英语外位语结构的翻译.doc

英语外位语结构的翻译在一个完整句子的外边，额外出现一个或几个单词或短语，附加在句前、句后或句中，用逗号与句中其他部分隔开，表示与句子内部没有组织上的关系，即使把它移走，句子这样成立。这种“组织无关，语义相连”的结构，我们称之为“外位结构”（separate construction）外位结构在英语中俯拾皆是。其优点很多，用在翻译写作中，可以收到语句简练、笔锋有力、文体优美等效果。Ripe, these apples are sweet.She is 44, six years his senior.外位成分与一般附加语的区别：同样的单词或短语，在句中是否是外位成分，关键在于有无逗号隔开。1 His speech was reported at length in the newspapers.2 At length, his speech was reported in the newspaper.3 The work was done anyhow.(马马虎虎地)4 Anyhow, the work was done. （无论如何）5 He did not die happily. (死得很苦)6 Happily, he did not die. (说来幸运)外位结构的修辞效果一、语言简练1 从各个方面考虑，我们认为这是个好计划。a. If we take all things into consideration, we must regard this as a good plan.b. All things considered, it is a good plan.2 周围没有村落，连找一株大树躲避一下都不可能。a. There were no villages around, and there was not even a big tree under which we might take shelter.b. There were no villages around, not even a big tree to take shelter under.二、 紧凑流畅1a. They struggled forward. They were exhausted. Their steps were dragging. They had to push on.b. Exhausted, they struggled forward, their steps dragging, and they had to push on.三、 突出有力1.a. At the meeting he made an eloquent and energetic speech.b. At the meeting he made a speech, eloquent and energetic.四、 生动活泼1. 你的朋友们会说什么呢？Your friend, what will they say?2. 那个猫吃了那只老鼠，连皮带骨头都吃了。The cat has eaten th