人教版英语选修8unit4知识点归纳.doc

高二英语集体备课主备人：温秀荣 备课地点：四楼办公室选修8 Unit 4 Pygmalion.词汇短语过关1hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇hesitant adj. 犹豫的；踌躇的；迟疑的hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事hesitate about/at/in/over (doing) sth. (做)某事犹豫不决without hesitation 毫不犹豫地2classify vt. 编排；分类；归类classify sth. by/according to 根据.分类classify sb./sth. as 把某人/物归入.类；分等级classify sb./sth. in/into. 把某人/某物归为.类3remark v. & n评论；评述；谈到remark on/upon.对.发表看法；评论.remark that.说；评论说；注意到.make(some) remarks on/upon.对.评论；评论. 4betray vt. 显露出(本来面目)，背叛，泄露(机密)betrayal n. 背叛，出卖，泄露betray sb. (to sb.) (向.)出卖.betray a secret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密betray ones trust 辜负某人的信任betray oneself 暴露本来面目，原形毕露5condemn vt. 谴责；使.注定condemn sb. sth. for/as sth. 由于.而谴责某人to sth. 把(某人)逼入(某种状态)to do sth. (某人)注定要.condemn sb.s behaviour 谴责某人的举动be condemned to 被宣告.6acquaintance n. C认识的人，熟人；U认识，有交情；了解have acquaintance with sb. 与.认识，有交情have acquaintance with sth. 对.了解make sb.s acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.与某人初次相见、结识某人on first acquaintance 初次相见时7superior adj. 优秀的；优等的；较高的；上级的n. 上级，长官be superior to sb./sth.在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高be inferior to 低于be senior to 比.年长(资深)be junior to 比.年轻(资浅)提示：以上这些词表达比较含义，常与 to连用，而不与 than连用。8overlook vt. 俯瞰；未看到；忽视；不理会即学即练8(1)The house on the hill overlooks the valley小山上的房子俯瞰着山谷。(2)He overlooked a spelling error on the first page.他没有看出第一页中有个拼写错误。(3)Ill overlook your mistake this time.这次我会原谅你的过失。辨析：overlook/ignore/neglect/omitoverlook 指应该注意而未注意，意为忽视。ignore 含有主动意味，侧重不理睬。neglect 侧重因没看到或没考虑全面而忽视。omit 遗漏，忽略，忘记，指由于疏忽而忘记，也可表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。9in terms of 就.来说，从.角度；根据，按照in terms ofwith regard to, according to, in the light ofcome to terms 和解；妥协；让步come to terms with 甘心忍受be on good/bad terms with 与.关系很好(坏)in the long/short term 从长远(眼前)来看10show.in.带/领.进来show sb. out领某人出去show sb. into领某人进入.show sb. around/round.领某人参观.show sb. to the door送某人到门口show off炫耀show up出席，到场on show在展出11fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡fade away消失，逐渐减弱；褪色fade in淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)fade up渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)die away指(声音)逐渐消逝die down指(声音)逐渐减弱，衰弱.重点句型详解1Its raining heavily now, isnt_it?现在雨下得很大，不是吗？这是一个反意疑问句，使用反意疑问句需注意以下几点：(1)反意疑问句一般结构：肯定陈述句否定的附加问句和否定陈述句肯定的附加问句。The clock is slow, isnt it?这钟慢了，对不对？We cant take the book out, can we?这些书我们不能拿出去，对吧？(2)回答这类问题时，答案是肯定的用 yes，否定的用 no。You are not going out today, are you?你今天不出去，是吧？Yes, I am. (我今天要出去)No, I am not. (我今天不出去)He wasnt there that day, was he? 他那天不在那儿，是吗？Yes, he was. (他在)No, he wasnt (他不在)(3)如果陈述部分中含有 no, never, hardly, scarcely, seldom 等词，这部分就算否定，后边要用肯定的疑问尾句。You have no classes tomorrow, have you?你明天没课，是吧？You were hardly twelve then, were you?你那时几乎不到12岁，是吧？(4)当主语为 none, everyone, somecone, no one 等时，正式语体中常用 he，非正式语体中常用 they。None of the boys can do it, can he?没有一个男孩子能做这件事，不是吗？Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they? 每个人都在晚会上玩得高兴，不是吗？(5)当主语为 nothing, something, anything, everything 等时，后面尾句的主语多用 it。即境活用1I dont think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, _？Adoes it Bdont IChasnt it Ddo I答案：A2But they betray themselves every_time they open their mouths. 但他们每次开口说话就会露馅。every time 等表示时间的短语可作为连词用，引导一个时间状语从句，这类词语还有：the instant, the moment, directly, the day, the year, next time, the first (second, third.) time 等。Youre welcome to come back any time you want to.你想什么时候回来，我们都欢迎。He called me the first time he came to Nanjing.