物流专业英语.doc

物流 logistics 2+5物流管理 logistics management (第4页)；物流战略 logistics strategy （15页）326（1）第三方物流Third-Party Logistics326 From the supply side and demand-side logistics companies outside the provision of logistics services business model供应链 supply chain (40页)326（24）；供应链管理 supply chain management (42页)328（20）采购 procurement (73-74页)+采购负责收购企业所需要的所有材料。它包括所有采购、生产所需的货物，服务和供应商提供的任何其他材料。直接采购 direct procurement (77页)；间接采购 indirect procurement(77页)；运输 transportation (99页)配送中心 distribution center (140页) ；物料管理 materials management (57页)1,信息技术如何实现供应链管理的整合,。3，什么是第四方物流？第四方物流如何提高效率、降低成本，举例说明。5,供应链管理的含义、特点，如何理解供应链管理和物流。定义：p42；重要特征：p43-454，运输有几种方式、含义、不同运输方式的优点p100-106（优劣势）做组合安排，以企业为例112,2，p992，p140-141对配送中心的理解。传统仓库与配送中心的区别（举例说明）1, 技术推动下的企业供应链信息技术下的供应链管理随着信息技术的发展，其对现代供应链管理的影响也日益增大。它不仅改变了传统方式下商品交易的形式，也改变了传统形式的物流、信息流和资金流。1、物流条码技术条码技术的应用促进了各实体间的高效信息互联，改善了供应链管理特别是物流方面的效率。通过应用条码技术，可以获取随货物同时到达的物流信息，并进一步通过信息系统，获得下一步物流指令，按要求卸货，使货物顺利。流”向下一环节。减少了存货存储空间，以及出货调配单据的数量，消除了人工处理产生的费时和人为错误的问题，还能动态了解物品运行全过程情况。Logistics and the application of bar code technology, bar code technology to promoteefficient information between entities connected, improved supply chain management, especially the logistics efficiency. Through the application of bar code technology, you canget with the arrival of goods at the same time logistics information, and further through theinformation system, logistics command to obtain the next step, according to therequirements of discharge, the cargo smoothly. Flow down a link. Reduce inventorystorage space, and the number of documents shipped allocation, eliminating time-consuming manual processing and human error resulting from the problem, but also to understand the dynamic of the entire process of goods2，电子数据交换(EDI)技术Electronic data interchange (EDI) technology通过电子数据交换，使信息传递速度大大高于传统方法，实现了不同企业之间信息的实时传递。标准化的电子格式文件传输提高了企业内部生产率，改善了渠道关系，提高了企业竞争力，降低了作业成本，有利于供应链的纵向整合。Through electronic data interchange, the information transmission speed is much higher than traditional methods of information between different enterprises to achieve real-timedelivery. Standardized electronic format for file transfer to improve the internal productivity,improved channel relationships, improving competitiveness, reducing operating costs and help the supply chain vertical integration.3通信技术 Communications technology (1)全球卫星定位系统(GPS) 。Global Positioning System (GPS)GPS在物流供应链信息管理中可以通过及时地调度和配载，有效降低车辆空驶率，并可以实时掌握货车位置，加强管理，彻底解决物流运输低效率问题。(2)地理信息系统(GIS) 优化供应链物流线路，降低物流成本。GPS information in the logistics supply chain management through timely scheduling andloading, vehicles Kongshi effectively reduce the rate of vehicle location and real-timecontrol, strengthen management, solve the problem of low efficiency of logistics and transport. (2) geographic information system (GIS) to optimize the supply chain logisticslines, reduce logistics costs.(3)射频识别技术(RFID)。 Radio frequency identification technology便利仓储管理，实现生产线自动化，并对供应链中流通信息进行监督和分析预测，从而及时采取补救措施或预警。Convenient warehouse management, production line automation, and supply chainmonitoring and analysis of information flow forecasts, which take timely remedial measures or warning.4、CPFR管理方式 CPFR management。CPFR是建立在VMI，QR、ECR等以往的供应链实践基础上的，但是摒弃了其缺陷，实现信息共享和供应链集成和协同。CPFR整合了多交易伙伴来联合制订规划和实现顾客需求，它的实现不仅在于将合作伙伴纳入了业务的决策过程中，而且完全实现了多合作伙伴关系的融合与重构，并且创造了一种新的价值和市场竞争力。这种价值和竞争力表现为经济性或财务型的价值，即CPFR使企业增强了销售、管理和运作效率以及改进现金流和投资回报的能力，进而削减了库存，减少了对昂贵设施的投资，实现了更多的业务整合的机会，最终对整个供应链产生了深刻的影响。信息技术的应用，使得现代供应链运作能够通过及时、有效的信息传递，实时把握市场需求，并根据需求确定最佳的生产经营和物流运作。集条码技术、数据库、电子订货系统、射频识别技术、电子数据交换、全球定位系统等信息交换技术和网络技术为一体的企业供应链信息集成系统，有效实现了管理的信息化，改进r整个供应链的信息精度、及时性和流通速度。