半闭环数控车床进给部件设计开题报告

欢迎下载本文档参考使用，如果有疑问或者需要CAD图纸的请联系q1484406321编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 半闭环数控车床进给部件设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923061 学生姓名： 孙亚明 指导教师： 许菊若 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 半闭环数控车床进给部件设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 00923061 学生姓名： 孙亚明 指导教师： 许菊若 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年11月25日 课题来源校企合作开发课题科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）1 课题的科学意义 当今的世界，制造业在经济发展中占有十分重要的地位，机械制造业更加是制造业中的支柱与核心。2 国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势 当今世界，工业国家数控机床的拥有量可以反映这个国家的经济能力和国防实力。机电一体化在国外迅猛发张。西方工业国家的数控机床占有率一般能达到20%左右。当前数控车床主要呈现以下发展趋势：高速、高精密化 ，高可靠性。数控车床设计电子化、结构设计模块化，功能复合整合化。数控车床技术中高速、精密是机床发展永恒的目标。3 应用现状及其前景数控车床技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，它对国计民生的一些重要行业(IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等)的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。研究内容数控机床的进给部件的X、Z轴的系统设计及研究。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析1 任务内容及参数任务内容：通过对数控车床应用现状和发展趋势综述，对数控车床进给部件及其相关零件设计方案进行论证。根据相关参数，对数控车床进给部件结构及其零件结构进行设计，了解数控车床的数控系统，对数控车床进给部件的强度和刚度进行校核，根据校核结果，修正进给部件的有关部件。原始条件及数据：1)X轴行程750mm 2）Z轴行程：300mm 3）X、Z轴伺服马达：0.9kw、0.9kw 4）最大加工径：200mm 5）最大加工长：750mm2 整体结构设计布局传动方式的选择 滚珠丝杠的设计 导轨研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：教师下达毕业设计任务，学生初步阅读资料，完成毕业设计开题报告。2013年1月21日-2013年3月1日：指导毕业实习。2013年3月4日-2013年3月15日：确定总设计方案。2013年3月18日-2013年3月22日：总体设计（包括参数计算及结构分析计算）。2013年3月25日-2013年4月5日：总体设计（完成参数计算及结构分析计算后绘制草图：装配图）。2013年4月8日-2013年4月26日：零件设计。2013年4月29日-2013年5月20日：毕业论文说明书撰写和修改工作。预期成果：跟紧老师的脚步，认真的完成每一步设计，在学业将要完成之时，我将大幅提高我在数控区域研究能力，将会成为一名优秀的数控技术工作者。特色或创新之处对X、Z轴的全方位研究与设计已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题我已学习数控专业三年之久，掌握了一些这专业的部分知识，老师也给了一些参照资料，可以进行这方面的研究。尚需解决的问题：（1）进给部件结构及零件结构的设计对各部件之间连接方法和传动方式的选择。数控车床进给部件对于定位精度、快速响应性、稳定性等方面有较高要求。（2）进给部件的强度刚度校核需要对进给部件的强度和刚度有保证，满足工作时的受力要求，需要进行校核计算。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文On the NC latheCNC machine tool numerical control machine tools (Computer numerical control machine tools) abbreviation, is provided with a program control system of automatic machine tools. The logic control system can deal with the control code or other symbolic instruction specified program, and decoding the digital code, said information carrier, through the numerical control device input. After processing by CNC device control signals, control the machine movements, by drawing the shape and size requirements, will be automatically processed by the parts.Features: CNC machine tool operation and monitoring of all completed in the numerical control unit, it is the brain of CNC machine tools. Compared with the general machine tools, CNC machine tools has the following characteristics: the processing object adaptability, adapt to the characteristics of mold products such as a single production, provide the appropriate processing method for die and mould manufacturing; high machining accuracy, processing with stable quality; can coordinate linkage, processing complex shape parts; machining parts change, only need to change the program, can save the preparation time of production; the machine itself high precision, rigidity, can choose the amount of processing good, high productivity (35 times as common machine);The machine is a high degree of automation, reducing labor intensity; conducive to the production management modernization. The use of CNC machine tools and the standard code of digital information processing, information transmission, the use of computer control method, has laid the foundation for the integration of computer aided design, manufacturing and management; on the operators of higher quality, higher demands for the repair of the technical staff; high reliability.Composition: CNC machine tools in general by the input medium, man-machine interactive equipment, CNC equipment, feed servo drive system, spindle servo drive system, the auxiliary control device, feedback apparatus and adaptive control device etc. 4 in NC machining, NC milling processing is the most complex, need to solve most problems. NC programming of NC line in addition to CNC milling, cutting, CNC EDM, CNC lathe, CNC grinding, each with its own characteristics, servo system is the role of the motion signal is converted into the machine moving parts from the numerical control device of pulse. Concrete has the following parts: the structure of CNC machine tools.Driver: he is driving parts of CNC machine tools, actuator, including spindle drive unit, feeding unit, spindle motor and feed motor. He through the electric or electro-hydraulic servo system to realize the spindle and feed drive under the control of numerical control device. When several feed linkage, can complete the positioning, processing line, plane curve and space curve.The main performance(1) the main dimensions.(2) the spindle system.(3) feed system.(4) tool system.(5) electrical. Including the main motor, servo motor specifications and power etc.(6) cooling system. Including the cooling capacity, cooling pump output.