牛津高二英语模块七第四单元 学案汇编.doc

牛津高二英语M7U4 Public transport学案Project第一部分：重点讲解release 释放, 放开, 放松Youd better release the bird from its cage.He refused to release her arm. (放开她的胳膊)You need to release the tension in these shoulder muscles. (放松肩部肌肉)After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself he _ it into the sea.(2004上海) A. transported B. unloaded C. released D. handled aim n 目标, 目的, 瞄准Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe. Her aim was good and she hit the lion with her first shot. (瞄得准)V 目的是, 旨在; 瞄准, 对准; 力求达到, 力争做到; 针对These measures are aimed at preventing violent crimes. 目的是, 旨在I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by mistakes. 瞄准, 对准We aim to be there around six. 力求达到, 力争做到The book is aimed at very young children. 针对Practice 他的人生目标很高 这个女孩打算成为一名演员. 他用枪瞄准了一会儿, 但没有开枪 (He has a high aim in life; The girl aims at becoming an actress; He aimed his gun for a while but didnt shoot) arise （arose，arisen，arising）vi.（1） (由)发生，出现 arise from/out of+n.accidents can arise from carelessness. 因而引起a strong wind arose in the night.夜间刮起了强风。New difficulties will arise from such situation.产生n.+ arises： an opportunity arises.机会到来了。A problem/situation arises.发生问题/情况了。 A dispute arises。引起争论。 （2）（烟等）从升起smoke arose from chimney.A mist arose from the lake.湖上起雾了。signal Vt.向发信号；以信号通知 signal + n. signal orders 以信号下达命令signal a massage以信号发消息 how can we signal that rowboat？signal （to）n. to do 向发信号示意要signal （to）n. that/ for sthHe signaled to the band to starting playing.She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.I signaled to the waiter for the menu/ashtray.signal for help/ask for helpadj. 作为信号的（前置定语）a signal flag; 显著的，非凡的n. 1) 信号，暗号 a danger signal危险信号 A siren is a signal of emergency.She gave the signal to stop.2) 信号器；开端，导火线，动机 His book was a signal for the birth of the movement.overtake （overtook，overtaken）vt. 超过，赶上，追上（人，车.），坏事突然袭击某人（常用被动）she was overtaken by misfortune.她突然遭到不幸。fine n. 罚金，罚款 a fine for sth.(illegal parking)impose /levy a fine on sb. 处罚某人罚金； incur(招致) a fine of 10 dollars.pay a 50 fine= pay a fine of 50 a heavy/severe/stiff fine 高额罚金, vt. fine sb. Will the judge fine him heavily?fine sb + n. for sth. I was fined 30 dollars for speaking.adj. 身体好的,优质的consume vt.（1）消费，耗尽，浪费 He consumed all his energy. The air conditioner consumes a lot of electricity（2）吃光，喝完 he consumed all the sandwiches.（3）（火）将烧尽the fire consumed the entire building.（4）（感情）迷住（人心）（常用被动）he was consumed with curiosity.consumption n. 消费，耗费 consumer n. 消费者dismiss vt.（1）摒弃（想法）；丢开 he dismissed the suggestion as ridiculous.（2）把解雇，解职 dismiss sb for sth. The workers were dismissed for being lazy. dismiss sb from He didnt mind at dismissing anyone from his company（3）使离开，解散（集会等）dismiss sth. The teacher decided to dismiss the class early. （4）驳回，不受理dismissal n.load v.（1）将货物装上，装货 load sth with sth load +adv.They loaded the ship with goods quickly. The truck was loaded with bananas.Finish loading up by noon.（2）装货于 load sth into/onto sth He helped me to load my furniture onto the truck. （3）满载，装满，摆满 load sth with the table was loaded with dishes.（4）大量给予 load sb with She loaded him with abuse.她狠狠骂了他一顿。Load a person with compliments 对人说了很多恭维话。（5）把装进，放入 load the camera with films 把胶卷装入相机load down （将重物）堆积于；使负重担 load with sth1. confuse; vt. 1).使困惑，使慌乱 / 糊涂become / get d 困惑，不知所措 + n. The difficult question d him.be d by / at People were d by a lot of information 人们被搞糊涂了。 2). 把与混淆，弄错 + n. + with I d her with her sister become they are so alike. 3).使（论点）混乱，弄错confison: 1). 