Unit 10 Emotions and Health.doc

Unit 10 Emotions and HealthUseful information The relationship between emotions and healthEver since the time of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), the founder of modern psychiatry, experts have felt there is a strong relationship between emotions and health. Freud said certain physical needs must be met to maintain mental health. These include physical safety, food, and, especially, sexual gratification(欲望满足). He also said that a poor emotional adjustment can cause psychosomatic(由恐惧、焦虑引起身心失调的) illnesses. These are illnesses with real physical symptoms but no physical cause.More recent psychologists have continued Freuds theme of the meeting of needs, but have defined them more flexibly. A good example is Abraham Maslow(1908-1970) who says that human needs can be arranged in a pyramid with the most basic needs at the bottom and self-actualization(自我实现) at the top. Among the most basic needs would be health and nutrition, along with clothing, housing, etc. Until these needs are satisfied one cannot address the needs at the next level, which includes safety and security. The third and fourth levels include affiliation and self-esteem. Only after the first four levels are fulfilled can one pursue the objective of self-actualization.Another approach to the relation of emotions and health is the study of stress and its management or control. The pioneering researcher in this field was Dr. Hans Selye(1907-1982). According to Selye, the main causes of stress are change and uncertainty. So a day spent going frantically from one activity to another is likely to be very stressful, while an equally busy day full of wholesome activities on a predictable schedule might be quite satisfying. We each need a certain amount of stress just to avoid boredom, which is also a source of stress. Stress may be either physical or emotional, but usually it is a combination of the two. Proper diet, exercise, and sleep can also be helpful in the handling of stress. Modern medicine uses many drugs that address the symptoms rather than the causes of mental or physical complaints. But when people are overmedicated they may not receive the signals their mind or body is trying to send, hence ignoring the causes of the problem. Sometimes the “cure” actually makes the problem worse, or causes a new problem such as addiction to prescription drugs. So some experts now advocate a return to more traditional methods which permit the body and the psyche to restore their own natural balance without so much reliance on intrusive medications. Some expressionsphysical and mental health 身心健康 subhealth 亚健康亚健康状态也称“第三状态”, 也称灰色状态。一般人常常认为，人只有健康和患病之分。但新的医学研究表明，人体健康与患病之间还存在着一个过渡的中间状态，即第三状态。世界卫生组织对健康下的定义:健康是一种身体、精神和交往上的完美状态而不只是身体无病。 根据这一定义，研究人员经过调查发现在一般人群中真正患病和完全健康者不足2/3，还有1/3 以上人群处于第三状态。这些人主要表现有:食欲不振、易怒、头痛、疲乏失眠等，这些症状往往困惑着人们的正常生活。 aerobics 有氧运动 可提高机体的摄氧量，增进心肺功能，是达到健康效应的最佳方式。包括步行（散步、快走）、慢跑、打球、游泳、爬山、骑自行车、健身操、太极拳等。有氧运动特点是强度低、有节奏、不中断和持续时间长。同举重、赛跑、跳高、跳远、投掷等具有爆发性的非有氧运动相比较，有氧运动是一种恒常运动，是持续5分钟以上还有余力的运动。healthy eating 健康饮食Part One PreparationAsk some students to use body language and gestures to convey certain emotions such as joy, anger, anxiety, sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, nervousness, despair, awkwardness, etc., and the other students to guess the emotions expressed. Learn about the students understanding of good health, and discuss about what determines health.A good wife and health is a mans best wealth. Fuller 富勒Part Two Reading-centered ActivitiesNew words and expressions 1. bacteria: bacterium 的复数形式 datum - data 资料，数据curriculum - curricula 课程联想：criterion - criteria 标准phenomenon - phenomena 现象 扩展: antibacterial 抗菌的；抗菌剂 antibiotic 抗生素2. diverse 不同的, 相异的；多种多样的；含有各种不同成分的 My sister and I have diverse ideas on how to raise children.在怎样养育孩子的问题上，姐姐与我有迥然不同的看法。The programme deals with subjects as diverse as pop music and ancient Greek drama.这档节目涉及从流行音乐到古希腊戏剧形形色色的题材。There are a great diversity of ways of approaching the problem. 解决这个问题有各种不同的方法。America is called “melting pot” by people of other countries partly because of its language diversity 美国被别的国家的人们称之为“熔炉”的部分原因是由于其语言的多样性。