《国际财经基础》PPT课件.ppt

INTERNATIONALTRADE IntroductionofInternationaltrade Howcouldyoudefineinternationaltrade Questions Whatisthedifferencebetweeninternationaltradeanddomestictrade Whataretheproblemswemighthaveininternationaltrade Whydoyouengageininternationaltrade Definitionofinternationaltrade Internationaltrade alsoknownasworldtrade foreigntradeoroverseastrade isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods TheFieldsofInternationalTrade ForeignmanufacturingThegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation tourism banking advertising constructing retailing wholesaling andmasscommunications Private inthecaseofprivatefirmsthetransactionsareforprofit Governmental government sponsoredactivitiesininternationalbusinessmayormaynothaveaprofitorientation TextP3 ForeignlanguagesForeignlaws Customsandregulations Toexpandsales Companies salesaredependentontwofactors theconsumers interestintheirproductsorservicesandthecustomers willingnessandabilitytobuythem Companiesmaytrytoincreasetheirsalesbyenteringintointernationalmarkets Toacquireresources Manufacturesanddistributorsseekoutproducts servicesandcomponentsproducedinforeigncountries Theyalsolookforforeigncapitalandtechnologiestheycanuseathome Sometimestheydothistoreducetheircosts Sometimesacompanybuysabroadinordertoacquireaservicenotreadilyavailablewithinthecompany shomecountry Todiversifysourcesandsupplies Companiesusuallyprefertoavoidwildswingsintheirsalesandprofits sotheyseekoutforeignmarketsasameanstothisend Thuswhilesalesdecreaseinonecountrythatisexperiencingarecession theyincreaseinanotherthatisundergoingrecovery Summary Benefits Thanksforyourlistening WhyDoWeNeedToHaveInternationalTrade 国会4班徐昊 ReasonsofinternationaltradeTherearevariousreasonsforconductingbusinessonaninternationalscale Tradebetweencountriesarisebecauseitistotheirmutualadvantage Ifacountryisenjoyingamonopolyistheproductionofacertaincommodity itwillhaveanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofthatcommodityoverothercountries Theothernationshavetoimportthatcommodity Internationaltradearisesbecausesomecountrieshaveacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofsomegoodsoverothergoods Thosecountriesconcentrateontheproductionofthosecommoditiesandtradeforothergoodswhichtheyneedfromothercountries Therearecountrieswhicharecapableofproducingrawmaterial Theothernationshavenootheralternativebuttoimportthem Therearemanygoodswhichcanbeproducedbysophisticatedequipment Thecountrieswhichdonothaveadvancetechnologyarecompelledtoimportsuchequipmentsfromadvancedindustrialnationsoftheworld Ifacountryexportsgoodstoothercountriesitearnsinternationalexchange Thecountryutilizesthisinternationalexchangetopaytheimportsofgoodsandmeetitsproductionanddevelopmentneeds Therearemanyspecialincentivesandprivilegeswhicharegivenbyagovernmenttoanexporter Theseprivilegesarenotavailabletoothertraders Sowecanconcludeasfollows 1 Primaryeffectsofnaturalresources2 Unequaldistributionofresources3 DifferenceinGovernmentpolicies e g Taxes 4 Supplyanddemand5 Toincreaseandbettertheeconomyofacountry Grubby 国际贸易操作流程 10国际会计四班张立锋 Ininternationaltrade productinquiryandquotationasabeginThereareseveralcommonlyusedquotation FOB CNF CIF Productname specification quantityandprice packing origin shipment termsofpaymentandsettlementway claims arbitration payment L C LetterofCredit T T TelegraphicTransfer D P DocumentagainstPayment Stockup Qualities specificationsshouldsatifiedthedemandofcontractQuantityofgoodsPreparationtime packaging GeneralexportpackingstandardSpecialexportpackingstandardPackingandshippingmark clearanceprocedure Thecustomsarecheckingtheimportedgoods Thecustomsarecheckingtheimportedgoods shippment TheportisfilledwiththecontainersThecontainerswillbeloadedtotheship Transportationinsurance FreefromParticularAverage F P A WithAverageorWithParticularAverage W AorW P A AllRisk A R Additionalrisks Settlementofexchange TELEGRAPHICTRANSFER T T DEMANDDRAFT D D MAILTRANSFER M T TheTradeProtectionism 姓名 张翔 学号 20101211010433 WhatistheTradeProtectionism TradeProtectionismistheeconomicpolicyofrestrainingtradebetweennations throughmethodssuchastariffsonimportedgoods restrictivequotas andavarietyofotherrestrictivegovernmentregulationsdesignedtodiscourageimports