Unit seven- 完整答案- 新目标大学英语《综合教程》 第一册.doc

Listening and Speaking1.Nonverbal CommunicationIts well known that good communication is the 1)foundationof any successful relationship, be it personal or 2)professional. Its important to recognize, though, that its our nonverbal communication our facial expressions, 3)gestures, eye contact, posture, and tone of voice that speaks the 4)loudest. The things we dont say can still 5)conveyvolumes of information. The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication, or body language, is a 6)powerfultool that can help us 7)connectwith others, 8)expresswhat we really mean, and build better relationships. According to various researchers, body language is thought to 9)accountfor between 50 to 70 percent of all communication. These nonverbal 10)signalsmake up a huge part of daily communication.Text AReading Comprehension1.Topic Sentence:The range of body distance varies withthe degree of intimacy and equalitythat is thought to exist in the relationship.Major supporting details1. One extreme is “untouchability”.2. The other extreme isvery little social and physical distance.3.The same physical distance maintainedis a compromise.4.Personal spacechanges with time sand across cultures.Minor supporting details1. A nobleman finds it distasteful to be close to a commoner.2.1) People in certain tribal and peasant societies stand or sitdisconcertingly closefor a Westerners tastes.2) Their experience inNepalevidently indicatesthere is little appreciation of privacy and separatenessin some societies.3. The English stand close enough to showengagementandinvolvement, but not too close to causeembarrassmentandintrusion.4.1) Twenty years ago, it was strange tokissfemales or tohugmen, but now this custom has spread fromthe continent.2) But in Japan, tokiss on the lipsin public is an obscene gesture;touching others in publicuntil recently was considered rather indecent.3) On first meeting, in Western countries, people used to handshake with a friend but in Japan it is common tobow and offer a name card.2.GestureImplicationkissing on the cheekgreeting friends or acquaintanceshugginggreeting friends or acquaintanceskissing on the lips in public in Japanobscene gesturetouching another in public in Japanindecent behaviora bow and a name cardmeeting someone for the first timea bow or smilemeeting someone more than oncehandshakesymbolizing friendship, equality, mutual graspingfending off the other with the arm extendedgreeting friends or acquaintancesmeeting someone more than oncegreeting friends at the start and end of the meetingembracea drawing togethergreeting friends or acquaintancesReading and Discussing3.Key for reference2) Cultural misunderstandings can occur when people dont share or understand the rules of a particular culture. The rules of how you behave are to do with what people expect you to do in certain situations. People can learn the rules of a new culture by watching people and through asking questions. It is cultural values that lead to expectations and rules about how people behave.Language in Use4.Noun(s)VerbAdjective(s)appreciationappreciateappreciable; appreciativeassociationassociateassociable; associativecalculationcalculatecalculable; calculating; calculatedembarrassmentembarrassembarrassing;embarrassedengagementengageengaged; engagingextension; extentextendextensive; extendedequalization;equalityequalize; equalequalintimacy/intimateinvolvementinvolveinvolvedsymbolization; symbolsymbolizesymbolic(al)threatthreatenthreatened; threatening 1) symbolize 2) involved 3) appreciates 4) extend 5) engaging 6) embarrassed 7) intimate 8) associations 9) equality 10) threatened5. 1) stretch out 2) vary with 3) associate with 4) drop in 5) comment on 6) fended off6.physical distance (身体距离)social space (社交空间)extreme situation (极端情境)safe distance (安全距离)personal space (私人空间)real-life situation (现实生活情境)long distance (长距离)limited space (有限空间)current situation (现状)walkingdistance (很近的距离)outer space (外层空间；宇宙空间)difficult situation (困境)travellingdistance (旅行距离)living space (生存空间)dangerous situation (危险的处境)openspace (露天场所)embarrassingsituation (尴尬的境地)parkingspace (停车位)financialsituation (财务状况) 1) physical distance 2) long distance 3) personal space 4) living space 5) current situation 6) walking distance 7) parking space 8) financial situation7.ABCompound nouns1) realroadreal estate2) feedquakefeedback3) checkheartcheck-in4) crossbackcrossroad5) softdatesoftware6) highlighthighlight7) earthestateearthquake8) sweetseeingsweetheart9) sightinsightseeing10) upwareupdate 1) check-in 2) feedback 3) update 4) sweetheart 5) crossroad 6) earthquake 7) highlight 8) real estate8.Reference translation1) 人和人之间的身体距离因其关系亲疏和地位高低而不同。2) 一个极端是“不可接触”，无论按照字面上的意思（如种姓制度里）还是通过保持空间距离，如贵族会觉得接近平民是件令人生厌的事情。3) 在一些社会当中，人们不太理会个人隐私、互不干扰以及不被人打扰的受保护的私密空间的需要。4) 人们之间的距离应该是近得可以显示你被吸引和积极参与，但又不至于近得侵入私人空间，让人尴尬。5) 因此，交友是一种平衡的行为，如同芭蕾或者其他舞蹈。9.Reference translation1) He is very rude in private, though in public he is usually very polite.2) Starvation is at one extreme of the spectrum of food intake; obesity is at the other extreme.3) It is in the company of a good friend that the heart finds a home.4) Although her father is in the firm, she got the job on her own.5) At the start of the project we were all full of passion but unfortunately weve lost a lot of our early enthusiasm.Text BReading Comprehension1.1) “The Vulcan Salute” is madeby splitting the hand down the middle holding the index and middle fingers together, the ring and pinky fingers together and then the thumb pressed firmly against the side of the hand. Itsymbolizes the Hebrew word for “Shaddai,” meaning “Almighty (God).”2) “The Shaka Sign” is made byfolding your three middle fingers down while holding out your thumb and pinky, then twisting your hand around. It can be interpreted as“Hello,” “Goodbye,” “Have a nice day,” “Take it easy,” “Good luck,” or, the most popular definition, “Hang loose.”3) “The Corna” is made whenonly the pinky and the index finger point up while the other fingers are held in the palm under the thumb.For fans of the University of Texas, the sign representsthe schools mascot, a Texas longhorn steer named Bevo, and his impressive 72 horns.4) To sayhello, the men wouldstick their hand straight up in the air, spread their fingers wide, and call out “Five!”Language in Use2. 1) claiming 2) represent 3) split 4) impressive 5) witness 6) commercials 7) twisted 8) origin 9) resemble 10) slapped3. 1) is known for 2) are known as 3) is known to 4) caught on 5) catch up with 6) catch at 7) hold out 8) hold on 9) held up 10) pull down 11) pull away 12) pull out4.Reference translation1) The guide told us that youre meant to take your shoes off when you enter a Hindu temple.2) Overuse of the exclamation mark could be interpreted as being pushy or trying to make a point.3) He has been good at drawing since he was a little boy and were sure hell become well known as an artist.4) Rules should be based on scientific research and the outcomes of investigations.5) The report shows that 80% of children are addicted to computer games.WritingExercise 11) General idea:The social space is partly symbolic and partly physical, and it can be observed in body distances.2) The two parts of the topic:untouchability; very little social and physical distance3) Similarity:Both of them represent body distance in social space.Difference:two extremes of body distance in social space4) Principle of classification:The range of body distance varies with the degree of intimacy and equality that is thought to exist in the relationship.Exercise 2SampleCollege Stress and Its SolutionsCollege life can be very stressful. However, much of the stress that we all experience can be helpful and stimulating, depending on how we take it. When we dont do well or fail in exams, we might lo