高中英语Unit1TalesoftheunexplainedSectionⅢGrammar——现在完成时和现在完成进行时讲义牛津译林版.docx

Section Grammar现在完成时和现在完成进行时语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟I havent seen Justin since.Detective Sam Peterson，who has taken charge of the case，told journalists，Sometimes people make up such amazing stories.From our recent survey of students，we have found that 53 per cent of the students often play sports.For centuries，people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti.Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man.This incident has received great interest due to reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.Ive been writing the composition for two hours，but I havent finished it yet.I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.1.句中均运用了现在完成时，其谓语动词的构成形式为：have/has过去分词。2.句运用了现在完成进行时，其谓语动词的构成形式为：have/hasbeen现在分词，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。3.现在完成时有两个基本用法：一是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，如句；二是表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，如句。一、现在完成时1现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。Ive forgotten his telephone number.我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了)I havent finished reading this book yet，so I cant return it to the library.这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去。常与so far，by now，up to now，since，for a long time，up till now，in the past/last few years等表示一段时间的状语连用。He has worked here for twenty years by now.到现在为止，他已经在这儿工作20年了。Up to now，we have received no letters from her.到现在为止，我们没有收到她一封信。名师点津(1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态，故可以用来表示状态的持续。(3)由since引导的时间状语中，since后面的时间名词必须是“时间点”，而不能是“时间段”；而for短语中的时间名词必须是“时间段”(有时for可省去)。Ive known him since 1980.我从1980年就认识他了。I have learnt English (for) many years.我学英语已很多年了。即时演练1用所给动词的适当形式填空The price has gone (go)down，but Im not sure whether it will remain so.All the windows have been painted (paint)，and they look new.I have read (read)many reports about the UFO recently.In the last few years，China has made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.His first novel has received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.2现在完成时的常用句型(1)It/This is the first/second/.time that主语谓语部分(常用现在完成时)(2)It has been一段时间since.(3)It/This/That is the最高级名词定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)It is the first time that Ive heard of the story about Crop Circles.这是我第一次听说麦田怪圈的故事。This is the best film(that)Ive ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。3在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.如果你做过这个实验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。4现在完成时和一般过去时的区别时态区别例句现在完成时重在强调过去的动作或状态对现在的影响，重点在现在。I have lost my new book. 我把新书弄丢了。(现在还未找到)一般过去时重在强调某个过去的动作或状态，与现在并无联系。I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书弄丢了。(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没有说明)即时演练2用所给动词的适当形式填空cleanWe cleaned the classroom just now.We have already cleaned the classroom.workI worked in the factory for 3 years，now I run a restaurant.I have worked in the factory for 3 years.Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?Well，I took (take) a test and Im waiting for the result.二、现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。They have been living here for 10 years.他们住在这里10年了。I have been waiting for you about half an hour.我等你大概半个小时了。(2)表示动作的反复性。They have been discussing the matter several times this year.他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。(3)表示某种感情色彩。I have been waiting to see you for a long time.长久以来，我一直等着见你。名师点津表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。我认识他已经好几年了。I have known him for years.()I have been knowing him for years.()即时演练3用所给动词的适当形式填空Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing (write) his essay there ever since.The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing (do) all they can over the past five hours.2现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别时态基本语法功能动作的反复感情色彩现在完成进行时表示动作的持续可表示动作的反复可表示强烈的感情色彩现在完成时表示动作对现在的影响或产生的结果不表示动作的反复一般不含有感情色彩He has written a letter.他写了一封信。(信已写好)He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。(信尚未完成)Have you met him recently?你最近见过他吗？(现实结果)Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？(动作的反复)My father has lost his keys.我父亲把钥匙丢了。(陈述事实)My father has always been losing his keys.我父亲总是丢钥匙。(“有责怪或无奈”之意)即时演练4用所给动词的适当形式填空That famous painting has been missing (miss) for two weeks now.Police have been looking (look) for it.I have been writing (write) the book，but I still havent finished (not finish) it.They have never learnt (learn) to swim.We have been looking (look) forward to our summer vacation.用所给动词的适当形式填空1Sorry，Im full.I have had (have) supper already.2Maria has been learning (learn) English for two years and she does well in it.3Li Ming went (go) abroad last year.We havent heard (not hear) from each other since then.4Hello，Tom.I have been looking (look) for you all morning.Where have you been?5We have been contributing(contribute)to the prosperity of national instruments of China with reasonable price，professional standard and high quality services.6How many unexplained stories have you heard (hear)of?7In the past few days，the detective has looked/has been looking (look) into the case.8They have been building (build) the bridge base since last week.9The boy has not shown (not show) up since he went missing.10Danny has worked (work) hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1She lives in Beijing since she came to China.liveshas lived2They are friends for 10 years.are have been3In the last ten years，many changes took place in my hometown.tookhave taken4I heard nothing from him up to now.heard前加have5His hands are very dirty，because he has painting the door.painting前加been6I have been drunk five cups of coffee this afte