andpreventforeigntake overofnationalcompanies Protectionism WhatItCosts LOSTJOBSHIGHERPRICESHIGHERTAXESTHEDEBTCRISIS Protectionistlawsraisetaxes tariffs onimportedgoodsand orimposelimits quotas ontheamountofgoodsgovernmentspermittoenterintoacountry Theyarelawsthatnotonlyrestrictthechoiceofconsumergoods butalsocontributegreatlybothtothecostofgoodsandtothecostofdoingbusiness Sounder protectionism youenduppoorer withlessmoneyforbuyingotherthingsyouwantandneed Moreover protectionistlawsthatreduceconsumerspendingpoweractuallyendupdestroyingjobs IntheUSA forexample accordingtotheUSDepartmentofLabor sownstatistics protectionism destroyseightjobsinthegeneraleconomyforeveryonesavedinaprotectedindustry LOSTJOBS HIGHERPRICES JapaneseconsumerspayfivetimestheworldpriceforricebecauseofimportrestrictionsprotectingJapanesefarmers EuropeanconsumerspaydearlyforECrestrictionsonfoodimportsandheavytaxesfordomesticfarmsubsidies Americanconsumersalsosufferfromthesamedoubleburden payingsixtimestheworldpriceforsugarbecauseoftraderestrictions togivebutoneexample TheUSSemiconductorTradePact whichpressuredJapaneseproducerstocutbackproductionofcomputermemorychips causedanacuteworldwideshortageofthesewidelyusedparts Pricesquadrupledandcompaniesusingthesecomponentsintheproductionofelectronicconsumergoods invariouscountriesaroundtheworld werebadlyhurt HIGHERTAXES Protectionistlawsnotonlyforceyoutopaymoretaxesonimportedgoods butalsoraiseyourgeneraltaxesaswell ThisisbecausegovernmentsinvariablyexpandtheirCustomsDepartmentbureaucraciestoforcecompliancewiththeirnewroundsoftraderestrictions orinthecaseofNAFTA traderegulations Thesebureaucratsmustbepaid Thereisalsotheexpenseofmoreredtapeandpaperworkfortradingcompaniesandmoreharassmentofindividualtravelerspassingthroughtheborders THEDEBTCRISIS WesternBanksareowedhundredsofbillionsofdollarsbyEasternEuropeanandThirdWorldcountries TraderestrictionsbyWesterngovernments however havecutoffWesternmarketsforthesecountries makingitvirtuallyimpossibleforthemtoearnthehardcurrenciesnecessarytorepaytheirloans Thisincreasestheveryrealpossibilityofacollapseoftheworldbankingsystem Protectionism WhoGains Thosewhogainfrom protectionist lawsarespecial interestgroups suchassomebigcorporations unions andfarmers groups allofwhomwouldliketogetawaywithcharginghigherpricesandgettinghigherwagesthantheycouldexpectinafreemarketplace THELOSERS YOUandallotherordinaryconsumers Yourfreedomisbeingtrampledintothedustbytheselaws andyouareliterallybeingrobbed throughtaxesandhigherprices inordertolinethepocketsofafewpolitically privileged fatcats TheSolution FreeTrade Thereisnodoubtthatfreetradeisthemosteffectivewaytopreventtheprotectionism Therearesomecharectersoffreetradeasfollows allowseachcountryunrestrictedflowofgoods freetradeisazerotariff turnsouttobeinexpensive anarrayofgoodsavailabletoconsumers HOWTOPROTECTINTERNATIONALTRADE 10国会四班陶祥 Tradebarriersintotariffbarriersandnon tariffbarriers Tariffbarrierstointernationaltrade 1 theimpactonworldtrade 2 impactonthecommoditystructureanddirectionofthegeographical3 impactoncommodityprices productionandmarketing 4 impactonthetradebalanceandthebalanceofpayments Butitmustbepointedoutthatthevariouseffectsoftheseconditionscomeasthesituationoccurs ifthecircumstanceschange theimpactoftariffsoninternationaltradewillalsochange Theimpactsofnon tariffbarriersoninternationaltradeareasfollows 1 non tariffbarrierswillhinderthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade 2 non tariffbarriersininternationaltradehavechangedthedirectionofcommoditystructureandgeography JoiningtheWTOhasthefollowing5 pointadvantages 1 ItwillhelptoimproveChina sinternationaltradeenvironment andpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade Chinahasgainedmoremultilateralcountries benefitafteritsjoinintheWTO Themultilateraltradingsystemisconducivetotheexportmarketdiversification 2 ItcanmakeChinaenjoythepreferentialtreatmentofdevelopingcountryParties andtoprovideagoodopportunityforChineseforeigneconomicandtradedevelopment 3 ItwillattractmoreforeigninvestmenttoChina AfterChinajoinedtheWorldTradeOrganization manypromisingindustriesbecomeopentoforeigninvestment anditprovidednationaltreatmenttoforeign investedenterprisestomakealotofinfluxof