高考英语非谓语动词考点讲析教案.doc

本资料来源于大家网高考英语论坛/forum-136-1.html高考英语非谓语动词考点讲析教案一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明高考资源网显的先后关系的完成)；从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 分析：答案选 C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。2. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated分析：答案选 C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式；若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：1. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well_. A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending分析：答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系，所以用过去分词。2. The prize of the game show is30000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 分析：答案选B。因all expenses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的an 不是修饰 expenses，而是修饰vacation。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 3. When _help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “Its kind of you.” A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered分析：答案选 D。因一个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，When offered help =When he is offered help三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：1. The storm left, _a lot of damage to this area. A. causedB. to have causedC. to cause D. having caused分析：答案选D。因The storm与cause是主动关系，排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A. takingB. takenC. having taken D. having been taken分析：答案选 A。因people与take advantage of是主动关系，排除选项B和D；take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：1. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _away. A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran分析：答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。2. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to noteD. having noted分析：答案选 A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 3. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. hadB. haveC. to haveD. having分析：答案选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。五、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.” A. having gotB. to getC. gettingD. get分析：答案选 B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。2. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. A. To find outB. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out分析：答案选 A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _a look at the sports stars. A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have分析：答案选 C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语1. 用现在分词表结果。如：He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching分析：答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。2. 用不定式表结果。如：He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found分析：答案选 A。因为only to do是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on分析：答案选A。作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词，排除选项B和C；与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项D。2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _often enough A. explainingB. to explainC. explainD. explained 分析：答案选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth done意为“请人做某事”。八、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：While watching television, _. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings分析：答案选C。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B；又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。九、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having分析：答案选D。动名词短语用作主语。十、考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命题的热点。如：1. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing分析：答案选 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in，题中没有oneself, 所以the two students与lose是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语。2. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 分析：答案选 A。由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressed in =As he is dressed in 十一、非谓语动词的综合考查有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：1. I dont want_like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded分析：答案选 A。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除选项C；sound like中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除选项B；sound 发生在want后，故不用完成式，排除选项D。2. “Is Bob still performing?” “Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.” w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left分析：答案选 A。因he与leave是主动关系，不用被动式，排除选项C和D；由already可知，要用完成式。非谓语动解析：1. Anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying此题答案选B，anyone seen carrying bags为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。2. Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could _ more money.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made此题容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 make。其实正确答案应是B，此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Now everyone here was working hard and doing what they could do to make more money，即句中的不定式短to make more money是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) My parents did what they could _ my aunt and uncle.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped(2) He read what he could _ his knowledge.A. widenB. to widenC. wideningD. widened以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，也会麻烦。为此，请再看两题：(3) He ran as fast as he could _to catch the bus.A. hopeB. to hopeC. hopingD. hoped 此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上早班车。但是，如果选B，将 to hope to catch the bus 视为目的状语行不行呢？不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，换句话说，将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选 hoping：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m He studied as hard as he could _ to enter a good college.A. hopeB. to hopeC. hopingD. hoped (4) He spent every minute he could _ foreign languages.A. studyB. to studyC. studyingD. studied此题也应选C，但是，它与上题选现在分词 hoping 表伴随有所不同，此题的 studying 其实与其前的动词 spend 有关，即套用的是“spend + 时间或金钱 + (in) doing sth”这一句型。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for sports.A. devoted to doB. devoted to doingC. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下： (1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用于 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D中的is 改为 being也可以。4. “What made her struggle _ an artist so hard?” “_ she was a woman.”A. became, 不填B. to become, 不填 C. become, That D. to become, That此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填 become(不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词 made。其实，此题应选D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主语，made 是谓语，her struggle to become an artist 是宾语 (其中的不定式 to become an artist 是修饰her struggle 的定语)，so hard 是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将 her struggle 看作宾语，而将 become an artist 看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引导主语从句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.5. I found I could easily make myself _ by using sign language. A. understoodB. understand C. to understand D. being understood答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make + 名词或代词 + 动词原形”这一结构。但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself 与动词 understand 显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。又如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m (1) As a teacher, you should make yourself _.A. respectB. respectingC. respectedD. to respect(2) He spoke loudly so as to make his voice _.A. hearB. hearingC. heardD. to hear(3) Do you know what made her so _?A. frightenB. frighteningC. frightenedD. to frighten答案均选C，即用过去分词表示被动意义（其中 frightened 为过去分词转化来的形容词）。6. Once your business becomes international,_constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flightD. flying最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。 但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。7. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to doB. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能用动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事object to doing sth反对做某事stick to doing sth 坚持做某事w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m get down to doing sth 开始做某事take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事admit to doing 承认做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样8. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type 此题容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。其实，最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。1. _ the road round to the right, youll find his house. A. FollowB. FollowingC. To followD. Followed【分析】此题应选B，现在分词短语表条件(注意句中没有并列连词)。2. _ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. FollowB. Following C. To followD. Followed【分析】此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗？w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 1. _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. DrinkB. To drinkC. DrinkingD. Having drunk2. _ me, and dont just stand there laughing. A. AnswerB. To answerC. AnsweringD. To be answering3. _ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. WatchB. Watching C. To watchD. Have watched4. _ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. LookB. Looking C. To lookD. Having looked5. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. LeaveB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. When left 【分析】以上各题答案均选A，因为各题句中均有一个并列连词 and，即填空句为祈使句。注意，有时可能不用连词，而用破折号，如以下两题答案均选B，填空句也为祈使句：1. _ down the radio the babys asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. TurnC. TurnedD. To turn 2. _ some of this juice perhaps you will like it.A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Having tried请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗？答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D？ 1. _ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. GiveB. To giveC. GivingD. Given2. _ left when you get to the end of the street. A. KeepB. KeepingC. To keepD. Kept3. _ your hand over your mouth when you cough. A. PutB. PuttingC. To putD. To be putting4. _ until the lights have turned to green. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m A. WaitB. To waitC. WaitingD. Having waited5. _the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.A. JoinB. To joinC. JoiningD. Joined【分析】以上各题答案均选A，原因是每句中均包括有从属连词(如 when, before, until 等)，即整个句子为一个主从复合句，而填空句仍为祈使句。套用以上分析，请你做做以下试题：1. Dont give me a long account, just _ me the plain facts. A. tellB. tellingC. to tellD. to be telling2. First _ the rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cookB. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cookD. prepare, cooking3. Dont waste your money on silly t