Focus On Earth Science.ppt

ChapterMenu Lesson1 LandformsLesson2 MineralsandRocksLesson3 Earth sInterior Clickonahyperlinktoviewthecorrespondinglesson landformuplifterosion 2 1Landforms Landforms ForcesinsideandoutsideEarthproduceEarth sdiverselandforms 2 1Landforms Landformsarefeaturessuchasmountains plateaus andplains Uplift IsanyprocessthatmovesthesurfaceofEarthtoahigherelevation Mountainsandplateausarearesultofuplift 2 1Landforms Earth sinternalenergyproducesuplift Earth sInterior ThermalenergyfromEarth sinteriormovestowardthesurfaceandcausesmatterintheinteriortomoveupward Whenmeltedrockmovestothesurface amountaincalledavolcanocanform 2 1Landforms LandformsShapedbySurfaceProcesses Earth sinternalenergypushesuptheland Surfaceprocessesweardowntheland 2 1Landforms Erosion Erosionisthewearingawayofsoilandrock Mosterosionisdonebywater 2 1Landforms CaliforniaLandforms YosemiteValleyNationalPark GlacierscarvedtheU shapedsurfaceofthevalley 2 1Landforms LassenVolcanicNationalPark FeaturesanactivevolcanoPartofCascadeMountainRangeShapedbyEarth sinternalforces Mt ShastaCone shapedvolcanoformedbysuddenuplift MountainsofCalifornia SierraNevadaandCostalRanges FormedbyplatetectonicforcesAreevidenceofslowuplift 2 1Landforms Valleys Somevalleysareflat nutrientrichlandlocatednexttomountainranges Somevalleysareextremelyimportanttoagriculture 2 1Landforms Beaches Aretemporaryfeatures RequireconstantsedimentdepositsfromriversWithoutriverscontinuouslyaddingmoresand beacheswoulddisappear 2 1Landforms Lesson1Review Erosioncanbeaccomplishedby AbeachesBvalleysCprecipitationDclouds 2 1Landforms ABCD Lesson1Review WhatisthesourceofenergyforEarth sweather AinternalheatBunevenheatingofEarth ssurfacebytheSunCupliftDmatterinEarth sinteriormovingupward 2 1Landforms ABCD Lesson1Review Valleysareespeciallyfertiledueto AtheirproximitytobeachesandtheoceanBloosedrockmaterialandsoilcarrieddownmountainsCtheirproximitytoconstantlyeruptingvolcanoesDabundantrainfallprovidedbytheirlocationnearbodiesofwater 2 1Landforms ABCD EndofLesson1 mineraldensityrockmagmalavasedimentrockcycle 2 2MineralsandRocks WhatisEarthMadeof Mineralsandrocksbreakdowntoformthesoil ThesolidpartofEarthismadeofmineralsandrocks 2 2MineralsandRocks Howcanmineralsbedefinedbytheirproperties Minerals Amineralisanaturallyoccurring generallyinorganicsolidthathasacrystalstructureandadefinitechemicalcomposition Around3 800differentmineralshavebeenidentified Mostmineralsarerare about30arecommon 2 2MineralsandRocks MineralIdentification MineralIdentifiers Naturallyoccurring Generallyinorganic canbeorganicMustbeasolidHasacrystalstructureHasadefinitechemicalcomposition 2 2MineralsandRocks MineralIdentifiers cont 2 2MineralsandRocks CrystalStructure Atomsarearrangedinanorderlyfashionandpossesrepeatingpatterns Thesmooth flatsurfaceofthecrystalrepresentsawell organizedinternalstructure 2 2MineralsandRocks DefiniteComposition Madeupofaspecificelement Theelementmustbeindefiniteproportions 2 2MineralsandRocks Quartz SiO2 showsyoutherearetwooxygenatomsforeverysiliconatominthequartz PhysicalProperties Propertiesareobservedormeasuredwithoutchangingidentityofmineral Needtotestforcombinationofpropertieswhenidentifyingspecificminerals 2 2MineralsandRocks Hardness Youcantestthehardnessofamineralbyobservinghoweasilyitisscratched 2 2MineralsandRocks ColorandStreak Amineral scolorcanhelpidentifyitbecausesomehavedistinctivecolors Streakisthecolorofpowderfromamineral Totestforstreak scratchthemineralacrossatileofunglazedporcelain Mineralmayhaveadistinctivestreakdespitetheoutercolordifference 2 2MineralsandRocks Luster Lusteristhewayamineralreflectslight Commonwordsusedtodescribelusterincludeearthy glassy greasy metallic shiny andsilky 2 2MineralsandRocks CrystalShape Everymineralhasuniquecrystalshape Large perfectcrystalsformundergroundwhilesmallimperfectcrystalsformontheEarth ssurface Adistinctshapeiscalledacrystalhabit 2 2MineralsandRocks CleavageandFracture Describesthewayamineralbreaks Ifamineralbreaksalongasmooth flatsurface itdisplayscleavage Ifamineralbreaksalongarough irregularsurface itdisplaysfracture 2 2MineralsandRocks Density Densityistheamountofmatterperunitvolume Metalshavehighdensitiescomparedtonon metals Usingdensity mineralscanbeidentified 2 2MineralsandRocks OtherProperties Magnetiteismagnetic WhenCalcitereactschemicallytoacids itfizzes Ifyoulookatanobjectthroughaclearcalcitecrystal youcanseetwoimagesoftheobject 2 2MineralsandRocks UsesofMinerals Valuedforbeauty UsedfortheirspecialpropertiesValuedfortheirrarenessValuedforindustrialpurposes 2 2MineralsandRocks Gems Aremineralspeoplecollectfortheirbeauty Haveintensecolor