CPFR is based on the VMI, QR, ECR, etc. in the past on the basis of supply chainpractice, but abandoned its shortcomings, r to achieve information sharing and supply chain integration and collaboration. CPFR more trading partners to integrate planning andrealization of joint development of customer needs, its implementation is not only thepartners into the business decision-making process, and the full realization of theintegration of multi-partner relationships and reconstruction, and created a new value and market competitiveness. This value and competitive performance of the type of economicor financial value, that CPFR enable enterprises to enhance sales, management andoperational efficiency and improve cash flow and return on investment capacity, thus reducing inventory, reducing the need for costly infrastructure investments to achieve more business opportunities for integration, and ultimately the entire supply chain had a profound impact. Application of information technology, making the modern supply chain operations through timely and effective information delivery, real-time market needs, anddetermine the best production based on demand management and logistics operations.Set of bar code technology, databases, electronic ordering system, radio frequencyidentification technology, electronic data interchange, global positioning systems,information exchange and network technology as one of the supply chain information integration system, the effective implementation of management information, improvingthe entire supply r chain of information accuracy, timeliness and velocity.在供应链情景下，柔性的边界从企业内部外延到企业之间。信息技术特别是一些标准化技术的应用，促进了企业间各方面的互联，变企业之间的生死竞争关系为“共赢”关系，强调信息的开放和共享，培养共享战略性重要信息和隐性知识的长期导向型的交易关系，实现由“柔性厂”到。柔性链”的转变，从而协同整合整个链E的资源和能力，进而使之发展成为整个企业链的战略优势。需要将条码扫描技术POS系统、EDI以及EFT等技术集成起来，在供应链上建立一个高效的供应链集成系统，以确保产品能不间断地由供应商流向最终用户。与此同时，信息流能在开放的供应链中循环流动，这样才能真正的满足用户对产品和信息的要求，即给用户提供最优质的产品的适时准确的时间。In the supply chain scenarios, flexible extension to the boundary from within the enterprisebetween enterprises. Some standardization of information technology, especiallytechnology, to promote all aspects of the Internet enterprises, enterprises becomecompetitive relationship between life and death as a win-win relationship, emphasizingopenness and sharing of information and training to share important information and implicit strategic knowledge of the long-term oriented trading relationship, to achieve theflexible factory to. Flexible chain, the changes in order to integrate the entire chain of Etogether the resources and capabilities, thereby enabling the development of the entirebusiness chain of strategic advantage.Need to be barcode scanning technology POS systems, EDI and EFT integratetechnology in the supply chain to establish an efficient supply chain integration system to ensure uninterrupted product flow to end users by the suppliers. At the same time,information flow in an open loop supply chain flow, in order to truly meet user requirementsfor products and information, that is, to provide the highest quality products, timely andaccurate time.通过信息、制造和现代管理技术，将企业生产经营过程中有关的人、技术、经营管理三要素有机地集成并优化运行。通过对生产经营过程的物料流、管理过程的信息流和决策过程的决策流进行有效地控制和协调，将企业内部的供应链与企业外部的供应链有机地集成起来进行管理，达到全局动态最优目标，以适应在新的竞争环境下市场对生产和管理过程提出的高质量、高柔性和低成本的要求。