A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds. 3. hostile 敌人的，敌方的；不友好的 a hostile army 敌军to be hostile to ones suggestions反对的观点a hostile environment 逆境a hostile glance 含敌意地一瞥 The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.4. immune: 免除的；不受影响的；免疫的Nobody is immune to criticism.谁都难免受批评。A full life is immune against boredom. 充实的生活无烦腻之虞。Many joint ventures in that city could be immune from taxation. 那个城市的很多合资企业能够享受免税待遇。Many animals are immune to such terrible virus as HIV. 很多的动物对HIV这样可怕的病毒具有免疫力。 The local government should offer sufficient immune serum (血清) to the quake-stricken regions. 当地政府应该向地震灾区提供充足的免疫血清。 5. newlywed new-born 新生的；新生儿 new-rich 暴发户new-come 新来的 new-fallen snow 刚下的雪6.release Thanks to diplomatic efforts, all the Chinese hostages had already been released by the Iraqi kidnappers由于外交努力，所有的中国人质都已经被伊拉克绑匪释放。 A soldier should not release his hold of his rifle on battlefield at any time. 一个战士在任何时候都应该在战场上握紧自己的枪。 The Beatles released their first single record, Love Me Do, in October 1962. 7. reverse the obverse and the reverse of a coin 硬币的正反面 the reverse：相反情况The truth is just the reverse. 事实恰好相反。You may think we have been making a profit, but in fact the reverse is the case. 你可能以为这一阵子我们赚了钱，可实际上情况正好相反。 In-class Reading1. Finish the organization of the text (P349)2. The secrets of good health Exercise, eat right, dont smoke and keep peace of mind.合理膳食，适量运动，戒烟限酒，心理平衡。（洪昭光，卫生部首席健康教育专家）3. Sentence analysis1) (Line 16-19) In one study involving newlywed couples, for example, those who showed hostile behavior during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune functioning for the 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less negative behavior. 下划线部分为该句主干，两个who 引导的定语从句分别修饰those 和people，lower than 比较结构。2) (Line 30-32)There are studies showing that by employing certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer.下划线部分为该句主干，showing 为分词结构修饰studies, 后接一that 引导的宾语从句，从句的主干为cancer patients can live longer. 这个从 句中又有一个that 引导的定语从句修饰techniques. 3) (Line 42-43)The key is to find one youre comfortable with and then do it regularly. 介词的用法类似的结构Line 57-58When you have someone who loves you and cares about you to share problems and feelings with.4）Line 59-62Another interesting study has shown that the more diverse your social network, the better, that people who have a number of different social relationships have a lower risk of getting colds than those with fewer.下划线部分为句子主干，两个that 引导的从句作了show 的宾语，第一个从句中，the morethe better 结构；第二个从句中,比较级结构，又包含一个Who引导的定语从句，修饰people。5）翻译课文最后一段。After-class readingsNew words:clarify 澄清 clarification 联想： identify identificationqualify qualificationclassify classification simplify simplification Passage 2 Line 15-24Research indicates that children raised with emotion coaching that encourages healthy emotional development:-1) are more self-confident;该句很长，会干扰学生理解。句子主干为Research indicates that children are more self-confident, 。下划单线的部分是定语，修饰children, 下划双线的部分是定语从句，修饰emotion coaching。 长难句分析： 长难句是阅读中的一大难关，关键是要能找出长句的主干。试分析下列句子。 1. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. 参考译文 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前 所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥-这些换来的就是这个疾病滋生的水 库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。2。 2. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 参考译文 在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：音乐不是 社会问题的原因，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克 斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。3. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 参考译文 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人-包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至 要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。4. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming. 参考译文 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招 。5. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. 参考译文 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。6. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人-这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。7. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that al