(7) dimensions. Expressed as length * width * height.Development trend of CNC lathe:High speed, precision, complex, intelligent and green is the general trend in the development of CNC machine tool technology, in recent years, made gratifying achievements in practicality and industrialization. Mainly in the:1 machine tool composite technology to further expand with the CNC machine tool technology, composite processing technology matures, including milling - car compound, car milling compound, car - boring - drill - gear cutting compound, composite grinding, forming, composite processing, precision and efficiency of machining is greatly improved. One machine is a processing factory, one card, complete processing concept is being accepted by more people, the development of compound processing machine tool is the trend of diversified.Intelligent technology 2 CNC machine tools have a new breakthrough, in the performance of NC system has been reflected more. Such as: automatically adjust the interference anti-collision function, after the power of workpiece automatically exit safety power-off protection function, machining parts detection and automatic compensation function of learning, high precision machining parts intelligent parameter selection function, process automatic elimination of machine vibration functions into the practical stage, intelligent upgrade the function of machine and quality.The 3 robots enable flexible combination of flexible combination of higher efficiency of robot and the host are widely used, make flexible line more flexible, extending the function, flexible line shorten further, more efficient. Robot and machining center, milling composite machine, grinder, gear processing machine tool, tool grinding machine, electric machine, sawing machine, punching machine, laser cutting machine, water cutting machine etc. various forms of flexible unit and flexible production line has already begun the application.4 precision machining technology has the machining precision of CNC metal cutting machine tools from the yarn in the original (0.01mm) up to micron level (0.001mm), some varieties has reached about 0.05 M. Micro cutting and grinding machining of ultra precision CNC machine tools, precision can reach about 0.05 m, shape precision can reach about 0.01 M. Special processing precision by using optical, electrical, chemical, energy can reach nanometer level (0.001 m). By optimizing the design of machine tool structure, machine tool parts of ultra precision machining and precision assembly, using high precision closed loop control and temperature, vibration and other dynamic error compensation technology, improve the geometric accuracy of machine tool processing, reduce the shape of error, surface roughness, and into the submicron, nano super finishing tiThe 5 functional component to improve the performance of functional components are at a high speed, high precision, high power and intelligent direction, and obtain the mature application. A full digital AC servo motor and drive device, high technology content of the electric spindle, linear motor, torque motor, linear motion components with high performance, application of high precision spindle unit and other function parts, greatly improving the technical level of CNC machine tools.The feed drive system of CNC lathe:Effect of feed drive system,The feed drive system of CNC machine tools will be received pulse command issued by the numerical control system, and the amplification and conversion machine movements carry the expected movement.Two, the feeding transmission system requirementsIn order to guarantee the machining accuracy of NC machine tool is high, the feed drive system of transmission accuracy, sensitivity high (fast response), stable work, high stiffness and friction and inertia small, service life, and can remove the transmission gap.Category three, feed drive system1, stepping motor servo systemGenerally used for NC machine tools.2, DC servo motor servo systemPower is stable, but because of the brush, the wear resulting in use need to change. Generally used for middle-grade CNC machine tools.3, AC servo motor servo systemThe application is extremely widespread, mainly used in high-end CNC machine tools.4, the linear motor servo systemNo intermediate transmission chain, high precision, the feed speed, no length limit; but the poor heat dissipation, protection requirements are particularly high, mainly used for high-speed machine.Driving component four, feed system1, the ball screw nut pairNC machining, the rotary motion into linear motion, so the use of screw nut transmission mechanism. NC machine tools are commonly used on the ball screw, as shown in Figure 1-25, it can be a sliding friction into rolling friction, meet the basic requirements of the feed system to reduce friction. The transmission side of high efficiency, small friction, and can eliminate the gap, no reverse air travel; but the manufacturing cost is high, can not lock, size is not too big, generally used for linear feed in small CNC machine tool.2, rotary tableIn order to expand the scope of the process of NC machine tools, CNC machine tools in addition to make linear feed along the X, Y, Z three coordinate axes, often also need a circumferential feed movement around Y or Z axis. Circular feed motion of CNC machine tools in general by the rotary table to realize, for machining center, rotary table has become an indispensable part of.Rotary table of commonly used CNC machine tools in the indexing table and NC rotary table.(1) indexing tableIndexing table can only finish dividing movement, not circular feed, it is in accordance with the instructions in the NC system, when indexing will work together with the workpiece rotation angle. When indexing can also use manual indexing. Provisions of indexing table is generally only rotary angle (such as 90, 60 and 45 degree).(2) NC rotary tableNC rotary table appearance similar to the indexing table, but the internal structure and function is not the same. The main function of the NC rotary table is based on the numerical control device sends command pulse signal, complete circumferential feed movement, various arc processing and surface processing, it can also be graduation work.3, guideRail is an important part of feed drive system, is one of the basic elements of the structure of machine tool, rigidity, precision and accuracy of NC machine tool which determines to a large extent retention. At present, guide the NC machine tool are sliding rail, rolling guideway and hydrostatic guideway.