车辆工程外文翻译---客车底盘概述.docx

附 录 Bus chassis SummaryBus chassis is the most important part, it has a direct bearing on the performance of bus. Chinas bus industry started late, so far only 20 or so, on our bus chassis development, can be summarized as: late start, poor foundation, rapid development, and gradually narrow the gap between foreign and other features.Before the 1980s, Chinas main passenger vehicle chassis modifications. Since slower vehicle speed, vehicle ride is not too high, thus converted into a low-speed bus (maximum 75 kilometers), comfort poor. In 1981 the original factory in Yangzhou Bus (now Yangzhou Yaxing Bus Co., Ltd.) the successful development of the first bus chassis JT663, and its truck chassis compared to the past, Speed (90 km / h), using a wide front axle for Lunju bus, cycle-ball steering gear and dual-circuit brake system pressure, when the system is also a breakthrough has been able to find a people-oriented Design concept. JT663 Preparation of success, marking the birth of Chinas bus chassis, is of epoch-making significance.In the 1990s, the development of Chinas highway speed of vehicles by the new requirements, the requirements of the largest vehicles more than 120 kilometers per hour, normal driving speed of 90 km above. Although at this time many of the domestic passenger business through joint ventures, cooperation or technology transfer and other means to start producing high-speed bus, but due to high cost of these vehicles only on the strength of passenger traffic, operating in economically developed areas, the economy in underdeveloped regions The number of road mixed lines, the lack of suitable vehicles. At this point buses and chassis business JT66 3 chassis design from the successful experiences of, To reduce the body to relieve themselves, reduce the maximum gross vehicle quality, increased engine power, improve power vehicles than measures such as using integrated power steering and noise, cooling fast, long service life of the radial tire, designed to produce Regular rate is greater than 90 km and a maximum speed reached 10 km above the JS6820 and bus chassis. Because the main assembly of the car were domestic cases, the price of only 30 million, higher cost performance, the general passenger business in about six months to recover the cost, so welcomed by domestic users.9th Five-Year period, the industrial development of Chinas passenger by the State attaches great importance to the State Economic and Trade Commission will require high standards of the two passenger buses JT6890 Development as a 9th Five-Year technology projects. At the same time with the development and bus chassis production capacity of enterprises, for domestic auto parts production lag, and some trains were unable to meet the needs of the actual situation of international procurement, give priority to the forthcoming joint venture in China of products, as well as the domestic auto parts Production enterprises to participate in international economic cooperation matchmaking. Due to international against the procurement methods, and new development of chassis JT6890 control of the lower cost, the price of imports than the same type of chassis low 45 percent. The end of 1998, JT6890 after 30,000 km of the road test, a comprehensive national identification. Although JT6890 chassis assembly were chosen by the United States, Germany, Sweden, Britain and other six countries over 20 kinds of assembly, but a perfect match, it is commendable.Although China-made bus chassis in recent years developed very quickly, but compared with other countries, whether from the design level or from the assembly of the reliability, the gap is still great, particularly the assembly of the quality and reliability of the more prominent issues . With Chinas accession to the WTO is approaching, international cooperation will be further expanded, this will benefit Chinas passenger bus chassis design and assembly of raising the level of production, as soon as possible with the advanced world level to narrow differences in opportunities.Since