第一次来南京时，他给我打了电话。Next time you come, youll see him.下次来时，你就会见到他。即境活用2Do not stop _ you come to a word or a phrase you do not know.Afor the first time BbecauseCevery time Dsince答案：C1.acquaintance/friend/companion(1)acquaintance熟人，相识的人；尤指在工作和事业中认识的人。(2)friend朋友；指关系密切、感情较深者。(3)companion同伴，伙伴；指共同参加某种活动或在某种情况下同甘共苦的人。应用1(1)a traveling _旅伴(2)a trusted _知已(3)a nodding _点头之交(4)a _ in despair患难之交companionfriendacquaintancecompanion2. 反意疑问句的用法应用2(1)(2009上海卷)Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _？Ahasnt she Bhas sheCisnt she Dis she答案：B解析：句中陈述部分是现在完成时的否定句，故反意疑问句选B。(2)(2009辽宁卷)Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？Aisnt he Bhasnt heCisnt it Dhasnt it答案：C解析：反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。(3)(2009河北唐山调研)The women carrying babies, come in first, _？Awill you Bwill theyCdont they Ddont you答案：A解析：该句陈述部分是祈使句，其中The women carrying babies为称呼语，故反意疑问句选A。高 效 作 业 自我测评技能备考.单词拼写1He saw the grey summit of the mountain against a b_ background of the blue sky.2Later he was for a short time a_ to France.3The part of the arm between the elbow and the shoulder is called the u_ arm.4If she marries a foreigner, will her s_ as a British citizen be affected?5I really like the a_ much better than modern art.brilliantambassadorupperstatusantique 6The _ (改编本) of the play for radio was easily done.7Two men formed a _ (阴谋) to rob the bank.8He did not _ (犹豫) to ask her to sit beside him.9_ (使人心烦的) financial problems depressed him.10This book was the _ (结局) of a tremendous amount of scientific work.adaptationplothesitateTroublesomeoutcome .单项选择1You didnt get hurt at all in the traffic accident?_. I was a lucky dog.ANo problemBI dont think soCIm afraid not DGood heavens no答案：D解析：考查交际用语的应答。对方确认一下你在交通事故中一点都没受伤？根据后面的我真幸运。(I was a lucky dog.)可知应用谢天谢地，没有。(Good heavens no.)来表示庆幸自己没遭遇不幸。2(2010孝感高中)Teaching pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can _ a teacher with many challenging problems.Aprovide BproduceCpresent Doffer答案：C解析：provide, present, offer都有提供的意思。provide意思是供给(某物)；present则表示呈现(某种状况)，使经历；offer构成offer sb sth或offer sth to sb的结构。结合语意选C。3Poor education _ many young people to lowpaid jobs.Acaused BcondemnedCcontributed Dconducted答案：B解析：condemn sb. to sth. 使某人注定要.。cause 引起，导致；contribute to贡献于；conduct 领导，引导，指导。4It was in the United States that I made the _ of Professor Jones.Aacquaintance BassociationCrecognition Dacknowledgement答案：A解析：make the acquaintance of sb. 与.相识。5Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him _ other musicians.Amore superior to Bmore superiorCsuperior to Dsuperior than答案：C解析：superior to 在品质、级别等方面更好，表示比较意义。6When they got there, they found the people suffering the storm were _ food and water supplies.Ain need of Bin praise ofCin honour of Din place of答案：A解析：句意为：当他们到达那里时，他们发现遭受风暴的人们需要水和食物。7While _ as a volunteer at the Beijing Olympics, she made friends with the famous tennis player.Abeing served BservingChaving served Dserved答案：B解析：考查省略句。因为句子的主语和谓语动词serve之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。8They took _ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.Afruitful BbeneficialCefficient Deffective答案：D解析：考查形容词词义。fruitful 有成果的；beneficial 有益的；effective 有效的；efficient 有能力的，有效力的。9You can not _ any little point during this important task.Aovertake BoverlookCoverdo Doverdraw答案：B解析：句意：在这项重要的任务中你不能忽视任何一点。overlook 忽视；overtake 赶上，超过；overdo 夸张，过火； overdraw 透支，超支。10Would you _ her novels as serious literature or as merely entertainment?Adivide BclassifyCarrange Dseparate答案：B解析：classify.as. 把.归入.类。