航海英语听力与会话第三版-三副精选.doc

航海英语听力与会话第三版-三副精选口述部分Charter 51.Describe the duties of watch-keeping when underway. When you are on watch-keeping, you will be responsible to the master for the proper performance of his assigned bridge watchstanding and navigational duties. When the ship is underway ,the chief officer will be on duty during 4 to 8 and 16-20; the second officer will be on duty during 0-4 and 12-16; the third officer will be on duty during 8-12 and 20-24. At each watch, the officers on watch should check the ships positions at least 4 times, change the steering gear from auto-pilot to manual-pilot 1time. They also check ships course, speed, and the weather condition, navigational equipments conditions. The officers dutys spot is at the bridge, they should keep sharp look-out at all time. They can do nothing expect look-out and take proper avoiding actions. Usually they should patrol the whole ship once a watch at night for avoid fire or other unnormal things happened.*2. Describe the bridge shift change. Shifting change is very important for the safety of a ship. When an officer goes to the bridge for taking over for duty, he must know the present course, speed, position, and must be informed the situation of other vessels which are near. The relieving officer should go to the bridge 15 minutes advance. Firstly, he should get habit to the sighting, especially in the night. Secondly , he should ask the relieved officer something, such as ships course, speed, position. Thirdly , he should go into the chart room to check the conditions. At night he should read and sign the night order. The change of conn must be clearly stated and logged including the actual time that it took place. The relieving officer must sign the night order book to indicate understanding of the masters orders.*3. Describe the differences between navigating in a narrow channel and in traffic separation scheme. If you are a driven power vessel and you are proceeding along the course of a narrow channel, you shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel which lies on your starboard side as is safe and practicable. You shall avoid cross a channel and anchor in a channel. If you are a driven power vessel and you are using a traffic separation scheme, you shall proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane You shall avoid cross lane and anchor in lane, traffic line or separation zone. In traffic separation scheme, there are traffic line or separation zone, but in narrow channel not.*4. Describe advantage various tools or technologies for proper lookout. Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision, The features of radar observation are as follows: (1) limitations of the radar equipment, small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not by detected by radar at an adequate range; (2) imposed by the radar range scale in use; Weather and other sources of interference; (3) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity. The advantages of visual lookout are as follows: (1) It is the based means of looking out; (2) the situation can be readily apparent, and so on. There are many tools and technologies to be used in look-out, for example, when you use a radar, you should switch the radar standby first, then you should proper adjust it ,include range, tuning, gain, contrast, anti-clutter sea, anti-clutter rain. You can detected the bearing and distance of a object with radar.*5. Describe the preparation to be done by the responsibility of prior to arrival. The chief officer is the head of the deck department. He is assisted by a second officer, a third officer, a bosun, a carpenter, and some AB. The chief is responsible for caring cargo , for example, making stowage planning, holds preparation, loading, stowage, discharging. The second officer is responsible for watch pertaining to navigation publications and equipment. The third officer is responsible for watch duties pertaining to fire-fighting appliances and life-saving appliances and maintenance. The are all assigned to bridge to be proper performance watchstanding and navigational duties. The chief officer is responsible to the master for the operation , administration , and supervision of the deck department The chief officer, carpenter and 2-3 AB are assigned to the fore station. And the some time, the second, bosun and 2-3 AB are assigned to the aft station. They should prepare to mast fast lines. The third is at the bridge , his duty is to carry out the captains or pilots order-Charter81. Describe fire precaution on board. The third officer is in charge of fire-fighting equipments and life-saving equipments. In order to ensure the fire-fighting equipments can be used in the time when the vessel is on fire, the third officer should check the fire equipments on board regularly. For example, to check the co2 extinguishers by weighting. The procedures of a fire drill is as follows: (1) sound fire alarm ; (2) crew connecting at the station.; (3) the chief officer numbers the crew and ask someone what is his duties on a fire-fighting; (4) to drill how to use some of the extinguisher ; (5) summary the fire dill; (6) cancel the alarm, *2. Describe damage control on board. Vessels may be making water after collision, ground or other marines accident. The third officer should check damaged control equipments regularly. He should check water-proof blanket, blocking mats, blocking planks, blocking cases, blocking screws and other