高考英语动词时态语态复习.ppt

EnglishBasicTenses 时态 他昨天来了 他已经来了 他明天来 汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生 而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现 任何句子都要先注意时态 Hecameyesterday Hehascome Hewillcometomorrow 一般过去时 TheSimplePastTense 一般现在时 TheSimplePresenttense 一般将来时 TheSimpleFutureTense 现在进行时 ThePresentContinuousTense 过去进行时 ThePastContinuousTense 现在完成时 ThePresentPerfectTense 过去完成时 ThePastPerfectTense 过去将来时 TheSimplePastFutureTense Howdidyouspendyourchildhood 3sentencesormore 使用实意动词和系动词 注意动词形式变化 Example I spend mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends Wealways play footballandbasketballtogetherandwe not havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow We be happyatthattime spent played didn t were 一般过去时 TheSimplePastTense 1 结构 谓动用动词过去式2 用法 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用 如yesterday lastweek anhourago in1982等 Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent 3sentencesormore 使用实意动词和系动词 注意动词形式变化 二 一般现在时 ThePresentIndefinite 1 结构 主语为第三人称单数 谓动要变化 其余人称用原形 IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates butsometimesImissmyfamilies 2 用法 1 经常性或习惯性的动作 常与表示频率的时间状语连用 如often usually every sometimes at onSunday 2 表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理 Theearthmovesaroundthesun 3 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态 一般用于be come go start begin leave arrive return等动词中 常与时间状语连用 如 Themeetingstartsat2 00p m Dadsaidtome Iwillbuyacomputerforyouifyoucanpasstheexam Dadtoldme that he buy acomputerformeifIcouldpasstheexam wouldbuy 过去将来时 ThepastfuturesimpleTense 1 用法 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态 常用于宾语从句中 2 结构 Should would 动词原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly 2 其他形式 was were goingtowas were to 动词原形was were aboutto 犹如 picture HowwillyouspendyourSpringFestivalholiday Iwill I mgoingto 三 一般将来时 TheSimpleFutureTense will begoingtodo 2 be todo 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 Wearetohaveanexamthisweek 3 beabouttodo 表示马上做某事 不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用 HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing Whataretheydoingnow Theyarehavingaclass 四 现在进行时 ThePresentContinuousTense 2 用法 1 表示现在 指说话时 正在发生的事情 WearehavingEnglishclassnow 2 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作 但说话时动作未必正在进行 SheislearningpianounderMr Smith 1 结构 be am are is doing 3 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作 多用于表示移动的动词 如 come go start arrive leave stay I mleavingtomorrow Areyoustayingheretillnextweek OnAugust8 2008 the29thOlimpicGameswasopeninginBeijing Whatwereyoudoingonthatday 五 过去进行时 ThePastContinuousTense 1 结构 was were doing2 用法 表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态 常用的时间状语attenyesterday fromninetotenlastevening when while English boringorfunny Q1 HowoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish Q2 HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish A WehavelearntEnglishformanyyearssincewewere6yearsold 六 现在完成时 ThepresentPerfectTense 1 结构 have has 过去分词2 用法 1 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始 一直延续到现在的动作或状态 通常用于延续性动词 常与表示延续性的时间状语连用 如 sofar uptonow recently inthepast6years since for 等等 IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years 2 表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常用的时间状语有 just already yet ever never once等等 Wehavefinishedourlunchalready Haveyouevertriedthismethod 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态 不涉及对现在的影响 现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在 或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响 MyfamilylivedinZhuhaitenyearsago 现在不在了 MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years 目前还在珠海 2 过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用 而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 IstudiedinZhongshanuniversityin2000 2000年表示具体的过去时间 IhavestudiedinZhongshanuniversitysince2000 since2000表示从2000年至今 包括现在在内 Ihavejustboughtanapartment just表示不确定的时间状语 注意 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用 即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的 Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth 错 Ihaven treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth 对 比较since和for since 时间点 用来说明动作起始时间for 时间段 用来说明动作延续时间长度 Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn 七 过去完成时 ThepastperfectTense 结构 had 过去分词概念 表示过去的过去 过去之前过去现在将来 Yougraduated 毕业 fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2009 Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated Whenthepolicearrived thethieves runaway WhenIcameintotheclassroom mydearstudents begin reading hadrunaway hadbegun ExercisesIusually upat6 00 butyesterdayI upat7 00andtomorrowI upat6 30 get Listen Someone knock atthedoor I be inBeijingfortwoyears Howoften Andy surf theinternet Hefellasleepwhilehe read abook groupcompetition get willget got isknocking havebeen does surf wasreading 6 I never hear ofthatmanbefore 7 Mybrotheroften go forwalkslastsummer 8 Lilysaidshe put onthenewdressthenextday 9 thestory happen inLondonin1949 10 What hismother do whenheopenedthedoor have heard went would Did happen was doing 11 Ifit notrain tomorrow they go fishing 12 yourmother thepianoeverySunday 13 They not callyouthedayaftertomorrow 14 Tom work theresincetwoyearsago 15 BythetimeI walk intotheclassroom theteacher start teaching doesn train willgo Does hasworked won t walked hadstarted play JennyJenny be aforeigngirl She come fromtheUnitedStates Look she draw picturesinthelivingroom Twoyearsago herparents move toChina Jenny nothave anyfriends soshe feel lonely Butnow she have manyChinesefriendsand study withthemeveryday Jenny visit hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth is comes isdrawing moved didn thave felt has studies willvisit anemptystreetanemptyhouseaholeinsideheartI mallaloneandtheroomsaregettingsmallerIwonderhowiwonderwhyIwonderwheretheyarethedayswehadthesongswesangtogetherandoh mylove I mholdingonforeverreachingforalovethatseemssofarsoisayalitterprayernomydreamwilltakemetherewheretheskiesarebluetoseeyouonceagainmylove OnegoodturndeservesanotherI have dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein Tony work inalawyer sofficeyearsago buthe work atabanknow He get agoodsalary buthealways borrow moneyfromhisfriendsandnever pay itback Tony see meand come and sit atthesametable He never borrow moneyfromme Whilehe eat I ask himtolendmetwentypounds Tomysurprise he give methemoneyimmediately Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou Tonysaid sonowyoucanpayformydinner washaving worked isworking asked saw came has sat gave waseating borrows gets pays borrowed 动词的语态 voice 动词的语态 语态有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态 Wewatchedafilmlastnight Idrinkmilkeveryday Afilm Milk Summary 总结 is was done p p Present pastsimple 一般现在 过去时 waswatchedbyuslastnight isdrunkbymeeveryday Will wouldbedone新电脑下周将投入使用 Thenewcomputerswillbeusednextweek 妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修 Mymothertoldmethatmybikewouldberepairedthenextday Present pastfuture 一般将来时 过去将来时 am is arebeingdonewas werebeingdone中国国家大剧院正在建设当中 TheNationalOperaBuildingisbeingbuiltatpresent Present pastprogressive 现在进行时 过去进行时 has havebeendonehadbeendone这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决 Theproblemhasbeenwellsolved 昨天晚上我到超市的时候 牛奶已经卖完了 ThemilkhadbeensoldwhenIgottothesupermarketlastnight Present pastperfect 现在完成时 过去完成