混乱，杂乱，骚乱，忙乱 in 混乱地 His room was in complete . 他的房间乱七八糟的。 dire / terrible 混乱至极 2). 混淆 of liberty with license 自由与放纵的。 between names 名字的混淆 3).困惑，张皇失措 throw sth. Into 使陷入混乱 cause 造成困惑，混乱 clear up 清理困惑 confusing: adj. 令人混淆的，令人困惑的，含糊的 confused: adj. 混乱的杂乱的，困惑的，不知所措的2. annoy: vt 使烦恼/ 焦躁 / 为难（常用被动语态） + n. +with + n . These files are annoying me. + n. by doing sth. Dont your neighbours with loud music at night / by singing loudly. be ed at / by He was ed at his rudness. be ed with sb. She was ed with him because he was rude. annoyance: U恼怒，困扰 C烦扰（讨厌）的东西 / 原因 be put to 被恼怒，被烦扰 to ones 令恼怒的是 give / cause to 给带来烦恼 ing adj. 使人烦恼的， 恼人的，讨厌的3. undertake undertook undertaken Vt. 1).承担（工作，责任，）承办 sth. He undrtook the difficult task willingly. I will the responsibility. 2). 着手，进行，企图He undertook a new experiment. 3). 保证，担保 He undertook to finish the work by Monday. He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday.untaking C 事业，企业，工作，承诺的事（常用单数） enter on a new 开创新事业 the to do / that 承诺要做 He had an to finish work by Monday. / that he would finish the work by Monday.4. sacrifice: n . 牺牲（的行为）Parents often make s (为而牺牲)for their children. He achieved great success at great . 他做了很多牺牲才获得成功。 牺品，供品 offer a to God; a lamb (killed as a to God) vt. 牺牲She d her life to save her child. I wont my health in pursuit of wealth.fall to a to 成为的牺牲品at the of 牺牲 供奉祭品，以献祭They d a lamb to God.5. postpone: vt. 延期，延长，拖延 until / to The game was d to next week because of the bad weather.narrow 窄的， 狭隘的He has a narrow mind . 他度量很小He was lucky to have a narrow escape from death. 他很辛运 ，九死一身。He narrowly escaped being punished他差一点受到惩罚dozen(1). 与具体数词 a, many, several等连用I want three dozen eggs.(2). 有指示代词物主代词要加ofI want three dozen of these eggs(your eggs)(3). Dozens of I have been there dozens of time.第二部分：练习I. 短语翻译71 许多古建筑2 对造成影响3 阻塞交通4 相对狭窄5 联结，会合6 加速了 的步伐7 用作, 起作用8 折价，减价发行9 允许某人做10 两三杯啤酒11 希望12 目的是13 把与混淆14 补偿，弥补15 由引起16 冲掉，冲垮17 在修理中18 加速19 注意到20 因而不耐烦21 在19世纪上半叶22 远郊23 导致，引起24 在地面下方25 更好地利用26 增强人们对地意识27 注意周围地交通28 喝酒，饮酒29 违反法律30 潜在的原II 翻译句子1 他承担了所有事情地安排工作，这使得他很累。 He_ _ for everything, _made him quite tired.2. 他留在家里为我过生日，这出乎我的意料。 He _ _ _ for my birthday, which was _ _ _.3.随着开发隧道方法的日益进步，第一条地铁隧道于1984年竣工。 _ more _ ways of _ tunnels were developed, the first railway tunnel was dug in 1984.4.你们没有任何权力进入这所房子，这是私宅。 You dont _ _ _ for _ this house. Its private.5. 我们在物色既可靠又勤奋的人。 Were _ _ someone who is _ and _.6.车身失控就会诱发事故。 This _ _ control is an _ to accident.7.如果你和一直在喝酒的人在一起，即使对方只喝几杯啤酒，也不要让他开车。 If you are with someone else who _ _ _ alcohol, even if they have had just _ _ _ beers, dont _ them to drive.8. 我妈妈不允许我晚上单独外出。 My mother does not _ me _ go out _ at night.9.一般说来，人们喜欢购买各种各样的折价商品。 _ _, people like to buy all kinds of things _ _ _.10. 跟上变化的速度是很困难的。 Its difficult to _ _ _ the rapid _ of changes.第三部分：练习答案I. 短语翻译1. Many historic buildings2. Cause damage to3. Chock off traffic4. Comparatively narrow5. Link up6. Accelerate the pace of7. Function as8. At a discount9. Permit sb. to do10. A couple of beers11. In the hope that12. Be aimed at13. Confuse. With14. Make up for15. Arise from16. Wash away17. Under repair 18. Speed up19. Take notice of20. Be impatient with21. During the first half of the 19th century22. The distant boundary23. Lead to24. Beneath the surface of the ground25. Make better use of26. Increase peoples awareness of27. Pay attention to surrounding traffic28. Consume alcoholic29. Violate the law30. Potential causesII. 