A Fable for Tomorrow.ppt

Unit15AFableforTomorrow 主讲人 段风丽 Backgroundknowledge TheAuthor RachelCarson 1907 1964 RachelCarsonwasborninasmallruralPennsylvaniacommunityneartheAlleghenyRiver whereshespentagreatdealoftimeexploringtheforestsandstreamsaroundher65 acrefarm Asayoungchild Carson sconsumingpassionswerethenaturesurroundingherhillsidehomeandherwriting Shewasfirst published attheageof10inachildren smagazinededicatedtotheworkofyoungwriters OtheryoungsterswhofirstsawtheirwordsinprintinSt NicholasincludedWilliamFaulknerandF ScottFitzgerald BackgroundKnowledge In1925CarsonenteredPennsylvaniaCollegeforWomenasanEnglishmajordeterminedtobecomeawriter Midwayintoherstudies however sheswitchedtobiology UpongraduationfromPennsylvaniaCollege CarsonwasawardedascholarshiptocompletehergraduateworkinbiologyatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore anenormousaccomplishmentforawomanin1929 Carson sdistinctioninbothwritingandbiologywonherapart timepositionwiththeU S BureauofFisheriesin1935whereshewasaskedtocreateaseriesofseven minuteradioprogramsonmarinelifecalled RomanceUnderheWaters BackgroundKnowledge Meantime shecontinuedtosubmitwritingsonconservationandnaturetonewspapersandmagazines urgingfromtheverybeginningtheneedtoregulatethe forcesofdestruction andconsideralwaysthewelfareofthe fishaswellasthatofthefisherman In1943 CarsonwaspromotedtothepositionofaquaticbiologistinthenewlycreatedU S FishandWildlifeService wheresheauthoredmanybulletinsdirectedattheAmericanpublic Oneseries knownas ConservationinAction wasdevotedtoexploringwildlifeandecologyonnationalwildliferefugesinlaymen sterms Anotherserieswasentitled FoodfromtheSea andofferedinformationontheproperpreparationaswellastheadvantagesofadietincludingfishandshellfishtoapublicunusedtoeatingfreshwaterfish Carsonwasmovedtothepositionofassistanteditorandtheneditor in chiefofallFishandWildlifeServicepublications BackgroundKnowledge Carson sfirstbook UndertheSea Wind publishedin1941 highlightedheruniqueabilitytopresentdeeplyintricatescientificmaterialinclearpoeticlanguagethatcouldcaptivateherreadersandpiquetheirinterestinthenaturalworld In1951 RachelCarsonbeganworkingonanotherbook TheSeaAroundUs Itbecameherfirstbest sellingbookandwontheNationalBookAward In1952 RachelCarsonwasabletoleaveherjobattheFishandWildlifeServiceandspendhertimewriting Hernextbook TheEdgeoftheSea waspublishedin1955 Ittoldoftheconnectionofalllivingcreaturesinareaswherelandandoceanmeet BackgroundKnowlege RachelCarson smostfamousbook SilentSpring waspublishedin1962 Theideaforthebookdevelopedfromasuggestionfromafriend Rachel sfriendownedaprotectedareaforbirds Anairplanehadflownovertheareawherethebirds werekeptandspreadapowerfulchemicalcalledDDT Itwaspartofaprojecttocontrolmosquitoes ManysongbirdsandharmlessinsectswerekilledbytheDDT RachelCarsonandotherscientistswereveryconcernedabouttheharmfuleffectsofDDTandotherinsect killingchemicalscalledpesticides AfterWorldWarTwo thesepoisonouschemicalswerewidelyusedtocontrolinsects Pesticidesweresprayedalmosteverywhereincludingagriculturalfieldsandcommunities DDTandotherpesticideshadbecome BackgroundKnowledge popularwiththepublicandthegovernmentbecausetheyweresoeffective Manufacturingthesechemicalshadbecomeahugeindustry InherbookSilentSpring RachelCarsonquestionedtherightofindustrialcompaniestopollutewithoutconsideringtheeffectsontheenvironment Shearguedthatthiskindofpollutionwouldresultinever decreasingpopulationsofbirdsandotherwildlife Shesaidthiswouldleadtothelossofthewonderfulsoundsofnature Thechemicalpoisoningoftheenvironment shesaid