Through information, manufacturing and modern management techniques, production and operation process of the person concerned, technology, management and organically integrated the three elements of optimal operation. Through the process of production and management of material flow, information flow management process and decision makingprocesses to effectively control the flow and coordination within the enterprise supply chain and outside the enterprise organically integrated supply chain management, to achieve the best overall dynamic excellent target to meet the new competitive environment in the market for production and management process for the quality, high flexibility and low costrequirements.2，配送中心是以组织配送性销售或供应，执行实物配送为主要职能的流通型结点。在配送中心中为了能更好地做送货的编组准备，因此必然需要采取零星集货、批量进货等种种资源搜集工作和对货物的分整、配备等工作，因此，也具有集货中心、分货中心的职能。为了更有效地、更高水平的配送，配送中心往往还有比较强的流通加工能力。此外，配送中心还必须执行货物配备后的送达到户的使命，这是和分货中心只管分货不管运达的重要不同之处。由此可见，如果说集货中心、分货中心、加工中心的职能还是较为单一的话，那么，配送中心功能则较全面、完整，也可以说，配送中心实际上是集货中心：分货中心、加工中心功能之综合，并有了配与送的更高水平。 配送中心做为物流中心中的一种主要形式，有时便和物流中心等同起来了。配送中心的形成及发展是有其历史原因的，日本经济新闻社的输送的知识一书，将此说成是物流系统化和大规模化的必然结果，变革中的配送中心一文中是这样讲：由于用户在货物处理的内容上、在时间上和服务水平上都提出了更高的要求，为了顺利地满足用户的这些要求，就必须引进先进的分拣设施和配送设备，否则就建立不了正确、迅速、安全、廉价的作业体制。因此，在运输业界，大部分企业都建造了正式的配送中心。 可见，配送中心的建设是基于物流合理化和发展市场两个需要，这是应当引起我们重视的。配送中心是物流领域中社会分工、专业分工进一步细化之后产生的。在新型配送中心没有建立起来之前，配送中心现在承担的有些职能是在转运型结点中完成的，以后一部分这类中心向纯粹的转运站发展以衔接不同的运输方式和不同规模的运输，一部分则增强了送的职能，而后又向更高级的 配的方向发展。现代物流配送中心的主要业务是配和送,关键工序就是分拣,再辅之科学配货及科学配装,就能在时间上,成本上为客户提供一种增殖服务,还有,关键的一点是,它是以客户需求为推动力,即客户要什么就送什么. 而传统仓库更多的是以储存为主要业务,另外有时也做一些运输,它是以自身为中心,即提供的产品有时候并非客户所要的英文：见书，中文版： 书本+一般来说，物流配送中心是在仓库的基础仓库的基础上形成和发展起来的，所以，物流配送中心与仓库有许多相似之处，如储存与保管等。但就总体而言，二者却有着较大的差异，主要表现在以下几个方面:首先，从功能上看，配送中心的功能相对齐全，不仅包括货物的接收、分拣、整理、保管、装卸和发运等更能，而且包括货物的订购、组织、物流信息的交换与处理，以及货物的加工、包装等功能，而仓库的主要功能是进行货物的保管;其次，从作用上看，配送中心的核心在于提高物流效率，降低物流费用，而仓库的核心在于货物的储存保管，保证商品的使用价值不受损失; 第三，从规模上看，配送中心一般规模较大，而仓库的规模一般较小;第四，从运动过程上来看，配送中心的动态性强于仓库; 第五，从管理来看，配送中心的整体性和系统性比仓库更强，管理水平也较高; 第六，从信息方面来看，配送中心也是物流信息的集聚和发散中心，物流信息更全面更系统，流动性也更强。In general, logistics and distribution center is based in the warehouse on the basis of the formation of the warehouse and developed, so, logistics and distribution centers andwarehouses have many similarities, such as the storage and safekeeping. But overall, but has a greater difference between the two, mainly in the following areas: First, from a functional point of view, logistics and distribution center functions is relatively complete, including not only the goods receiving, sorting, sorting, storage, handling and shipping and other more, but also the goods ordered, organization, logistics,information exchange and processing, and cargo processing, packaging and other functions, and the warehouses main function is the storage of goods; Secondly, from the role of point of view, the core of logistics and distribution center is to improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, and lies in the warehouse storage of goods, storage, to ensure that the value of goods is not lost; Third, terms of scale, logistics and distribution centers are generally larger, andgenerally small size of the warehouse; Fourth, the movement from the point of view, the dynamics of logistics and distributioncenter is stronger than the warehouse; Fifth, from a management point of view, logistics and distribution center warehousemore than holistic and systematic management level is also high; Sixth, from the information in terms of logistics and distribution center is the logistics information gathering and divergence centers, more comprehensive logistics informationsystems, mobility is also stronger.3第四方物流是指一个供应链的集成商，它对公司内部和具有互补性的服务供应商所拥有的不同资源，能力和技术进行整合和管理，提供一整套供应链解决方案，又称之为总承包商或领衔物流服务商。第四方物流对整合社会资源、提升物流产业具有极其重要的作用。它不是物流的利益方，而是通过拥有的信息技术、整合能力以及其他资源提供一套完整的供应链解决方案，以此获取一定的利润。它是帮助企业实现降低成本和有效整合资源，并且依靠优秀的第三方物流供应商、技术供应商、管理咨询以及其他增值服务商，为客户提供独特的和广泛的供应链解决方案。