高中英语语法系列动词不定式.doc

Grammar: 动词不定式(Infinitive) 动词不定式的形式是to+v.,没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，它可以有自己的宾语，也可以被状语修饰，不定式和它自己的宾语或状语组成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语，但不能充当谓语。 I.基本用法1.作主语 To learn English well isnt easy. 【注意】a.由于主语过长，所以常用it作形式主语。It isnt easy to learn English well. b.不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To tell lies is a bad habit . 2.作表语 My greatest wish is to be a pilot . . My idea is to plant some flowers in our garden. 3.作宾语 He offered to help me with my written English . He pretended not to notice the sign “ No Smoking .” 4.作宾语补足语 Ive got a bad cold. The doctor advised me to have a rest. 【注意】使役动词make , let , have , 和感官动词 see , hear , notice , find , watch , feel 接宾补时to要省掉；但变为被动时要加上to . The boss made the boy work for him all day long . The boy was made to work for him all day long . I noticed the boy walk out of the room . The boy was noticed to walk out of the room . 5.作定语 He is a man to get on well with . I have no chair to sit on . 6.作状语 He woke up only to find every body gone. He made up his mind to work harder so as to catch up with the others in his class. II.不定式的时态和语态概念形式用法一般式to do 表该动作与主句动作同时发生或将发生进行式to be doing表该动作正在发生完成式to have done表该动作先于主句动作发生被动式to be done表该动作是逻辑主语的承受者完成被动式to have been done表该被动的动作先于主句动作发生例：1. I plan to go camping with my cousin this weekend.2. They seemed to be having a heated discussion.3. He is said to have been to Europe twice.4.The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing.5. This book is said to have been translated into five languages.III不定式的逻辑主语1. 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中。2. 句子的主语，宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语。3. 不定式前“for+名词/代词”结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的逻辑主语。4. 在“It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do”结构中，名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语。该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质。例如：kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等。Its very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.IV. 不定式的否定式不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成The doctor warned him never to drink any more.He spent much time on English so as not to miss the chance.V.实战演练 1.The patient was warned oily food after the operation .(96) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3.Robert is said abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in . (99)A. to study B. to have studied C. to be studying D . to have been studying 3.Ill be away on a business trip . Would you mind looking after my cat ? (95) Not at all . .A. Ive no time B. Id rather not B. C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him .(95) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 5.Paul doesnt have to be made , he always works hard .(95) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6.We agreed here but so far she hasnt turned up yet . (95) A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 7.Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls ? Yes . They have better players , so I them to win . A. hope B. expect C. prefer D. want 8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , it more difficult . A. not make B. not making C. not to make D. do not make 9. (NMET94) Rather than on a crowded bus , he always prefers a bicycle . A. ride , ride B. riding , ride C. ride , to ride D. to ride , riding10. (90) Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job . A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 11、This room is usedfood. Ato storeBstoringCto storingDstored12. They knew her very well. They had seen herup from childhood. AgrowBgrewCwas growingDto grow13.The murderer was brought in, with his handsbehind. Abeing tiedBhaving tiedCto be tied Dtied14.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. AboughtBbuyingCto buyDbuy15.I can hardly imagine Peteracross the Atlantic Ocean in five days. AsailBto sailCsailingDto have sailed16.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes. AopenBto be opened Cto openDopening17.Charles Babbage is generally consideredthe first computer. Ato have inventedBinventing Cto inventDhaving invented18.We saw the bird flap its wings and away. AflyBfliedCflewDflying19.The foreigner seemedhis way. Ato be losingBto have missed Cto have lostDmissed20.Because of air pollution, this city is no longer. Aa good place to live inBa good place for living in Ca good place to liveDa good place to be lived in 21._at the door before entering please . A . Knocked B . To knock C .Knocking D. Knock 22.She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B cleaning C .cleaned D. being cleaned 23.She look forward every spring to _the flower-lined garden.