(1) sliding guideSliding guide rail has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, good stiffness, vibration resistance and high performance, widely used in CNC machine tools, the use of most metal plastic form, known as the plastic guide rail, as shown in figure 1-26.On characteristics of the plastic sliding guide: friction characteristic is good, good wear resistance, stable movement, good manufacturability, low speed.(2) rolling guideRolling guide is placed in the rail surface between the ball, roller or needle roller, roller, the rolling friction instead of sliding surface of the guide rail between wipe.Rolling guide rail and the sliding rail, high sensitivity, small friction coefficient, and the dynamic, static friction coefficient is very small, so the motion is uniform, especially in the low speed movement, the stick-slip phenomenon is not easy to occur; high positioning accuracy, repeatability positioning accuracy is up to 0.2 m; traction force is small, wear small, portable in movement; good precision, long service life. But the vibration of rolling guide, high requirements on protection, complicated structure, difficult manufacture, high cost.Automatic tool changer:One, the function of automatic tool changerAutomatic tool changing device can help save the auxiliary time of CNC machine tools, and meet in an installation completed procedure, step processing requirements.Two, on the requirement of automatic tool changerNumerical control machine tool for automatic tool changer requirement is: tool change quickly, time is short, high repetitive positioning accuracy, tool storage capacity is sufficient, small occupation space, stable and reliable work.Three, change the knife form1, rotary cutter replacementIts structure is similar to the ordinary lathe turret saddle, according to the processing of different objects can be designed into square or six angle form, consists of the NC system sends out the instruction to the rotary cutter.2, the replacement of the spindle head tool changeThe spindle head pre-loaded required tools, in order to machining position, the main motor is switched on, drives the cutter to rotate. The advantage of this method is that eliminates the need for automatic clamping, cutting tool, clamping and cutting tool moving and a series of complex operation, reduce tool change time, improveThe ATC reliability.3, the use of changing toolThe processing required tools are respectively arranged in the standard tool, adjust the size of the machine after certain way add to the knife, the exchange device from the knife and the spindle take knife switch.Four, the tool switching deviceAutomatic tool change device, device for knife library and the main shaft transmission and handling tool for tool exchange device. Tool exchange often have two kinds: mechanical hand tool exchange and by relative motion of knife and machine tool spindle exchange tool (knife to spindle forThe knife or the spindle motion to the knife knife tool change position), the mechanical hand tool change is most common.Five, the knifeThe knife is one of the most important parts in automatic tool changer, have great influence on the overall design of NC machine tool and its capacity, layout and structure.1, the capacity of the tool storageA number of knife inventory cutters, generally depending on the processing requirements. The capacity of small knife, can not meet the processing needs; capacity is too large, will make the knife database size, covers an area of large, tool selection process for a long time, and the knife library utilization rate is low, the structure is too complex, causing great waste. 2, the knife typeGenerally, the chain disc and drum type knife several.Disc cutter tool was circular arrangement, low utilization of space, size is not large but simple structure.Chain magazine compact structure, large capacity, link shape can also be random bed made of various forms and flexible layout, but also will change the cutter location prominent for tool change, widely used.Drum type or lattice type knife, covers an area of small, compact structure, large capacity, but cutter selection, tool movements are complicated, for centralized knife system for FMS.3, tool selectionOften order tool selection and random selection tool two.The order of tool selection is before processing, the processing required tools to process sequence of insert knife knife, order not wrong, processing adjust knife in order. The work piece changes, the need to reset the tool sequence, the operation is simple, and the processing tool with a workpiece can not be repeated use.A knife is the cutting tool has its own code, optional and can be repeatedly used in processing, also do not put in the fixed knife, knife, the knife is convenient.Technology file is the guiding file workers during processing, process scheme is reasonable, not only affect the efficiency of NC machining, and will directly affect the machining quality. Therefore, before NC programming, NC machining process follows the process of certain principles and combined with the characteristics of CNC lathe seriously and develop in detail the good parts.In the CNC lathe processing parts, should according to the principle of dividing process concentrated, in a fixture as far as possible to complete the most or even all of the surface processing. Part positioning, according to the structure of different shapes, usually cylindrical, face or end clamping, and strive to design basis, process reference and programming the unification datum.The main contents are: analysis of NC machining technology of part drawings, clear pro