翻译句子：1 undetook , arrangements, which, tired2 was , at , home, beyond, my, expectations3 as, advanced, digging4 have, any, authority, entering5 looking , for, reliable, hardworking6 lack, of , invitation7 has, been, drinking, a , couple, of, allow8 permit, to, alone9 Generally speaking, at, a , discount10 keep, up, with, pace班级姓名学号等第Unit 4 Module 7 Public transportReading Language PointsLearning Procedures:1. 【原句回放】【语言点】distinction n. the quality of being sth that is special 在此处意为“特质，特点，不同凡响”。常见搭配：have the distinction of. This bridge has the distinction of _ being the longest one in our country. (这座桥在我国享有最长之桥的美誉。) （B级）【拓展】distinction还有以下含义：C 差别，区别，对比。常用搭配：(make a) distinction between A and B. We must _ make a distinction between right and wrong. (我们必须分清对错。)U区分，分清，辨别。常用搭配：without distinction 毫无区别。 All students can receive the books _ without distinction _. （所有学生都能无区别地得到这些书。 （B级）2. 【结构分析】句中building railway tracks into the city是动名词，在because引导的原因状语从句中作_主语_。该从句中使用的是虚拟语气，相当于If railway tracks _had been built in the city_, they would have caused damage to many historic buildings.（B级）【配套练习】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _ of 60 miles.（2004全国） A. length B. distance C. way D. space The traffic accident caused great damage to the car.（交通事故使汽车损坏得很厉害。） 3. 【结构分析】这是由and连接的两个并列句。第二个并列句中有so that结构，that引导_结果状语从句。【语言点】choke off 阻塞；阻止，打断；停止，中止The chimney was choked off with soot . (那烟囱被烟垢堵住.)The heavy snow choked the traffic off.（使交通中断了）（B级） .The drought _choked off the supply of water_ in that area. （干旱使那个地区的水供应中断了） 【拓展】choke back 抑制（愤怒，悲痛） choke up噎住；激动的说不出话来4. 【结构分析】which were pulled through the comparatively narrow tunnels by steam engine是_非限制性定语从句_从句， 用来修饰_ carriages _【语言点】transport vt . 输送，运送，运输（货物，人等）That yellow bus transported passengers from airport to the city.(那辆黄色公共汽车将乘客从机场运送到城里。)The goods were transported by plane_.那些物品是用飞机运输的。【拓展】transport还可以用作名词，意为“运输，交通工具，交通运输系统”，相当于transportation. The city must improve its _public transport_（公共交通）. （B级）5. 【语言点】link up 是不及物动词词组，意为“连接，结合；联合”等，常用结构：link up with sb / sth.如： The two spacecraft will link up with each other in orbit. (两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上互相连接。)We linked up with_ the company.(我们与该公司携手合作。)The two companies _linked up_ to organize / hold_ a charity event.（两家公司联合举办了一场慈善活动。）The United States should link up with China to deal with major international problems.（中美两国应该联合起来，共同应对国际重大问题。） （B级）6.【语言点】accelerate v. increase the speed of; cause to move faster or happen earlier 加快的速度；使加速 accelerate the pace of “加快的步伐”The government plans to accelerate the pace of reform.（政府打算加快改革步伐。）A driver _ his car when he makes it go faster or increases its speed.A. modifies B. develops C. accelerates D stimulatesMany people complain of rapid _ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth （B级）7. 【结构分析】as引导的是_原因状语从句_。【语言点】inconvenient adj. causing difficulty or trouble 不方便的Its inconvenient right now_could you phone again later? （现在不太方便，等会再来电话，好吗？） （B级）【拓展】inconvenience n. 不便 We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train.8.【语言点】be responsible for 对负责任 n. responsibilityParents _should be responsible for _ their childrens safety. (父母亲应负责子女的安全。) （B级）9. 【结构分析】added 是_过去分词_作后置定语，修饰_line_.【语言点】in honour of sb./sth.: in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or sth.为庆祝；为纪念They held a banquet in honour of _ the president. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. (2006陕西)A. in favor of B. in memory ofC. in honour of D. in search of （B级）10. 【结构分析】这是由and连接的两个并列句，它们都是祈使_句；that引导定语从句，修饰_ the travel cards _。