aglassyluster andare7 onthehardnessscale Examplesincludediamonds emeralds rubies sapphires 2 2MineralsandRocks Rocks Isanaturalsolidmixtureofparticles 2 2MineralsandRocks Mountains valleys andtheseaflooraremadeofrocks HowRocksAreClassified Aregroupedbasedonhowtheyformed igneousmetamorphicsedimentary Thereare3majorgroups 2 2MineralsandRocks IgneousRocks Igneousrocksareformedfrommagma Asthetemperatureofmagmadecreases crystalsofmineralsbegintoform LavaismagmaonthesurfaceoftheEarth 2 2MineralsandRocks MetamorphicRock Newrockformswhensolidrocksaresqueezed heated orexposedtofluids Originalrockiscalledtheparentrock Newrockmayhavedifferenttextureandmineralcompositionthantheparentrock 2 2MineralsandRocks SedimentaryRock Formedwhenrocksbreakdownintosmallerpiecesordissolveinwater Formedbywater ice wind andgravityOftenlayeredinnatureWeightofthematerialabovecreatesthecementedlayers 2 2MineralsandRocks TheRockCycle ForcesonEarth ssurfaceanddeepwithintheplanetsdrivethiscycle 2 2MineralsandRocks Itcantakethousandstomillionsofyearsforrockstogothroughtherockcycle TheRockCycle cont CirclesshowdifferentEarthmaterial 2 2MineralsandRocks Thearrowsrepresenttheprocessesthatchangethematerial TheRockCycle cont 2 2MineralsandRocks Lesson2Review WhichisNOTaphysicalpropertyusedtoidentifyminerals AhardnessBcolorCflammabilityDcleavage 2 2MineralsandRocks ABCD Lesson2Review Whichtypeofrockisformedatthehighesttemperature AsedimentaryBmetamorphicCigneousDsandstone 2 2MineralsandRocks ABCD Lesson2Review Inordertobeclassifiedamineral itmust AoccuronthesurfaceoftheEarthBbeinagaseousformCoccurnaturallyandpossessadefinitechemicalcompositionDbeorganic 2 2MineralsandRocks ABCD EndofLesson2 2 3Earth sInterior crustmantleasthenospherelithospherecore LayersandSeismicWaves Earth sinteriorhasalayeredstructure Earthquakesproduceseismicwaves ThespeedanddirectionoftheseismicwaveschangeinrelationtothepropertyandmaterialchangesintheEarth 2 3Earth sInterior Crust Isthethin rockyouterlayerofEarth Oceancrustisthinanddensecomparedtocontinentalcrust 2 3Earth sInterior Mantle LiesbelowthecrustandisthethickmiddlelayerofEarth sinterior Madeofperidotite isbrittle andcontainsalotofoxygen silicon magnesiumandironMantlerockisdenserthanthecrust 2 3Earth sInterior Asthenosphere Lies100kmto250kmbelowthesurface Veryhotlayerthatallowsforsmallbitsofrocktomeltandcausestherocktoflowveryslowly afewcmayear 2 3Earth sInterior Lithosphere Isthebrittle outerlayerofEarthformedbythecrustanduppermostmantle 2 3Earth sInterior Core IsthedensemetalliccenterofEarth OuterlayerismoltenmetalduetoextremelyhightemperatureInnerlayerissolidduetoextremelyhighpressure 2 3Earth sInterior Core cont Convection Isthemovementofthermalenergyinafluid TransfersthermalenergyintheoutercoreandmantleConvectioninthemantleisimportantforplatetectonics 2 3Earth sInterior Density Dependsonindividualcomposition pressure andtemperature Mantleandcrustrockarelessdensethanthecorematerial thereforethemetalliccorematerialsinkstothecenteroftheEarth Aspressureincreases densityincreases Asdensitydecreases temperatureincreases 2 3Earth sInterior Earth sMagneticField Producedbyconvectionintheoutercore AstheEarthspinsonitsaxis convectioncurrentsofmoltenironproduceamagneticfieldaroundtheplanet 2 3Earth sInterior Lesson3Review TheEarth scrustis AthinandrockyBmoredensethanthelayerbelowCmadeofoceanic theleastdense andcontinental themostdense rocksDmostlymadeofsedimentaryrocks 2 3Earth sInterior ABCD Lesson3Review ThecoreoftheEarth AismadeupoftwolayersBhastemperatureeffectsthatoutweighpressureeffectsintheinnercoreChaspressureeffectsthatoutweightemperatureeffectsintheoutercoreDismadeupmostlyofoxygenandnitrogengases 2 3Earth sInterior ABCD Lesson3Review Whatistherelationshipbetweenpressureanddensityinasolid Aaspressuredecreases densityincreasesBaspressureincreases densityincreasesCaspressuredecreases densitytriplesDthereisnorelationship 2 3Earth sInterior abcd EndofLesson3 ChapterResourcesMenu Clickonahyperlinktoviewthecorrespondingfeature ChapterAssessmentCaliforniaStandardsPracticeConceptsinMotionImageBankScienceOnlineInteractiveTableVirtualLabBrainPOP TheSierraNevadaRangeisanexampleof AavolcanoBavalleyCslowupliftDsuddenuplift ChapterAssessment1 ABCD Anexampleofalowdensitymineralis AbasaltBolivineCmagnetiteDquartz ChapterAssessment2 ABCD Crystalstructurepropertiesmustinclude Aatomsarrangedinanorderly repeatingpatternBahardnessof7 CadefinitestreakcolorDonlyonecolorpermineral ChapterAssessment3 ABCD Amineralhascleavageifit AreflectslightBhasadistinctshapecalledacrystalhabitCbreaksalongasmooth flatsurfaceDbreaksalongarough irregularsurface ChapterAssessment4 ABCD Metamorphicr