wouldcauseasilentspring RachelCarsondidnotlivetoseehowherbookinfluencedthegovernment sdecisiontobanDDT Shediedofbreastcancerin1964 Shewasfifty sixyearsold BackgroundKnowledge ChaptersofSilentSpring AFablefortomorrowTheobligationtoendureElixirsofdeathSurfacewatersandundergroundseasRealmsofthesoilEarth sgreenmantleNeedlesshavocAndnobirdssingRiversofdeathIndiscriminatelyfromtheskiesBeyondthedreamsoftheborgiasThehumanPrideThroughanarrowwindowOneinEveryFourNatureFightsBackTheRumblingsofanavalancheTheotherroad 1 明天的寓言2 忍耐的义务3 死神的特效药4 地表水和地下海5 土壤的王国6 地球的绿色斗篷7 不必要的大破坏8 再也没有鸟儿歌唱9 死亡的河流10 自天而降的灾难11 超过了波尔基业家族的梦想12 人类的代价13 通过一扇狭小的窗户14 每四个中有一个15 大自然在反抗16 崩溃声隆隆17 另外的道路 BackgroundKnowledge TwomemorialshonorRachelCarson 1 RachelCarsonNationalWildlifeRefugeinMaine 2 RachelCarsonHomesteadinSpringdale Pennsylvania thehomeshelivedinwhenshewasachild Educationprogramsareofferedtherethatteachchildrenandadultsaboutherenvironmentalvalues RachelCarson svoiceisaliveinherwritingsthatexpressthewonderandbeautyofthenaturalworld Andherworldwideinfluencecontinuesthroughtheactivitiesoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementshestarted TypeofReadingOne Asindicatedbythetitle thepassageiswrittenintheformofafable Afableisabrieftale eitherinproseorinverse dealingwithfundamentalthingsinlife oftentoldtoteachamorallesson Peopleoranimalsaswellasinanimateobjectscanbethecentralfigures Thesubjectmatterofafablehastodowithsupernaturalandunusualincidentsandoftendrawsitsoriginfromfolklore WritingStyleandStructureofReadingOne Thispassageisuniqueinitspresentationofthesubjectmatterandinitswritingstyleinthefabletradition Thewriter sstrategyistoavoididentifyingtherealsubjectmatteratthebeginning Herpurposeisnotjusttoinformbuttoconvincethereaderoftheseriouseffectsofpollutionresultingfromthemassiveandindiscriminateuseoffertilizersandpesticides aproblemwhichmostAmericanswereignorantofuntilCarsongavethiswarning Thewritercreatesamysterydeliberatelyandtherebyarousesthereader sconcernaswellascuriosity WritingStyleandStructureofReadingOne Theopeningsentenceisanechoofatypicalfablewhichusuallybeginswith Therewasoncea Thelanguageisvivid colourfulanddescriptive Thereadercaneasilyvisualizethebeautyofthelandandtheuglinessofthelifelesscommunitybeforeandafterthestrangeblight Therearelyricaltouchesinsomeplaceswiththerhythmofpoetry Examples Thesetoo weresilent desertedbyalllivingthings Eventhestreamswerenowlifeless Anglersnolongervisitedthem forhaddied WritingStyleandStructureofReadingOne 2 TheOutlineofReadingOne Thecontentofthewholepassageisorganizedinapatterofcomparisonandcontrast 1 Paras 1 2Thewriterunfoldsbeforethereaderapoeticpictureofalandofbeauty ofplentyandofprosperitybeforetheuseofinsecticides Paras 3 6Thewriterpresentsthereaderanotherpicture apictureofhowthelandofmilkandhoneyhasbecomeuglyandbarrenaftertheuseofchemicalfertilizers WritingStyleandStructureofReadingOne Paras 7 8Thewritersetsoutthecauseofallthesechangesandputstheresponsibilitywhereitbelongs onmanhimself Paras 9Thewritergivesusthegravewarninginfableform Inotherwords themoralis Agrimspectrehascreptuponusalmostunnoticed Itishightimethatmantookactiontoavertthedisaster Questions Whatisafable Canyoutellusoneofthefablesyouhavereadorheard Whatdoesthetitle AFableforTomorrow suggesttoyou 3 Listallthepossibleproblemsfacingusinthefuture Whichoneareyoumostconcernedabout DetailedStudyofReadingOne LanguagePoints 1 1 Thetownlayinthemidstofacheckerboardofprosperousfarms line2 inthemidstof litorolduse themiddlepartorpositionacheckerboardof 纵横交错的 阡陌纵横的 eg acheckerboardofcultivatedfieldscheckerboardcanbeusedasaverb