the chassis is the largest body parts, body is good or bad is bound to lead the chassis completely good or bad, a good body is to have high rigidity, the so-called high-rigidity is not deformed. Traffic on the road, with the naked eye looks like no deformation, but in fact will be the impact of the road because of constant deformation, but a body deformation, vehicles will not be obedient, do not think that the 1 2 mm no deformation, it will You it difficult to control in high-speed vehicles, because in high-speed, you do not control the vehicle to 10 mm, which is why the automotive media often say that the body rigid for high-speed stability on the absolute nature of the impact.But here referred to the rigid body has nothing to do with security, if really want to make, of course, can make a very good control with no security of the body, and vice versa. Therefore, the manipulation of rigid body is not seen by the impact test, usually rigid body with the manipulation of the distorted rigid test of a fixed endpoint of a body, then the diagonal line endpoint SHI Li, the deformation obtained vehicles Point of view, in units of Nm / deg, this is the depot in the vehicle, often said to the rigid body and raise the number percent of the units of measurement, It is a pity that the world depot for the number of confidentiality home, making relatively rigid body can only be subjective impression of the test, but no scientific data, coupled with the suspension and shock absorbers of the fuzzy, into the old rigid body Wang Maigua traders puff, lies in constantly attacking Jie of the Rashomon.However, regardless of rigid body again, if the suspension arm directly to the car body, also because of stress concentration, and have too many local deformation, so the best equipment on the rigid frame of a higher, will be suspended from The strength of the crane through the frame, distributed to more cars on the body to reduce the deformation, so that the high-priced cars will not mean trailers loaded deputy, to reduce the pressure faced by the body.Chassis suspension system has always been the most volatile areas, because in addition to consider the rigid, point of control is a major challenge, said the first briefing when the steering control, and some cars can be done near real-time responses to some After turning the steering wheel cars only about one second reaction (AOL really tried this car), there is such a major difference between the issue or rigid, less than the rigid body and suspension will absorb deformation out to you the action, and then Rebound out, the car will be open to such people do not have a sense of stability, is actually not trust, Another will be because of early action to be eaten, the driver of the steering wheel will turn some more, leading to the latter part of the centrifugal force caused too much out of control, this car for a long time driving skills will be wrong, leading to vulnerable low-speed out of control.Of course, in addition to the most basic of steering control, suspension system also controls the wheels of various point of view, the perspective of many of the wheel, the inclination, after the dip, inclination, the former beam angle. Tire decision, inclination angle of the earth, in theory, the case is 0 , but the car will roll Guowan, long-term external wear on tires would be more serious, so many negative set point, but also allows car when stability is Guowan As for the plant to see how much experience decision, but not suitable for the original set too conservative or too violent people, according to its own drive demand for tyres will make its own point of view is a better-targeted approach.After the dip is a very important point, it affects you when the vehicle to the impression that after the dip for the role of the former towards the direction of the wheel, which sounds quite vague, with examples to explain! In the column, power forward or North Korea after, so the wheel is Chaoqian Fang, Guowan, Guowan wheels to bear the centrifugal force, the wheels will move towards the direction