man. He is old man.A.a; anB.a; aC.an; a五.代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表：人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits练一练：1、按要求写出相应人称代词。I（宾格） she（形容词性物主代词） we（名词性物主代词）he（复数）us（单数）theirs（主格） its（宾格） 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。IitwemeyouthemmyHisyourminehers3、用所给词的适当形式填空。1）That is not _ kite.That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! ( it )13）_ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )4、代词部分（ ）1. It is an day, we are all very .A.excited, excitingB.exciting, excitingC.exciting, excited（ ）2. These books are . Here are in schoolbag.A.my; herB.mine; herC.mine; sheD.my; hers（ ）3. Pass some water, please.A.weB.usC.ourD.I （ ）4. These rulers are for .A.you and us B.me and sheC.I and theyD.his and her（ ）5. I think its classroom.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours（ ）6. -Is there milk in the fridge?-Yes, there is .A.any, someB.a, oneC.some, anyD.a, any（ ）7. -Give Tom and Ann some apples. Give some bananas, too.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs（ ）8. These coats look like .A.oursB.ourC.usD.we（ ）9. I cant see bananas oranges on the table.A.some, andB.any, orC.any, andD.some, with（ ）10. -Is this postcard? -Yes. Its . Its from friend.A.yours, I , myB.your, mine , myC.yours, mine , myD.yours, my , my（ ）11. are all good students in school.A.You, I and sheB.I, she and youC.You, she and ID.She, you and I（ ）12. One of English.A.we areB.we isC.us areD.us is（ ）13. are Young Pioneers.A.They allB.All themC.All theyD.All of them（ ）14. -Whose dress is this?- .A.Its herB.Its myC.Its mine（ ）15. -Let go and give this book to .A.me; hisB.me; himC.mine; him（ ）16. -Do you have a red pencil? -Yes, I have .A.someB.anyC.no（ ）17.The two girls are twins. names are Lucy and Lily.A.TheyB.TheyreC.TheirD.Theirs（ ）18.Look at Mikes trousers. nice.A.ItsB.TheyreC.There areD.There is（ ）19.This is Li Lei. He is my friends.A.meB.one ofC.heD./（ ）20.Would you like meat?A.someB.anyC.a（ ）21.She is singing. She is too .A.quietB.loudC.quick（ ）22.My desk is here. is your desk?A.WhereB.ThatC.What（ ）23.The skirts are for .A.you and meB.you and IC.me and you （ ）24.Put this watch on the desk and put that on the floor.A.itB.oneC.ones六.介词1.不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down,from,in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of2、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in。（1）at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定词组中。如：at ten oclock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning（3）in表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 20053、in一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服），