光合作用的多样性假说.doc

photosynthesis diversity and nitrogen fixation system hypothesisTIAN Xiao-Yan(Shenyang Agriculture University Food Institute, Liaoning Province Shenyang,110161, in China)MAbstract This hypothesis inspirations come from , author considers that flower and fruit also can carry out photosynthesis, anthocyanidins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and so on, are their photosynthetic products. These photosynthetic products possess more advanced energy comparing with starch of chlorophyll photosynthetic products. These photosynthetic products are difficult to be reduced to produce energy, they only can enter the corresponding eight extra channels to regulate normal function of corresponding organs, thus illustrate the relationship between colors and the internal organs. These photosynthetic products either are the precursor of organizational structure, or are regulators, or are scavengers. While author also considers that plants possess nitrogen fixation system universally. Photosynthesis is the conversion of energy from the Sun to chemical energy (sugars) by green plants. The fuel for ecosystems is energy from the Sun. Sunlight is captured by green plants during photosynthesis and stored as chemical energy in carbohydrate molecules. This photosynthesis conception is accepted universally, but recently, Author finds that photosynthesis existing various forms. Photosynthetic system includes light reaction system and carbon reaction system. Perhaps photosynthesis exists four forms in nature. Firstly, green color system photosynthesis system, that is chlorophyll; secondly, red color system photosynthesis system, includes pink, red, blue, purple, and so on, the main substance is anthocyanidin, of course, also including beet red pigment or other pigments, such as Crocins, lycopene, astaxanthin, capsorubin, capsanthin, betaine; thirdly, yellow color system photosynthesis system, includes annatto, carotenol, carotenoid, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, neoxanthin, papaverine, berberine, beet yellow pigment and some flavonoids; fourthly, white color system photosynthesis system, includes some flavonoids. Photosynthesis organs not only include green or color leaf and stem, but also include flower and fruit. Concept in the past, the flower and fruit are heterotrophic organ, not for photosynthesis. But author find flower and fruit also can carry out photosynthesis. For example, anthocyanidin is a giant - conjugate molecule, it can absorb Uv to produce high energy electrons, and during transmiting, giant - conjugate framework results high energy electrons producing heat to dissipate high energy, then the lower energy electrons are transmited to light reaction system for photosynthesis. Green leaves photosynthesis product is starch, while flower photosynthesis products are anthocyanidins or some carotenoids or flavonoids or aromatic substances. Flower or fruit photosynthesis by comparison with leaf chlorophyll photosynthesis is different, while contacting each other. Because some colored-leaf plants, along with the environment change, leaf color transforms between green and color. Anthocyanidin, carotenoid, lycopene, flavonoids and other substances, in vivo, connect for a particular larger molecules, they like a colorful umbrella cover over the photosynthetic systems, protect photosynthetic system normal running function.Starch possessing numerous OH- and H+ as a energy storing form is easily digested, while anthocyanidin possessing more advanced energy form is difficultly digested for human. OH, H+ are the basic energy unit. The free OH- and H+ generate power by electric potential difference, while the common binding OH- and H+ through glucose accomplish energy reserve and transform. Glucose is the most direct and simple energy form, while many flavonoids, anthocyanidin, carotenol and carotenoid, and so on, are the more complex and more advanced energy forms. All these high energy substances perhaps just are induced by high energy Uv.Many flavonoids have medicinal properties, author consider that just its advanced energy form can cure corresponding disease. Flavonoids generation mechanism can give us some enlightenment. Flavonoids generation has connection with adversity and reproduction. Plants under stress conditions, in order