divide 分开，搭配 into；arrange 安排；separate 分开，搭配 from。11-How do you know he is an American?-Oh, he _ himself when he spoke.Abetrayed BdisplayedCappeared Dshowed答案：A解析：句意为：他说话时暴露了自己(是美国人)。betray 暴露；display 展示，展现；appear 出现；show显示，展示。12Though she _ for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.Adared BnervedCwondered Dhesitated答案：D解析：句意为：虽然她犹豫了一会儿，但最后还是走了进去并且要求看一看橱窗里的那套衣服。13(2010山西大同市联考)Mrs Black took the police back to _ place _ she witnessed the robbery.Athe same; as Bthe same; whereCthe same; that Das the same; as答案：B解析：考查复合句。语意：布莱克夫人把警察带到她目击抢劫案发生的那个地方。where she witnessed the robbery是定语从句，修饰先行词place, where在从句中作状语。由于定语从句是一个完整的句子，因此需要使用关系副词，而不是关系代词，由此可排除其余选项。14You think it is uncomfortable to sit on such a hard chair, _？Adont you Bdo youCisnt it Dis it答案：C解析：uncomfortable, unfair 等意思是否定，但形式为肯定；而且 you think 是插入语。15That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong action against him.Abetrayed; take Bhad betrayed; tookChas betrayed; took Dhas betrayed; take答案：B解析：考查动词时态。This/That was (not) the first time 从句中用过去完成时态，It is time (that)从句中用过去时态。 .完形填空 Nowadays the whole world are worrying about a danger-global warming.In fact this began a long time ago. Yet not all of us seem to realize it. One day around 30 years ago，the nine million citizens of London heard sirens(a loud noise of warning made by a special machine) all over the town. Emergency services, the _1_， the police, doctors and nurses _2_ by, ready to go into action. In railway and underground stations, people read posters and _3_， telling them where to go and _4_ to do in the emergency.This was Exercise Floodcall. London wasnt flooded yet. But it is _5_ that it will be. In 1236 and 1663 London was _6_ flooded. In 1928, unluckily, quite a _7_ people living in Westminster, the heart of London, _8_ in floods. And in 1953, 100 people living on the eastern _9_， the London suburbs, were killed again in the floods. At last, the Great London Council(市政厅), is taking actions to _10_ this disaster happening again. But the flood _11_ were not built until the 1980s. And in the _12_， Londoners must be _13_. When it happens, 50 underground stations will be underwater.Electricity，gas and phone services will be out of action. _14_ will be impassable.It will be impossible to _15_ any of the bridges between North and South London. _16_ London will look like Venice. But Exercise Floodcall didnt cause _17_ among Londoners.Most people knew it was just a _18_ .One comment from a lady who was _19_ along the Embankment when the sirens sounded was, Its a flood warning, isnt it? The water doesnt look _20_ to me. 1A.soldiers Bfiremen Cengineers Drepairmen 2A.hurried Bwent Cwatched Dstood 3A.books Bmagazines Cmaps Ddictionaries 4A what Bhow Cwhy Dwhich 5A.believable Btrue Cnatural Dpossible 6A.easily Bheavily Cstrongly Dpoorly 7A.many Bfew Clots Dplenty 8A.escaped Bkilled Csurvived Ddrowned 9A.edge Barea Cpart Ddistrict 10A.resist Bkeep Cprevent Dobject 11A.walls Bchannel Cshelter Dfence 12A.future Bpast Cmeantime Dend 13A.delighted Bprepared Cfrightened Dencouraged 14A.Roads BPower CMessages DTraffic 15A.see Bpass Cbuild Dcross 16A.Guess BRemember CConsider DImagine 17A.panic Battention Cnotice Dcare 18A.design Bplan Cwarning Djoke 19A.living Bwalking Cworking Dstudying 20A.deep Bhigh Cshallow Dwide 答案及解析：本文讲述了全球越来越多的人所关注的问题-全球气候变暖不是近年才有的，而是由来已久的。 1A。根据前文的内容可以推断出此处选A。2D。由后文的ready to go into action可以推断出此处选D。本题稍难。3C。根据后文的where to go可知此处选C。4A。疑问词动词不定式结构中，疑问词做不定式的逻辑宾语，指物，故选A。5D。此两句意思是：伦敦还没有发洪水，但是将来可能会，故选D。6B。所填词修饰flooded，用