Fourth Party Logistics is a supply chain integrator, its internal and complementary service providers have different resources, capabilities and technology integration andmanagement, providing a complete set of supply chain solutions, also known as general contractor or lead logistics service provider. Fourth Party Logistics for the integration ofsocial resources to improve the logistics industry has an extremely important role.It is not the logistics of the interested parties, but by owning information technology, integration, and other resources to provide a complete supply chain solutions, in order toobtain a certain profit. It is to help businesses reduce costs and achieve effectiveintegration of resources, and rely on good third-party logistics providers, technology providers, management consulting and other value-added service providers to provide customers with unique and extensive supply chain solutions.第四方物流案例: 亚洲物流（天津）有限公司 Asia Logistics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.?亚洲物流（天津）有限公司（以下简称“亚物天津”）是中国第一家网络物流服务商。在充分分析中国物流现状的基础上，创造性地以网上信息联网和网下业务联网的结合为核心，通过全国 87个城市的分公司和加盟用户的联网? 亚洲物流（天津）有限公司（以下简称“亚物天津”）是中国第一家网络物流服务商。在充分分析中国物流现状的基础上，创造性地以网上信息联网和网下业务联网的结合为核心，通过全国 87个城市的分公司和加盟用户的联网运作，提供客户所需的整套物流服务，从而创立了一套卓有成效的现代网络物流方案。亚物天津独特的最大核心优势是不断扩张的运营网络，是通过设立在87个城市中的 150家分公司及办事处，形成了基于互联网的中国覆盖面最广的省际公路物流网络，从而全面提升物流服务的竞争力。亚物天津定位于第四方物流服务商，原因是公司没有拥有自己的仓库及车队。而是通过长租或控股的运输车队拥有重型、中型、小型、货柜等车况良好的各类车辆 1,000台来适合不同的货运要求。仓储也是通过长租或控股的方式，由于车是车主的，仓是仓主的，亚物天津可以减省不少车辆或仓库维修及保养的烦恼。亚物天津拥有的只是一张覆盖全国的物流运营网络，一个信息交流、搭配、交易的网络平台及一班有物流行业经验的专家队伍。Asia Logistics (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as sub-objects Tianjin) isChinas first network of logistics service providers. In the full analysis on the basis of the status quo of Chinas logistics, creative networking and online information network to the next business combination as the core network through 87 cities nationwide branchnetwork and join the users operation, providing complete logistics services required by customers, thus the creation of a modern network of effective logistics solutions. Asias largest property Tianjin unique core strengths is the ever-expanding network of operations,is set up in 87 cities in 150 branches and offices, formation of the China-based Internetcoverage of the most extensive logistics network of inter-provincial highways, resulting in an overall enhance the competitiveness of logistics services. Sub-objects located in thefourth party logistics service provider in Tianjin, because the company did not have their own warehouses and fleets. But through long-term lease or controlled fleet with heavy, medium, small, good condition of containers, and 1,000 types of vehicles to suit differentfreight requirements. Storage is controlled by way of long-term lease or, as is the owner of the car, the warehouse is the main warehouse, sub-objects can save a lot of Tianjinwarehouse maintenance and repair of vehicles or trouble. Tianjin has sub-objects onlyoperate a nationwide logistics network, an information exchange, with trading of networkplatforms and a group of logistics industry experience with a team of experts. 1.亚物天津物流运营网络亚物天津的运输网络是由三种业态构成: 在北京、天津、上海、广州、无锡五个城市设有一级分公司。一级分公司具有：大客户管理能力，长距离多式联运能力，转运及区域内短途运输能力，仓储及包装能力。在 21家省会城市设有二级分公司。二级分公司具有：长距离多式联运能力、转运及区域内短途运输能力。这21家二级分公司设立城市是：石家庄、太原、呼和浩特、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、重庆、杭州、合肥、福州、南昌等，上述26家一、二级分公司管理着61家城市具有货物接收转运能力的加盟用户。从而形成巨大的亚物天津公路物流网络。 2. 亚物天津的作业流程 3. 亚物天津的发展目标亚物天津的发展目标是搭建一个领先的第四方物流系统，其主要构件包括有(i)创新的配送路径优化机制，(ii) 环球追踪系统及 (iii) 全球供应链管理系统。创新的配送路径优化机制所谓“创新的配送路径优化机制”，就是能令客户的管理层开拓具有策略性的物流选择的空间。