of centrifugal force, in the tail flick , The front will also move towards the direction of the tail flick, so you know why it has to bend the time may Fangdiao the reasons for the steering wheel. But after the dip is, relative to more people driving force of the rotating wheel, a driving force in front of the vehicle, usually only after the dip 1 3 , and then drove usually have a 5 10 .Since before the drive after a small dip, it will be less than straight into the stable, so the angle there, the role of the inclination to let the wheels forward, to fill the lack of stability, and this inclination by the Straight power load multiplied by sin (inclination). In addition, with the inclination angle of inclination angle for tolerance, this perspective is not important, it is important to the projection angle to the length of the ground, known as the length of the tyre friction radius, the radius affect the amount of road sense, but too many May cause steering resistance. But changes in tire diameter or round off set box will change the value of friction radius, which is why we say that the front wheels for reasons not to. Before the domestic multi-beam angle as before the beam, because of the previous day for vehicles to mm units, but now almost all in perspective for the unit. Before the beam angle to the role of the wheels on both sides have the strength inside to stable living body, but also to the needs of straight-line stability. Some vehicles, however, before the exhibition angle, so that the initial response to highly, but relatively rare commercial vehicles to critize. Although there are some perspective did not speak, but will be able to understand these great understanding of the suspension to make things, the control point is to put it bluntly, the most important point of control is not deformation of the suspension system, after all, but a deformation of the pre-set Not the point of view, but now more progress to the point of control, traffic control and better.However, domestic bus chassis in recent years developed very quickly, but compared with other countries, whether from the design level or from the assembly of the reliability, the gap is still great, particularly the assembly of the quality and reliability of the more prominent issues . With Chinas accession to the WTO is approaching, international cooperation will be further expanded, this will benefit Chinas passenger bus chassis design and assembly of raising the level of production, as soon as possible with the advanced world level to narrow differences in opportunities.客车底盘概述底盘是客车最重要部分，它直接关系到客车的性能。我国客车工业起步较迟，至今才年左右的时间，就我国客车底盘的发展情况而言，可以概括为：起步晚、基础差、发展快，和国外差距逐渐缩小等特征。世纪年代以前，我国的客车主要用货车底盘改装。由于货车时速较慢，车辆平顺性不太高，因而改装成的客车时速低（最高公里），舒适性差。年原扬州客车厂（现为扬州亚星客车股份有限公司）率先研制成功客车底盘，它和以往货车底盘相比，速度快（公里小时），采用了宽轮距客车专用前轴、循环球式转向器和气压双回路制动系统，在悬挂系统上也有所突破，已经能寻觅到“以人为本”的设计理念。的试制成功，标志着我国客车底盘的诞生，具有划时代的意义。世纪年代，我国高速公路的发展对车辆的速度提出新的要求，要求车辆最大时速公里以上，正常行驶时速公里以上。虽然此时国内许多客车企业通过合资、合作或技术引进等方式开始生产高速客车，但由于成本较高，这些车只能在实力雄厚、客运量大、经济发达的地区运营，对于经济欠发达地区的多种路面混合线路，缺少合适的车辆。此时客车和底盘企业汲取底盘设计的成功经验，采取缩短车身，减轻自重，减少整车最大总质量，增大发动机功率，提高车辆比功率等措施，采用整体式动力转向机构和噪声小、散热快、使用寿命长的子午线轮胎，设计生产出常速大于公里，最高时速达到公里以上的底盘及客车。因为该车的主要总成件均为国产件，价格只有多万元，性能价格比较高，一般客运企业在半年左右即可收回成本，所以深受国内用户欢迎。“九五”期间，我国客车工业的发展受到国家的高度重视，国家经贸委要求将达到高二级客车标准的客车的研制列为“九五”科技项目。同时具有底盘开发和客车生产能力的企业，针对国内汽车配件生产滞后、部分总成件性能满足不了需要的实际情况，实行国际采购，优先选择即将在中国合资生产的产品，同时为国内的汽配生产企业参与国际经济合作牵线搭桥。由于实行国际比价采购的方法，新开发的JT底盘控制了较低成本，价格比同类型进口底盘低。年底，经过万公里的路试，全面通过国家鉴定。虽然底盘总成件选用了美国、德国、瑞典、英国等个国家多种总成，但匹配完美，令人称道。虽然国产客车底盘近年来发展很快，但与国外相比，不论从设计水平还是从成件的可靠性来说，差距仍还很大，尤其是总成件的质量和可靠性的问题更为突出。随着中国入世的临近，国际合作也将进一步扩大，这将有利于我国客车底盘设计水平和客车总成件生产水平的提高，为尽快缩小同世界先进水平的差异带来机遇。既然车身是底盘的最大零件，那车身的好坏势必完全主导了底盘好坏，一个好的车身在于拥有高刚性，所谓的高刚性就是不易变形。车辆行走在路上时，用肉眼看起来好像完全没有变形，但实际上都会因为路面的冲击而不断的变形，一但车身变形，车辆就不会听话，不要以为12mm的变形没什么，它会让你在高速时难以驾驭车辆，因为在高速时，你对车辆的操控也不到10mm，这就是为什么各汽车媒体常说，车身刚性对于高速行驶的稳定性有绝对性的影响。不过这里所指的车身刚性与安全性无关，若是真的要作，当然可以作出一台拥有极佳操控性却没安全性的车身，反之亦然。所以车身的操控刚性是不可能由撞击测试中看出来的，车身的操控刚性通常跟扭曲刚性有关，测试法为固定车身某一端点，然后对对角在线的端点施力，求得车辆的变形角度，单位为Nm/deg，这就是各车厂在车辆改款时常说的车身刚性又提升多少%的计量单位，可惜的是全世界车厂对于这个数字保密到家，使得车身刚性比较只能流于试车的主观印象，而没有科学的数据比较，再加上悬吊及避震的模糊化之后，车身刚性变成老王卖瓜自卖自夸，谎言攻讦不断的产生。