初中现在完成时讲解练习及答案.doc

现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成构成：(1) 肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing(2) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing(3) 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词。如：live，learn，study，work等。I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成havent和hasnt，如：Have you been doing your homework since this morning?从今天早晨开始你就一直在写作业吗？Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？I havent been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）二、现在完成进行时的功能（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。I have been learning English since ten years ago.自从十年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）（3） 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动。 She has been playing tennis since she was eight.注意：（一）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。I have known him for years.我认识他已经好几年了。 （二）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了。 （三）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。三标志词： 以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。四 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别： (1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如：I have read a book about birds. （已经读完）I have been reading a book about birds. （一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去。）(2) 两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 如：She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）其他（一） 现在完成时分“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法： 1“已完成”指的是动作发生在过去，强调其对现在产生的影响。I have seen this film.我看过这部电影。(意思说我已经知道了电影的内容。)注意：“已完成”这种用法一般不带时间状语，但可以和already, yet,before,ever,just,no等副词连用。I have never said he is rich. 我从来不说他有钱。2. “未完成”指的是动作从过去开始，且一直继续到现在。因此不能用表示瞬间性的或称短暂性的动词。“未完成”的现在完成时常与since结构或“for+一段时间”的状语连用。I have lived here since I was born.我一出生就住在这里。注意：“未完成”这种用法还常与until now, so far, in/during the past/ last.等连用。In the past ten years, many new schools have been built up in our city.过去十年中我市已兴建了许多新学校。（二）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的“未完成”用法类似。它强调动作的延续，常常译做“一直在”。其基本用法有三个： 1. 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始、现在仍在继续的动作。其时间状语除了since结构和for结构外， 还有all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语。Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.我等了一个小时，可他还没来。2. 现在完成进行时还用来表示从过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。Im sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?真对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吧?3. 现在完成进行时还可以用来表示反复的、连续的动作。She has been telephoning her husband, but there is no answer.她一直在给她丈夫打电话，但没有人接。4. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.四、 since，from和for的区别(1) from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时。如：The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. 这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end. 他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天 (2) since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。如：Many things have happened since they came here.自从他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester.老师说从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。 (3) for是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。如： Ive known her for five years. 我认识她已经五年了。 .1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetried.2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got was D. climbedis.4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad.5. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted.6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. Haveseenhaveseen D. Did seehaveseen.7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaited B. have keptwaited C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited.8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent.9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Hascriedhas stopped B. Iscryingstopped C. Did crystopped D. Iscryinghas stopped.10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived C. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive.11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in.12. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at.13.He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been.14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sent B. camehad sent C. comehave sent D. had comesent.15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. wenttook B. wenthad taken C. had gonetook D. had gonehad taken.16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A. had foundhad been B. had foundwas C. foundhad been D. foundwas.17. Before the news _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reacheshas got B. reachedhad got C. reachedgot D. had reachedgot.18. I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wroteheard B. wrotehad heard C. had writtenheard D. have writtenhear.19. People _ that the soldiers _ fighting.A. sayhad stopped B. saidhas stopped C. saystopped D. saidhad