damage control. After a vessel is damaged and is making water, the conditions of damaged and the position of damaged must be investigated immediately. Then estimating the threaten which is caused by the damaged. According to the fact , taking proper activities to control flooding and pump out flooding-water. The distinct kinds of control making water should be taken to relate different damaged position, e.g. below water line and above water line. *3. Describe the measures taken on board if aground. When a ship is being aground , it may be to list, or trim. According to the different situations, you can decide where is being aground. If your vessel is aground, I advice you to take actions as follows: (1) de-ballast or jettison cargo, it can make your vessel re-float by reducing its displacement; (2) require tugs assistance, tugs can pull or push your vessel from the shallow to deep water; (3) waiting the tide, the depth of water will raise when the tide is rising, so your vessel may re-float. (4) shifting cargoes or liquid, adjusting vessels list, trim, to make the vessels grounded part clear of the bottom, and then you will be re-float. When you pay to re-float your vessel, you should take some special attention, the first thing is to decide where is ground and the situation. The second is to decide that the vessel is making water or not.*4. Describe the measures taken on board if on fire. Switch on fire alarm immediately while finding fire. The fire alarm is belling for one minute, and one long blast is indicating fore; two long blasts is indicating aft; three long blasts is indicating middle, or bridge; four long blasts is indicating the engine room. After the fire has been extinguished, crew should check the fire area every 10 minutes for avoiding the fire re-ignition , sent men for keeping and report. After making sure the fire is not re-ignition, the crew can cancel the fire alarm, and the chief officer should enter the event into the log-book. You should foam extinguisher to fighting an oil-fire, dry power extinguishers to fighting an electric fire. The carbon dioxide extinguisher will be caused the least damaged in fire-fighting.-第1章口述题1. Please say something about your hometown.My hometown is in JIANGSU(江苏), the south of CHANGJIANG（长江）river of China. The population in my hometown is about 500,000. There are many rivers in my hometown. The environment of my hometown is very beautiful .The people of my hometown are kind-hearted. E.g. sometimes they will invite a new friend to their home to have dinner with their families. There many specialties in my hometown,for example,the silk from Suzhou,Biluochun Tea,and so on.*2. Please say something about yourself.My name is , I am years old. I come from FJ(福建) province of China. Now I am a senior student in Xiamen Jimei University. My hobbies are playing cards and listening music. Because I am a student ,so my main task is study.In my spare , I play cards and listen music, sometimes I play football or basketball.*3. Please say something about your family. My father is a worker，my mother is a teacher and I am a student. My father likes to play cards and my mother likes to listen music. Both of my parents are kindly.*4. Your favorite port you have called at.My favorite port I have called at is Shanghai. Shanghai port is the largest port in our country and Shanghai is a beautiful city. The NangJing road is widely, there are many shops. If you call the port, I think, you will go to Out Shore（上海外滩）. At the Out Shore, you can look the WangPU river and visit WangPu park. *5. Please say something about your responsibilities on board.I am the third officer working in the deck department. As we know, the third officer is responsible to the master for the proper performance of his assigned bridge watch-standing and navigational duties.On board, my first daily work is watch-keeping from 8 to 12 and from 20 to 24. my second daily work is in charge of the maintance of the fire-fighting equipment and life-saving equipment. The third , I am also responsible for fire and boat drills, I have to design a muster list and make crew to know the best escape route clearly. -Charter 31. Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor? As an officer on watch at anchor, he should check the anchor position regularly; he should keep proper look-out too. In case , if the watch officer finds the ship is dragging anckor, he must drop another anchor or slack away chains and notify the captain as soon as possible. When the ship is at anchor, the officer on watch should keep sharp look out at all time.*2. Describe the proper way of using VHF When you operate VHF, you should comply with the radio regulations. If you want to speak, you should push the button, and if you want to listen, you should release the button. The general rules of using VHF are as follows: (1) calling on channel 16 for the purpose other than distress urgency and very brief safety communication; (2) communication not related to safety and navigation on port operation channels and non-essential transmissions will never been permitted to broadcasted on channel 16; (3) the important messages should be repeated; (4) the first 3 should be listening every half an hour.