to survive to self-defense, generate flavonoids and other substances, these substances just like a gun soldier, protect our homes and defend our country, they have a higher energy form. Flowers and fruits belonging to reproductive category. Inheritance of life need more advanced energy forms, so generate flavonoids, carotenoids and other aromatic substances to attract the attention of bees and butterflies for pollination or for seed dispersal, anthocyanidin also belongs to flavonoids. Because of these substances with high energy, they cannot be used as a staple food to eat a lot. High energy characteristic perhaps is one reason for some medicine side effect. Several phenomena observed:2013-3-12 figure1 2013-3-14 figure2 2013-3-11 figure3 2013-4-1 figure4This in vitro moth orchid purchased in the market on March 8, 2013, its pruned specific date may be even earlier. Only use tap drinking water to feed it, change the water every day, and cut back stem end 1 cm to remove the bad part every day, to ensure the normal supply of water. This in vitro moth orchid had five green buds and six flowers. On March 10, 2013, the top 4 green buds off on their own, continue to support them in the water, on March 12th, turned into the purple bud, as shown in figure 1-2. On March 11th the last bud blooming, changed from green to purple, as shown in figure 3. On March 20th, one after another five flowers out of bloom. On April 1st, two flowers still comed into bloom full of vigor, in vitro their survival has been 25 days, as shown in figure 4.The experimental phenomenon shows that the flowers can be autotrophic. Anthocyanidin can carry on the photosynthesis, produce anthocyanidin and energy to sustain life. 2013-3-16 figure5 2013-3-20 figure6 2013-3-25 figure7 2013-3-16 figure8 2013-3-19 figure9 2013-3-20 figure10 2013-3-21 figure 11 2013-3-25 figure12The two lilies in vitro purchased in the market on March 16, 2013, its pruned specific date may be even earlier. Only use tap drinking water to feed it, change the water every day, cut off all the leaves and cut back stem end 1 cm to remove the bad part every day, to ensure the normal supply of water. The three buds of pink lily comed into bloom On March 20, 2013, the first pink lily flower was out of bloom on March 26th, as shown in figure5-7. The first white lily fllower comed into bloom on March 19th, the last bud comed into bloom on March 25th, as shown in figure 8-12. The first white lily flower was out of bloom on March 26th. Table 1 buds or petals length changes during the period unit:cm date 3-16 3-17 3-18 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-24 3-25 extending lengthWhite lily 1 9.7 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.4 13.0 13.2 13.5* 3.8 2 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.5 13.0 13.5* 13.7 14.0 14.0 14.0 2.73 12.7 13.0 13.3 13.5 14.0* 14.5 14.5 14.2 14.0 14.0 1.8 4 12.1 12.5 13.0 13.2* 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.3 13.0 13.0 1.4Pink lily 5 12.0 12.3 12.8 13.1 13.4* 13.6 13.8 13.8 13.6 13.2 1.8 6 12.0 12.3 12.7 13.1 13.5* 13.5 13.7 14.0 14.0 14.0 2.0 7 12.5 12.8 13.0 13.5* 13.8 13.8 13.7 13.3 13.3 13.0 1.3* the date of bud comed into bloomBud 1 under tap water culture, comed into bloom after 10 days, the length of growing up from 9.7cm to 13.5cm; bud 2 length of growing up from 11.3cm to 14.0cm; bud 3 length of growing up from 12.7cm to 14.5cm; bud 4 length of growing up from 12.1cm to 13.5cm; bud 5 length of growing up from 12.0cm to 13.8cm; bud 6 length of growing up from 12.0cm to 14.0cm; bud 7 length of growing up from 12.5cm to 13.8cm. no leaves, how did they grow up? And how did they come into bloom? Just under tap water culture. Energy comes from where?The experimental phenomenon again shows that the flowers can be autotrophic. Anthocyanidin can carry on the photosynthesis, produce anthocyanidin and other carbohydrate to sustain life. The growth of life is inseparable from the enzymes, Just under tap water culture, proteins come from where?2013-3-25 figure 13The peperomiate trophylla is cultured under tap drinking water, above red line, the part leaves is newborn. Leaves possess the capable of photosynthesis to generate carbohydrates and energy, but, the proteins as enzymes come from where? 78% nitrogen in the air is of no effect for the vas