配送路径优化机制能考虑多方面的因素，包括各货仓及货车的所有活动、成本、储货、载货量等，亦能照顾拥有车队的客户而作出路径分析，并能决定最有效率的固定或主要运输路线、连合不同客户领域、调整车队数目，以及分析服务频率等。优化的方法有多种。传统得直线式程序亦能解决部分问题，但当配送点的数目不断增多，路线及车队调动的复杂性将以倍数增加，优化路线的计算时间亦不断延长。这当然未能符合实际需要，因第四方物流服务供货商需能实时将最合适的路径通知车队。因此，第四方物流服务供货商必需具备一智能化的路径选择系统，能够考虑各方面的实际情况，实时为客户决定最优化的运输路径。Global supply chain management system.i. innovative delivery route optimization mechanism called innovative delivery route optimization mechanism, that is, make the customers logistics management to develop astrategic choice of the space. Distribution route optimization mechanism to considervarious factors, including the warehouses and trucks of all activities, costs, cargo storage,cargo capacity, etc., also has a team of customer care to make the path analysis, and to determine the most efficient fixed or major transport routes, with different customer segments together, adjust the number of teams, as well as analysis of service frequency.There are several ways to optimize. Traditional linear program was also part of the solution, but the growing number of distribution points, routes and fleet mobilization ofcomplexity multiply, optimized route calculation time has been extended. This of coursedoes not meet the actual needs, as the fourth party logistics service providers in real timewill be the most appropriate path to the motorcade. Therefore, the fourth party logisticsservice providers must have an intelligent routing system, to consider all aspects of theactual, real-time for the customer to determine the most optimal transport paths.i.ii. ii. 环球追踪系统 (GTS) 需以环球定位系统 (GPS)支持。市场对环球定位系统期待已久，期望能为消费者及工业市场带来改革。但现实是环球定位系统从未在中国成功使用，而尝试使用的公司亦寥寥可数。很多业内的大型跨国公司如EG&G、SEG及Trimble等已于中国成立分公司，但均未能成功。原因在于此等公司未能解决最基本的问题，如不熟悉中国国内的情况及市场、未能取得营业牌照、错误的市场推广、缺乏电子地图的资料及营运管理失当等。话虽如此，成功开发环球追踪系统仍是第四方物流服务供货商的主要课题；环球追踪系统对它们来说是必须的。iii. iii. 全球供应链管理管理系统 跨企业的协同式解决方案能为物流供应链内的所有参与者提供快速的投资回报。时至今日，改善物流管理程序及减低货运成本已是必须，而成功的企业及物流服务供货商则正寻求真正的协同式物流解决方案，作为其策略的一部分。全球供应链管理解决方案能为各方改善物流管理程序，及透过单一平台为客户提供主动的事件管理。此平台需能无缝结合所有地方不同交通模式的运作，令客户能透过一个步骤就能管理所有事宜。传统上，物流运作可能是企业最难控制及掌握的一环 - 每天的不同作业可能达数千，整年计算则甚至可能达几百万。传统的供应链管理解决方案功能有限，原因在于该解决方案只着眼于企业本身的运输费用，而忽略与客户、供货商、贸易伙伴及服务供货商的协同效应。人手操作的系统或工作表缺乏可调整性，未能提供最大的优化，更不能有效配合日益全球化的供应链。 亚物天津有点儿像是“戴尔公司”，卖的是一种组合产品。“戴尔”是因减少了中间环节而减少了成本，而配货这个行业在内部环节的良好协调、搭配而减少的成本更明显。“戴尔”是因大量定制而有了规模效应的成本降低，而亚物天津是首先因为有了布点范围的规模效应，而有了一个4050%的成本降低空间，其次才是因为能处理的业务量大而带来的规模性成本降低。通过在干线物流领域布下的完善网络为运作平台；通过以联网动态配合为核心优势；通过各种先进技术的应用和与其它优势资源的结盟为辅助手段，在干线物流的非单企服务领域（行业基础服务或称之为第四方），打造国内的最佳物流基础业务服务网，成为规模最大、服务效率和能力最强的唯一领先的第四方物流服务企业。 (中国大物流) Tianjin, a bit like the sub-objects, Dell, to sell a portfolio of products. Dell is due to the reduction of intermediate links and reduce costs, and rationing in the internal part of the industrys well-coordinated, with a more pronounced reduction of costs. Dell because a lot of customization with the scale of cost reduction, while the sub-objects because ofTianjin is the first distribution range of scale, and with a 40 to 50% of the cost reduction of space, and secondly because it is able to handle the large volume of business brought about the size of cost reduction. Through the trunk area of logistics distribution networkunder perfect operating platform; through a dynamic network with the core strengths;through a variety of advanced technology and resources with the other advantages of the alliance to aid in the trunk of the non-single-enterprise logistics services (industry-basedservice or call fourth party), to create the best domestic logistics infrastructure business services network, to become the largest efficiency and only the strongest leader in fourth party logistics service co