*3. Describe the procedures before arrival at a port. At the bridge, the OOW should turn on the radar and notify the captain. The quartermaster should change the auto pilot to manual pilot under the officers command. To communicate with the port by VHF and report the ships ETA, if needs , require a pilot. The engine room should stand by the main engine under the bridge order, check the bridge telegraph and rudder indicator with the bridge. The deck hands should prepare pilot ladder, open the hatch covers, standby anchor and fore and aft.-Charter 41. Describe the procedures of carrying dangerous cargo on board.What name, IMO-Class ,package of the dangerous cargoes are. These also should be noticed to stevedores. The chief officer should make a stowage plan according to the IMDG. Before loading or discharging dangerous cargoes, the officers should tell stevedores how to stow or leave the cargoes, where they are stowed and how to segregation them. Hoisted letter B flag and approved by the harbor master. Near the spot ,notice NO SMOKING. When a vessel carrying dangerous cargoes, the carrier should take care of the dangerous cargoes. To control the temperature and ventilation during the voyage.*2. Describe the precaution before entering an enclosed space. The potential dangers in an enclosed space are lack of oxide and having dangerous gas. The person who enters an enclosed space may loss his life or cause poison or other dangers. When you want to enter an enclosed space, the first you should ventilate the space, the second you should notice chief officer or others, the third you should test the mount of the oxide and dangerous gas in the enclosed space. If any doubt, you should put on self-breath appliances. The important precautions are ventilation, another crew standby.*3. Describe the procedures of cargo stowage. What name, IMO-Class ,package of the dangerous cargoes are. These also should be noticed to stevedores. The chief officer also ask how many tons of dangerous cargoes will be carried. Before loading or discharging dangerous cargoes, the officers should tell stevedores how to stow or leave the cargoes, where they are stowed and how to segregation them. Hoisted letter B flag and approved by the harbor master. Near the spot ,notice NO SMOKING. The carrier should take care of the dangerous cargoes. To control the temperature and ventilate during the voyage. When a vessel carrying dangerous cargoes, The chief officer should make a stowage plan according to the IMDG. If any modification of stowage plan, this must be noticed to the chief officer and be approved by the chief officer.*4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board. The initial response in case of an oil spill is sent oil spilling signal , notice the termination not to pump oil. According to the SOREP, the first step is stop pump oil, then close the valves and all deck drainages. The third is to handle the spilling oil with absorbent materials or other means. To stop pump oil is an important matter. To close the valves and all deck drainages are must be done.*5. Describe how to ensure a proper stowage for general cargo. The term stowage factor means the cargos volume been divided by its weight. It is very important. From it, we can calculate how many cargoes can be carried. For example, if one ships capacity is 12000 cubic meters and a kind of cargos stowage factor is 1.5 cubic meters per ton, we calculate that ship can carry the cargo 8000 tons in weight. Of course, the ships net dead weight is equal or bigger 8000 tons. When we use cargos stowage factor to calculate s ships capacity, we must consider the broken space and ships net dead weight. We also should consider that how many holds the ship has and the kinds of cargo. As us usually, we arrange these cargo, which has small stowage factor, in low hold, and those cargo, which has big stowage factor, in the tween-deck.-Charter 63. Describes the procedures of carrying out an overhaul (大修，major repair ) for navigational aids. Some of equipment may be seriously damaged during operation and which will effect a ships safety. In order to keep the ship in seaworthiness, it is necessity to carry out overhaul for navigational aids. The contents of the overhaul is include: (1) to check the hull throughout; (2) to repair some of damaged equipments or renewed. (3) hull cleaning, especially the parts below the water line; (4) de-rusting, or changing metal plates. The cost of overhaul is very expensive. The chief officer should make the repair list carefully. If one program can be repaired by himself , do not put in into overhaul repair plan. After overhaul repair, the chief officer should check them.-Charter 71.Describe the procedures in handling fire on board. Switch on fire alarm immediately while finding fire. The fire alarm is belling for one minute, and one long blast is indicating fore; two long blasts is indicating aft; three long blasts is indicating middle, or bridge; four long blasts is indicating the engine room. After the fire has been extinguished, crew should check the fire area every 10 minutes for avoiding the fire re-ignition , sent men for keeping and report. After making sure the fire is not re-ignition, the crew can cancel the fire alarm, and the chief officer should enter the event into the log-book. Because I am a chief officer, according to the muster list, I am in command of the fire party at spot during fire-fighting.*2.Describe the emergency procedures in handling ship-borne oil pollution. When ship- borne oil pollution occurs, switch on alarm immediately. The alarm is belling three short blasts and one long blast for one minute. All crewmembers should be standby for meeting emergency. The first is t