eg Canalscheckerboardthecountrysideonbothsidesofthedam DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 2 Inautumn oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolourthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackdropofpines flamecanbeusedasaverb eg Thefireplaceflamedtheoppositewall Therisingsunflamedtheeasternsky ablazeofeg Ablazeofglory一阵荣华intheblazeofpublicity在公众瞩目之下theblazeofday白昼的光辉inablazeoffury狂怒之下Therestaurantwasablazeoflightandcolor 饭店灯火通明 五彩缤纷 DetailedStudyofReadingOne setupa Ifyousetsomethingup youmakethepreparationsthatarenecessaryforittostart eg Thegovernmentweresettingupaninquiryintotheaffair b Ifyousetupastructure youplaceitorbuilditsomewhere c Ifyousetuphomeorsetuphouse youbuyahouseorflatadstartlivinginit d Ifsomethingsetsupaprocessorseriesofevents itcausesittobegin eg Itmaybecomepossibletosetupanuclearchainreaction e Ifyousetupsomewhere youestablishyourselfinanewhomeorbusiness eg Sheleftherparent shomeandsetuponherown DetailedStudyofReadingOne set up set upsAparticularset upisaparticularsystemorwayoforganizingsomething eg I veonlybeenhereacoupleofdaysandIdon tquiteknowtheset up backdroptheconditionsexistingwhensomethinghappensorhappened eg Indochinaisthebackdropforthisstory Theeventsofthe1930 sprovidedthebackdropforthemovie DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 3 Thenfoxesbarkedinthehillsanddeersilentlycrossedthefields halfhiddeninthemistsoftheautumnmornings mist cloudsofverysmalldropsofwaterfloatingintheair nearorreachingtotheground thinfog eg Themountaintopwascoveredinmist Thewindowsmistedup Thesunhunglowoverthemistedtrees 太阳低悬在薄雾笼罩的树梢之上 Amistofprejudicespoiledhisjudgment 偏见的迷雾减弱了他的判断能力 Theoriginofthecustomislostinthemistsoftime 形成这种习俗的原因已湮没在时间的迷雾中 eyesmistedwithtears DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 4 Alongtheroads laurel viburnumandalder greatfernsandwildflowers delightedthetraveller seyethroughmuchoftheyear delightedone seye使 赏心悦目viburnum DetailedStudyofReadingOne alderlaurel DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 5 Otherscametofishthestream whichflowedclearandcoldoutofthehillsandcontainedshadypoolswheretroutlay fishAllisfishthatcomestohis ormy your net aloosefishasmuteasafishcrystinkingfishFishbeginstorotfromthehead DetailedStudyofReadingOne fishlikeafishoutofwaterhaveother orbigger fishtofryNeveroffertoteachfishtoswimThebestfishsmellwhentheyarethreedaysoldThebestfishswim orare nearthebottom There sasgoodfishintheseaasevercameoutofit Makefishofoneandflesh orfowl ofanotherFishorcutbait DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 6 Soithadbeenfromthedaysmanyyearsagowhenthefirstsettlersraisedtheirhoused sanktheirwellsandbuilttheirbarns Parallelisma Whenasentencecontainstwoormorepartsofthesameformandgrammaticalfunction itisonewithparallelconstructions Parallelsentencesareemphaticandforceful b Whenasentencecontainstwoparallelclausessimilarinstructurebtcontrastedinmeaning itisabalancedsentence Balancesentencesareimpressivebecauseofthecontrast andpleasingtohearbecauseoftherhythm eg Onhearingthenews hewasangered andIwassaddened DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 7 Thenastrangeblightcreptovertheareaandeverythingbegantochange blightBlightisaplantdiseasesthatdestroys withersandpreventsthegrowthofplantlife Thefollowingisalostofwordsthewriterusedtorepeatthekeyidea blight evilspellmuchillnessmysteriousmaladiesnewkindsofsicknesssickenedanddiedsuddenandunexplaineddeathashadowofdeathwouldbestrickensuddenly DetailedStudyofReadingOne 1 8 Someevilsp