GRE 机考模板.doc

TOPIC: ISSUE208 - The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a societys ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.WORDS: 392 TIME: 00:45:00 DATE: 2011-1-28 21:23:36How can we understand a society quickly? The author tells us to see one persons look, dress and acts from the society. However, I tend to partly disagree with it in that someone you can look insight from his or her appearance but someone you cannot. Moreover, to understand a society, you have many others methods including the way through its persons.Admittedly, if you are equipped with enough knowledge and smart mind, you could judge a persons attitude and interests from his or her looks, dress and acts. Then you can understand the society he or she represents. Ones appearance reflects ones characteristics and culture. For example, as we all know, the women in Arabia wear veiling all the time, no matter where they go. It can tell us these women are conserved. If you know something about the Islam, you will tell it is one of the womens requirements of the religion. And this is used to show the respect to the women. Then, you could understand the society in which the religion has great influence and the women have a high social status. Moreover, with enough knowledge and smart mind, you will know much information about their society, including the customs, rituals, economics and things like that. However, our eyes may sometimes cheat us and we are always surprised by someone. There lived someone, no matter how clever you are, you cannot tell what is real in his or her mind, let alone his/her social background. Our knowledge is mostly gained from the books or the mass media such as movies, songs, dramas. In the books or movies, a great scholar intends to have a kindly face and the great leader is always perfect. However, in the actually fact, it doesnt work all the time. To illustrate, from Socrates normal even ugly outlook, merely people can recognize the wisdom behind it. Also, not everyone believes that the gentle man Churchill had once been a drunkard. Accordingly, ones appearance may mask his or her essence, and even the society.Obviously, except through observing the person in the society, we can know the societys ideas and values by many other methods. Take the festivals for example. The festival is always celebrated for one big event or great man. Along with the event or great man, there is too often a story. This story can demonstrate you the real culture and values of one society. If you want to understand the American society, you can join one Americans family to enjoy the Thanksgiving Day. During the day, you will hear a story about where todays Americans come from and whom they thank. If you want to understand the Chinese society, you can enjoy the Chinese traditional festivals such as Mid-Autumn Day. In this festival, you will eat a traditional food called moon cake and hear a legend about a beautiful goddess in the moon called Chang e. Then you can understand why all the Chinese family members want to get together on that day.To sum up, the ways to make clear one societys ideas and values are various. You can make it through observing the appearance of one man from the society. You can also adopt some other manners such as reading some materials about the society, seeing some movies about it, attending its traditional festivals and so on. From different perspectives, you could become be much more acquainted with one society.TOPIC: ARGUMENT51 - The following appeared in a medical newsletter. Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment.WORDS: 359 TIME: 00:30:00 DATE: 2011-1-28 21:23:36In the argument above, the author concludes that all the patients with muscle strain should take antibiotics as part of their treatment. To support his conclusion, the author cites one study of two groups of patients-one group taking antibiotics during treatment restored faster than the other taking no antibiotics. The author overlooks some vital logical fallacies during reasoning and may mislead the patients to take some useless medicines.To begin with, one obviously problem with the argument is that the study chose two different doctors for the two groups and assumed they had the same efficiency. Yet it might not be the case, for a variety of possibilities. Perhaps, Dr Newland, as an expert in the sports medicine will be far better than a physician in curing the muscle train. Or perhaps, treatment time by Dr Newland is always 40 percent or more quickly than expected time and the antibiotics may do no difference or even make the treatment time longer. Without ruling such possible scenarios, we cannot rely on the study to evaluate the medicine antibiotics.In addition, even if the two doctors did the same work, we still cannot be convinced that the two groups of patients were the same and the results were tenable. On one hand, the author provides no evidence that the two groups of patients have the same injuries. It is entirely probable that neither of them were diagnosed with muscle strain. On the other hand, there are no statics about the number of the patients provided by the author. In all likelihood, the patients might not be representative of all the patients with muscle train. Maybe the patients are all with strong bodies and can be cured much more quickly. Without demonstrating more evidences about the patients, any conclusion about the effect of antibiotics cannot be drawn.Last but not least, even if the study were logically reliable, it might not necessarily to ask all the patients to take antibiotics as part of their treatment. There might be other methods for the patients to recover from the muscle train. Probably,