【语言点】permit (permitted_, _permitting_) v. 允许，准许。常用结构 permit sth / doing sth / sb to do; 另外，它还可以用作不及物动词，意为“使有可能（to make sth possible）”You are not permitted to smoking_ in the hospital.（医院内不准吸烟。)We have arranged to play tennis on Saturday, weather permitting_ (= if weather permits; if the weather is good enough) （C级）11. 【结构分析】you have just read前省略了that_, 引导_定语_从句， 修饰_ the brochure _.整个句子的谓语动词是_ refers to _。【语言点】refer (_referred_, _referring_) to常用用法： refer to sb / sth (as sth) : to mention or talk about sb / sth“提及，谈到，指”She always refers to_ Ben _as_ “that nice man”. （她老是把本称作“那个好心人”。该句变为被动语态为：Ben is always referred to as _“that nice man”. refer to sb /sth : to find out information by asking sb or by looking in a book, etc.“参考，查阅，查询，询问” If you dont understand a word, you may _refer to a dictionary_（查字典）. （B级）12.【语言点】at a discount 打折They sell the sweater _ a discount of 30 percent. A. on B. for C. at D. with （B级）【随堂练习】（C级）一、短语翻译。二、单选。 CCBBD BBAB牛津高二英语M7U4 Public transport学案Grammar and usage分词作定语和状语分词分为现在分词和过去分词，具有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、补足语、表语或状语。其否定形式是直接在前面加not。分词的基本情况如下表所示： 类别主动语态被动语态时间意义语态意义现在分词一般式 DoingBeing done与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生根据语态形式，主动或被动意义完成式Having doneHaving been done发生在谓语动词之前根据语态形式，主动或被动意义过去分词done无表示动作完成被动意义1 分词作定语（1）现在分词作定语时和被修饰词之间为主动关系，表示动作正在或经常发生。单个现在分词作定语放在被修饰词前面，现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词的后面。 【考例1】 There have been several new events _ _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（06年北京卷） A. add B. to add C. adding D. added解析 D。本题考查非谓语动词作定语用法，题干部分可改写为：There have been several new events (that have been) added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（2）过去分词作定语时和被修饰词之间往往是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词的后面。 【考例2】 Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contribution to environmental protection.（06年山东卷） A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given解析 C。题中a title是award的同位语，后接非谓语动词短语作定语，因此可排除B,D两项。选项动词give与名词title之间是被动关系，且根据句意，give并非表示正在进行，因此用过去分词作定语。答案为C。 2 分词作状语（1）现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等；表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词 while或when引导。 【考例3】When _ _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （06年浙江卷） A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared解析 C。选项动词compare与句子主语之间是主动关系，根据语意选项动词并非发生在谓语动词之前，所以用现在分词的一般式的主动语态作状语，表示时间。正确答案为C。 （2）过去分词在句中作状语时和句子的主语之间是被动关系，即动宾关系。它在句中可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式、让步及伴随状况等。 【考例4】 _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.（06年福建卷） A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed解析 B。blame sb. for sth.意为因某事责怪某人，题中blame与主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，表示原因。 注意：在英语中有些表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定用语，不遵循其逻辑主语与句子一致的原则。如：generally speaking总的来说；judging from根据判断； speaking of说到；talking of谈到；considering考虑到。 高考链接：1. (06全国I) _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising2. (06全国II) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things.A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought3. (06天津) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfying4. (06四川) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face5. (06广东) No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. being performed6. (06上海) Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned7. (06上海) _ automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out8. (06江苏) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly