2019届高考英语一轮基础选习题模块6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld（含解析）牛津译林版.docx

Helping people around the world李仕才一、阅读理解。Oxford English Dictionary(OED)editors recently noted that the threeletter word “run” has indeed become the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most complicated word in the English language.The various definitions of “run” featured in the OEDs upcoming third edition begin with the obvious “to go with quick steps”，then continue to run on for 75 columns of type.How could three little letters be responsible for so much meaning？Context is everything.Think about it：When you run a fever，for example，those three letters have a very different meaning than when you run a bath to treat it，or when your bathwater runs over and wets your cotton bath runner，forcing you to run out to the store and buy a new one.And when you ran over a nail in the parking lot and now your car wont even run properly.Godyoud do things differently if you ran the world.When the OEDs first edition came out in 1928，the longest entry belonged to another threeletter word：“set”Even today，the print edition of the OED contains some 200 meanings，beginning with“put，lay，or stand” and continuing on for about 32 pages.So what happened? British author Simon Winchester believes “a feature of our more energetic times” made word like “set” seem more passive by comparison.“Run” appears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.“Machines run, clocks run, computers runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century，” Winchester says.So，ready to run through the whole list of definitions？Ah，to read all 645 meanings youll have to wait for the next edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.1Which phrase has the first meaning of “run” in the upcoming third edition of OED?ATo run a fever.BTo run out to the store.CTo run a bath.DTo run a machine.2What does the writer intend to tell us in Paragraph 3?AVarious meanings of the word “run”BHow to use “run” in specific cases.CHow to learn about the word “run”DDifferent ways to run the world.3What can we learn from the text?A“Run” is the most difficult word.BThe meaning of “set” continues on for 75 columns of type.C“Run” had the most meanings in 1928.D“Run” has 645 meanings for the verb form in the third edition of OED.4What made “run” become the word with the most meanings according to Winchester?AOxford English Dictionary.BThe various definitions.CUsage cases of the word “set”DThe Industrial Revolution.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近牛津英语词典的编辑注意到由3个字母组成的单词“run”仅作为动词便具有645个不同用法，成为了英语中最复杂的单词。无独有偶，还有“set”一词，也是用法较多，在词典中有大约200个意思。词汇意义的复杂多样化是社会发展、进步的象征。长难句分析：Oxford English Dictionary(OED) editors recently noted that the threeletter word“run”has indeed become the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most complicated word in the English language.(第一段)译文：牛津英语词典的编辑最近提到3个字母的单词“run”实际上成了唯一一个仅就动词形式来讲就拥有645个不同用法的意义最多的单词，这使它成为英语语言中最复杂的单词。词汇积累：definition n释义，定义context n上下文，语境，背景upcoming adj.即将到来的1B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“upcoming third edition begin with the obvious to go with quick steps”可知，第三版牛津英语词典中“run”的第一个意思是“跑”。A项意为“发烧”；B项意为“向商店跑去”；C项意为“洗澡”；D项意为“运行机器”。B项符合题意。故选B。2A推理判断题。第三段作者都是在介绍“run”搭配的不同词组及其意义。A项意为“run一词的多种含义”，符合题意。故选A。3D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“upcoming third edition”及第一段中的“become the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone”可知，在第三版牛津英语词典中“run”作为动词就有645个意思。A项没有提及；B、C两项表述错误。故选D。4D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Runappears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.Machines run，clocks run，computers runall of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century”可知，“run”一词的含义在工业革命时期开始多起来。故选D。二、单项选择。1.It is urgent that immediate measures _ should be taken to stop the situation.A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take【答案】C【解析】It is urgent that.(should) do.； “措施被采取”用被动语态。句意：很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action.A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but takeC. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take【答案】B【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除外别无选择” ，符合题意。句意：如果在本月底我们仍未收到货款，我们别无选择，只能采取法律行动。3._ the instant message servicerWeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday communication.A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of【答案】B【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即时消息服务商微信，我们可以和朋友们保持联系，进行日常交流。4.China has made a _ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.A. devotion B. commitment C. allowance D. combination【答案】B【解析】make a commitment 作出承诺；devotion 忠心，献身；allowance 津贴，补助；combination 联合。句意：中国作出承诺竭尽全力帮助亚洲受海啸袭击的地区。5.The _ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment.A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty【答案】B【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光秃的；vacant 空着的，未被占用的；empty 空的；没人居住的。句意：周围光秃的山提醒村民们保护环境的重要性。6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _ or a major search through his crowded backpack.A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions【答案】B【解析】occasion 时机，机会；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 规则；suggestion 建议。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞满东西的背包找半天作业本，萨姆就开始做起了作业。7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _ to the storage section indications.A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision【答案】B【解析】make (a) reference to 参阅，谈到。句意：对于产品的临时储存和长期储存，请参阅储存说明。8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _ at least one hour each day to recite English texts.A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out【答案】B【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 写下；sets out 开始。句意：为了提高英语口语，露西每天留出一小时的时间来背诵英语课文。9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _.A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away【答案】A【解析】句意：随着夜幕降临，聚集在事故现场的人群开始散去。break up 散(会)，解散，(人群)散开，破碎；break down 出毛病，失灵，分解，感情失控；break out 爆发；break away 逃脱。10._ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to【答案】A【解析】There is no need to do 没有必要做某事。句意：现在没必要就给我答复。思考一下，然后告诉我。11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has become popular round the world, _ have othertraditional Chinese medicines.A. so B. as C. that D. which【答案】B【解析】as 表示像一样，引导定语从句。as 在从句中作主语，指代前面所说的内容。句意：今天针灸已经在世界上受到广泛的欢迎，像其它中国传统医学一样。12.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A. that B. this C. it D. her【答案】C【解析】本句中的 it 是一个形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：苏珊向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英语中能够作为形式宾语的只有 it。故C 正确。13.She would be much healthier now _ with that much pressure from work when young.A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdenedC. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened【答案】A【解析】根据 when young 可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，由 now 可知主句是对现在事实的假设，而在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以将 if 省略，然后将 had、were 或者 should 提前，构成虚拟语气句的倒装。句意：如果不是她年轻时工作压力过大，她现在就会更加健康了。14.If you had listened to me, we _ at the party. Move over. Ill drive.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been【答案】C【解析】句意：要是当初你听我的，那么我们现在就在聚会现场了。你挪过去，我来开车。if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而本空表示与现在的实际情况相反的假设，说话人此时还在路上，因此用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。15.Thank God! The accident was avoided after all.That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _?A. was destroyed B. would be destroyedC. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed【答案】C【解析】根据 The accident was avoided after all.可知两辆车被毁了是不真实的，这里的 ten inches nearer 是遗憾的虚拟条件， 相当于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因为是对过去的事情的虚拟， 用 would have done。句意：“谢天谢地，事故毕竟被避免了。”“那是很幸运的，但是再近 10 英寸，两辆车就被毁了。”16.I didnt see you at the concert last week. What a pity!If only I _ the time.A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford【答案】C【解析】句意：“很遗憾！上周的音乐会上没有看到你。”“如果我抽得出时间就好了。”从第一句话看出答话者没有去听音乐会，根据答语可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此选 C。17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _ all my spare time.A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up【答案】C【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但数学课和练习占据了我所有的业余时间。从句为含蓄条件句，but 构成并列句，以真实的情况表示隐含的虚拟条件。18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendid results.A. havent achieved B. wouldnt have achievedC. shouldnt achieve D. would not achieve【答案】B【解析】本题是一个使用 without 的含蓄虚拟语气句，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用would have done 结构。句意：如果没有我们党和政府的领导，我们就不会取得这些辉煌的成就。19.What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees _ well, but I didnt water them.A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow【答案】C【解析】根据 but 后的分句可知空格处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，补全原句为：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我们上周种的小树怎么了？” “ (如果我浇水的话)那些树会长得很好，但是我没浇水。 ”20.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set【答案】B【解析】insist 后面跟从句，如果从句中的动作已经发生或状态已经存在，谓语动词就不能用虚拟语气，如果从句中的动作没有发生，谓语动词就用虚拟语气。句意：那个年轻人坚持说她没有做错什么事，并坚持认为他应该获得释放。21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _ themselves.A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending【答案】B【解析】expand 扩张，使膨胀，详述；stretch 伸展，张开；stretch oneself 伸懒腰，伸展身体， prolong拖延，延长；extend 延伸，扩大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，职员们站在桌子后面伸懒腰。22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not become tired.A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited【答案】C【解析】expand 扩张；enlarge 扩大，放大；extend 延长，伸展；exploit 开拓，剥削，开采。句意：中国法律规定员工每天工作时间可以不超过 8 小时，但是法律允许在某些情况下延长工作时间，在此类情况下雇主必须确保工人不会感到劳累。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Not many people can say theyve been hit by a vehicle，but I can.I rode my bike to my daily _1_ practice in a gym last summer.I crossed the street as the light _2_；however，a young woman _3_ me with her fancy racing car.Like James Bond in a very_4_ situation，I rolled across the hood(引擎盖)onto the other side of the car.You may wonder_5_ a woman driver could be so careless.The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving，so her _6_ was clearly drawn away from driving，which caused the accident.After assessing my_7_ and believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way，I_8_ and talked to the woman driver.I could tell she was obviously quite _9_.So was IAfter assuring her of my wellbeing，we_10_ ways._11_ my surprisingly shabby bicycle，I went on my way.I rode into the_12_ minutes late.Upon my arrival，my tennis coach and friends asked me why I was late.Nervously，I_13_ the car accident.Everyone seemed to be far more_14_ than I was.In fact，I_15_ joked，saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape.After this_16_ ，I realize the importance of bike lanes and watching out for pedestrians.Now as I drive，I always _17_ for people on bikes so that they do not_18_ the same fate(命运)that I did._19_ ，for all the bikers and runners out there，watch out for cars，as one small mistake could _20_ an unforgivable mistake.1A.football BtennisCvolleyball Dbadminton2A.permitted BbrokeCappeared Dexploded3A.passed BgreetedChit Dmet4A.romantic BhumorousCawkward Ddangerous5A.how BifCwhen Dwhere6A.passion BattentionCinterest Dexcitement7A.needs BbehaviorsCinjuries Dconclusions8A.stood up Bwalked awayClay down Dblew up9A.rude BcautiousCforgetful Dscared10A.parted BclearedCexplored Dchanged11A.Turning in BPicking upCPutting aside DGiving away12A.garage Bparking lotCgym Dbike store13A.avoided BignoredCprevented Dmentioned14A.grateful BinspiredCanxious Dcurious15A.still BevenCjust Dyet16A.attempt BsacrificeCexploration Daccident17A.look out Bwork outCcome out Dset out18A.accept BdeserveCsuffer Descape19A.Thus BHoweverCOtherwise DAlso20A.repeat BcauseCcorrect Drealize【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在骑车去体育馆参加网球训练的途中，被一辆跑车撞到，幸运的是“我”的骨头没有受伤。通过这起事故，“我”意识到了自行车车道和注意行人的重要性。【核心词汇】watch out for密切注意vehicle n交通工具，(表达和传播思想、观点的)媒介(物)，车辆fancy n想象力，喜好，幻想 v想象，认为，想要adj.异常复杂的，昂贵的，精美的assess v评价，评定，估算，核定undamaged adj.未损坏的obviously adv.明显地，显然地shabby adj.破烂的，肮脏的pedestrian n行人，步行者adj.乏味的，行人的1B根据第三段第三句中的“my tennis coach”可以判断，“我”骑自行车到体育馆参加网球训练，故B项正确。2A根据该句中的“I crossed the street”可知，“我”穿过了街道；根据常识可以判断，此举是在信号灯的允许(permitted)下进行的，故A项符合语境。3C根据该句中的“a young woman _3_ me with her fancy racing car”，并结合第一段第一句中的“been hit by a vehicle”可知，一位年轻的女士开着跑车撞到了“我”。C项意为“撞击”，符合语境。4D根据该句“Like James Bond in a very_4_ situation，I rolled across the hood(引擎盖)onto the other side of the car”可知，就像詹姆斯邦德在非常危险的(dangerous)情况下那样，“我”从引擎盖上滚到了车的另一边。5A分析该句结构可知，空处在宾语从句中作状语；结合该句“You may wonder _5_ a woman driver could be so careless”及语境可知，你可能想知道，一个女司机怎么会如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故选A。6B根据该句中的“The truth is that the woman was on her phone while driving”可知，这位女士在开车时打电话。据此可以判断，她的注意力(attention)不在开车上。7C根据该句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged in any way”可以判断，这是在对“我”的伤势进行评定。C项意为“损伤”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“需要”；B项意为“行为”；D项意为“结论”。8A根据该句中的“believing that all my bones were undamaged”可知，“我” 的骨头都没有受伤；据此可以判断，“我”站起身和那位女司机说话。A项意为“站起身”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“走开”；C项意为“躺下”；D项意为“爆炸，爆发”。9D根据上文可知，“我”被这位女司机开的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，这位女司机很害怕(scared)，故D项正确。A项意为“粗鲁的”；B项意为“谨慎的”；C项意为“健忘的”。10A根据该句中的“After assuring her of my wellbeing”可以判断，在让她确信“我”身体没事以后，我们就分开(parted)了。11B根据上文可知，“我”被女司机驾驶的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，“我”扶起(Picking up)了“我”的破烂的自行车就上路了。A项意为“交还”；C项意为“把放在一边，撇开”；D项意为“泄露”。12C根据第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”骑车进了体育馆(gym)，故选C。13D根据该段最后一句中的“saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并结合该句“Nervously，I _13_ the car accident”可知，紧张之余，“我”提到(mentioned)了这起事故。14C根据前一句可知，“我”提到了这起事故；结合该句“Everyone seemed to be far more_14_ than I was”可以判断，他们似乎比“我”更加担心(anxious)。 A项意为“感激的”；B项意为“能力卓越的”；D项意为“好奇的”。15B根据该句中的“joked, saying that now I know how the squirrels feel after a nice escape”，并结合前一句他们似乎比“我”更加担心的描述可知，事实上，“我”甚至(even)开起了玩笑。16D根据上下文可知，在这起事故(accident)之后，“我”意识到了自行车车道和密切注意行人的重要性。A项意为“尝试”；B项意为“牺牲”；C项意为“探索”。17A根据该句中的“so that they do not _18_ the same fate(命运)that I did”可知，现在“我”开车时总要密切注意(look out)骑自行车的人，这样他们就不会遭受(suffer)与“我”同样的命运。B项意为“锻炼身体”；C项意为“公开表明”；D项意为“出发”。18C参见上题解析。A项意为“接受”；B项意为“应得”；D项意为“逃跑”。19D根据语境可知，“我”现在开车总要密切注意骑自行车的人，同样(Also)，对于所有的骑自行车的人和跑步者，他们应当注意来往车辆，因为一个小错误可能会导致(cause)一个不可原谅的错误。20B参见上题解析。四、七选五。By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients._2_ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it._3_ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Latin American countries，those living in small and mediumsized cities at most treat it